1 (J) (G) (K) Lata Govada: Chemistry B (Salters)

Chemistry B (Salters)
1 (j) (g) (k)

Lata Govada
OCR ExamBuilder process constraints mean you may
see slight differences between this paper and the
original. Duration: Not set
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
A calculator may be used in this paper.
OCR supplied materials:

Additional resources may be supplied with this paper.
Other materials required:

• Pencil
• Ruler (cm/mm)
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters.
• Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.
• Answer all the questions.
• Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer.
• Where space is provided below the question, please write your answer there.
• You may use additional paper, or a specific Answer sheet if one is provided, but you must clearly show your candidate
number, centre number and question number(s).
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

• The quality of written communication is assessed in questions marked with a pencil or an asterisk.
• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
• The total number of marks for this paper is 68.
© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 1 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

Answer all the questions.
1. Carbon atoms can bond to each other to produce a variety of different structures, including diamond, graphite
and buckminsterfullerene. Graphite consists of layers of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons.
There are similarities and differences in the structure and bonding in diamond and graphite.
(i) Describe two features of the structure and bonding in diamond that are similar to graphite.
[2]
(ii) Describe two features of the structure and bonding in diamond that are different from graphite.
[2]
2. Carbon has a very high melting point and sulfur has a low melting point.
Name the type of bonding and structure in carbon and sulfur.
Type of bonding Type of structure

Carbon
Sulfur
[2]

3. Which of the following is a correct statement about the bonding in a CO molecule?
A Carbon provides an electron pair in a dative covalent bond.

B Oxygen has two lone pairs of electrons.
C There are three covalent bonds between the atoms.
D The molecule has no dipole.
Your answer
[1]

4. The reaction of carbon monoxide with hydroxyl radicals helps control atmospheric carbon monoxide
concentrations. Hydroxyl radicals form by the breakdown of water molecules.
Equation 4.1 represents the reaction of carbon monoxide with hydroxyl radicals to produce carbon dioxide.
equation 4.1
The reaction represented by equation 4.1 produces carbon dioxide, which is a gas at room temperature. Silicon
dioxide, another Group 4 oxide, is a solid at room temperature.
Explain this difference in physical state in terms of bonding and structure.
[3]

5. The first ‘black powder’, now known as gunpowder, was most likely made in China in about the tenth century.
Gunpowder contains potassium nitrate, KNO3, as an oxidising agent, with charcoal (carbon) and sulfur.
(i) Some properties of the components in gunpowder are shown in the table below.
Complete the table.
Property Potassium nitrate Charcoal (carbon) Sulfur

Structure giant giant simple molecular
Bonding ionic covalent covalent
Melting point high
Solubility in water insoluble
Conduction of conducts
electricity when solid
[2]
(ii) Which feature of the atomic structure of carbon and sulfur indicates that they are on the right of the Periodic
Table?
[1]

6. What is correct about covalent bonds?
A They are only formed between atoms of the same electronegativity.

B They consist of attractive forces between nuclei and electrons.
C They do not exist in giant structures.
D They do not exist in ions.
Your answer
[1]

7. In 2013, researchers discovered a new hydrothermal vent at a site in the Caribbean. Hydrothermal vents are
gaps in the sea floor where very hot water emerges, carrying large amounts of dissolved minerals.
The solution around a hydrothermal vent contains calcium and sulfide ions.
(i) A calcium ion has the same electronic configuration as an argon atom.
Write the electronic configuration, in terms of s and p sub-shells, for a calcium ion.
[1]
(ii) The calcium and sulfide ions take part in a precipitation reaction to form calcium sulfide.
Write the ionic equation for the precipitation reaction. Include state symbols.
[2]
(iii) Pure calcium sulfide and sodium chloride have a similar lattice structure. The diagram below shows part of a
layer of the calcium sulfide lattice.
Complete the diagram by drawing enough particles to show the structure of the layer clearly. Label each
type of particle.
[3]

8. Long chain alkanes are cracked in the petroleum industry to provide better fuels.
An equation for a cracking reaction is shown below.
Give the values of the bond angles marked in the molecule of compound C and explain your answers.
angle x = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ angle y = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
explanation:
[3]

9. Both carbon and sulfur form dioxides when burnt.
CO2 is a linear molecule. SO2 is a bent (v-shaped) molecule.
Explain why CO2 is linear and SO2 is a bent molecule.
Give the bond angle in SO2.
Bond angle in SO2_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[4]

10. The diagram below shows a molecule of cyclohexene, with a bond angle indicated.
Which letter correctly describes the bond angle and shape around the bond?
A 120o, trigonal planar

B 107o, pyramidal
C 109.5o, tetrahedral
D 120o, pyramidal
Your answer
[1]

11. Zeolites are microporous, sponge-like materials, developed from naturally occurring minerals. They have an
enormous range of applications.
Zeolites are made up of SiO4 units linked by sharing the oxygen atom at each corner.
(i) Use electron pair repulsion theory to suggest the value of the O-Si-O bond angle in the SiO4 units.
Explain your reasoning.
O-Si-O bond angle = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[3]
(ii) Draw a diagram, using wedges, lines and dotted lines to represent the 3D shape of an SiO4 unit.
[1]

12. Geiger and Marsden fired α-particles at a gold foil.
Which result did they observe?

A All the α-particles were deflected slightly.
B Most α-particles were not deflected but some were deflected slightly.
C All the α-particles were deflected through large angles.
D Most α-particles were not deflected but some were deflected through large angles.
Your answer
[1]

13. In the volcanic crater at Solfatara, near Naples, the air smells of sulfur dioxide. Crystals of sulfur can be seen on
the ground, together with orange ammonium sulfide.
Sulfur dioxide can be represented as a sulfur atom with double bonds to each of two oxygen atoms.
(i) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for this structure.
[2]
(ii) Explain why this molecule is ‘V-shaped’.
Predict the bond angle.
[3]
(iii) Ozone has a similar shape to sulfur dioxide, with an oxygen atom replacing the sulfur atom. Oxygen,
however, can only have a maximum of eight electrons in its outer shell.
Suggest a possible ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for ozone.
[2]
(iv) Sulfur dioxide gives rise to ‘acid rain’ in the atmosphere.
Write an equation that shows how sulfur dioxide forms aqueous hydrogen ions in the atmosphere.
Show state symbols.

[2]

14. Phenelzine is an antidepressant drug.
(i) Give the molecular formula of phenelzine.
[1]
(ii) Give and explain the H-N-H bond angle in phenelzine.
[3]
15. Which molecule has the smallest bond angle?
A BCl3
B BeCl2
C NCl3
D SiCl4
Your answer
[1]

16. Which row is correct for the shapes of xenon compounds?
Formula Shape
A XeF2 bent (angle 107°)
B XeF4 tetrahedral
C XeO3 pyramidal
D XeO4 square planar
Your answer
[1]
17. Which statement(s) about nitrogen compounds is / are correct?
1 The ammonium ion has a H—N—H bond angle of 109.5°.

2 The ammonia molecule has a tetrahedral shape.
3 N2O reacts with air to form a brown gas.
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1
Your answer
[1]

18. Hydrogen is used in the manufacture of ammonia.
Ammonia reacts with nitric acid to form ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, a fertiliser.
(i) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for the NO3− ion and give the oxidation state of nitrogen in the ion.
NO − has a nitrogen atom surrounded by three oxygen atoms. Show outer electron shells only.
3
oxidation state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [3]
(ii) Ammonium nitrate is potentially explosive.

When it is heated carefully, water and an oxide of nitrogen are formed.
Write the equation for this reaction. Give the name and appearance of the oxide of nitrogen.
Equation:
Name of oxide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Appearance of oxide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [2]

19. Ozone can be represented by the ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram shown below.
Give the shape of the molecule and bond angle around the central O atom.
Explain Your answer.
[4]

20(a). Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for a CHCl3 molecule.
Show outer electron shells only.
[1]
(b). Draw a diagram of the shape of a CHC13 molecule.
Give a value for the bond angle.
[2]

21. A molecule of N2O has a central N atom forming a dative covalent bond.
Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to represent the bonding in N2O.
[2]
22. Another material used in neutron detectors is boron trifluoride, BF3.
Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for BF3, showing outer electrons only.
[2]
23. Ozone is a pollutant in the troposphere but beneficial in the stratosphere.
Ozone in the troposphere is formed from gases in vehicle exhaust emissions reacting with hydroxyl radicals.
(i) Oxides of nitrogen are present in vehicle exhausts.
Explain why they are present.
[1]
(ii) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross‘ diagram of an OH radical and explain why OH is a radical.
Explanation_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [2]
END OF QUESTION PAPER

Mark Scheme
Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance
1 i Any TWO from:✓ ✓ 2
Consist entirely of carbon atoms Must have the idea that it consists of only
carbon
Giant (network) / giant (lattice) ALLOW giant structure.

IGNORE Macromolecular
Covalent
DO NOT ALLOW ‘covalent’ mark if there
are references to ionic or intermolecular
bonds or molecules in either substance.
Examiner's Comments
Most candidates scored at least one mark

here. Referring to ‘molecules’ was a
surprisingly common error and many
candidates' answers were more
appropriate to Q.i (ii).
ii Two from: 2
Every C bonded to 4 C ✓ Answer must imply ‘each’, ‘every’ or ‘all’

carbons to score the mark.
Diamond doesn't have layers ✓
3-dimensional/3D OR tetrahedral OR bond

angle 109 (.5)° ✓
Does not have delocalised electrons. ✓ IGNORE Free electron(s)
Examiner's Comments
Many candidates did not score for this

question. Common mistakes were writing
only about the features of graphite and
some answers were not specific enough,
for example omitting the word ‘every’ when
describing the bonding between carbon
atoms.
Total 4

Mark Scheme
2 2 IGNORE ‘covalent’ in right-hand column

carbon: covalent; giant / network ✔
IGNORE ‘lattice / molecular / molecules’ in
sulfur: covalent; (simple) molecular / top right box
small molecules✔
ALLOW id-id for sulfur in bottom left box
ALLOW ‘simple molecule’ in bottom right

box
Examiner's Comments
This bonding and structure question was

reasonably well answered with most wrong
answers not surprisingly being for sulfur.
Metallic and ionic bonding types were,
however, worrying responses.
Total 2
3 C 1
Total 1

Mark Scheme
4 SiO2: giant covalent / giant structure / 3 NOT giant ionic structure

network solid / giant lattice / whole IGNORE giant molecule and references to
structure held together by covalent bonds, intermolecular bonds
e.g.: every silicon atom is bonded to 4 Reference to ‘oxygen molecules’ CONs
oxygen atoms OR diagram showing at this mark
least 2 Si with all surrounding Os ✔
CO2: simple molecular / molecules / IGNORE ‘covalent’

O=C=O AW ✔
(covalent) bonds in SiO2 are stronger than MP3: DO NOT ALLOW if answer is
intermolecular bonds in CO2 (ORA) referring to SiO2 having any type of
OR intermolecular bond or breaking of weak
(covalent) bonds in SiO2 need more energy covalent bonds in CO2
to break than intermolecular bonds in CO2
✔ MP3: Must be a comparison
Examiner's Comments
Most candidates gained some credit,

usually for describing carbon dioxide as
simple molecular and/or describing silicon
dioxide as forming a giant lattice. Some
candidates scored the third mark for an
appropriate comparison of the strength of
the forces that need to be broken in order
to change the chemicals' physical states.
Those candidates who did not score the
third mark were often comparing
intermolecular forces in both compounds or
gave answers that were not worded
sufficiently clearly for Examiners to know if
they were comparing intermolecular bonds
or covalent bonds.
Total 3

Mark Scheme
5 i 2 all correct 2 marks
one / two incorrect 1 mark
NOT - conducts in solution or when molten

(NATQ)
Allow answers in terms of insulation /

insulator
Examiner's Comments
A surprising number of candidates thought

sulfur was soluble in water and another
common error was to talk of conduction of
potassium nitrate in solution or when
molten, which is not the property being
described in the table.
ii 3 or more / more than 2 electrons in outer 1 NOT - Number of e in outer shell – hence
shell / outermost the group
OR - Number of e stated rather than the point
electrons in p sub shell it is three
or more
- in p block
Examiner's Comments
Candidates found this question difficult

because few linked the electronic structure
with the number of outer shell electrons
needed to start filling the p sub shell.
Total 3
6 B 1
Total 1

Mark Scheme
7 i 1s22s22p63s23p6 ✔ 1 ALLOW upper or lower case letters but

numbers must be superscripts
ALLOW [Ne] 3s23p6
Examiner's Comments
Many candidates gained this mark, either

by writing the configuration in full, or by
showing it as [Ne]3s23p6. Those not
gaining credit had often given the
configuration for a calcium atom, rather
than the ion.
ii Ca2+ (aq) + S2– (aq) → CaS (s) 2 Completely correct equation (i.e.: without
spectator ions) scores the first mark.
Equation ✔ ALLOW answer with multiples.
State symbols ✔ Mark state symbols separately – must have

the idea of (aq) + (aq) → (s)
Mark independently.
(Equations like:
–
CaCl2 (aq) + S2– (aq) → CaS (s) + 2Cl (aq)
score 1 mark for correct state symbols on
the appropriate species).
Examiner's Comments
Many candidates gained full credit for an

equation showing the correct ions reacting
and including the state symbols. Those
gaining partial credit had often left out the
state symbols.

Mark Scheme
iii 3 IGNORE particles shown in other layers.
MP1: ALLOW ecf from (ii)

MP1: DO NOT ALLOW mark if diagram
includes electrons OR if any circles are
incorrectly labelled.
MP1: ALLOW positive ions labelled ‘

calcium’ and negative ions labelled ‘
sulphide’.
1Smaller circles labelled Ca2+ and larger

MP2: DO NOT ALLOW if large circles are
circles labelled S2– ✔ in contact with each other.
2At least one more large circle correctly
drawn, to show ions alternate ✔ Mark independently.
3At least one small circle surrounded by
4 large circles ✔ IGNORE any overlap between small and
large circles.
Examiner's Comments
Most candidates gained some credit here,

often for drawing at least one more of the
large circles in a correct position. Some
candidates went on the gain further credit
for showing four large circles around a
small one and for identifying the large
circles as sulphide ions and the small ones
as calcium ions.
Total 6
8 3 ALLOW y = 108–110°
For the first 2 marking points:

1 mark for each correct row or column.
ALLOW sets / groups of electrons for
areas of electron density
DO NOT ALLOW pairs of electrons for x
Idea of positioning to minimise repulsion. ✔ DO NOT ALLOW repel as much as

possible
Total 3

Mark Scheme
9 4 IGNORE references to bonding pairs

carbon dioxide has two sets / groups of
electrons / areas of electron density ✔ Watch for CON "three bonding groups in
SO2“
sulfur dioxide has three sets etc.✔
Watch out for CON – "repel as far apart as
electrons repel as far as possible /
possible“ for one species, but "don't repel
minimise repulsion ✔
.........“ for the other
IGNORE ‘repel as much as possible’

0
(three groups gives) 120 (allow 115 - 125 0 IGNORE ‘push’
✔ NOT ‘atoms repel’
IGNORE ‘bonds repel’
ALLOW for ‘electrons’: ‘these’ (if 1st mpt

scored) or any of the terms allowed for the
first mpt
NO ecf (eg 4areas / 109)
Examiner's Comments
The more able or better prepared

candidates scored well on this question but
some candidates, once more, lost
unnecessary marks by the wrong use of
the term ‘pairs of electrons.’ For example,
a common error was to state that the
central sulphur of SO2 had four pairs of
electrons leading to the incorrect bond
angle for the SO2 molecule. Good answers
were those in which descriptions
concentrated on areas of electron density
or sets of electrons.
Total 4
10 A 1
Total 1

Mark Scheme
11 i Bond angle = 109° ✔ 3 Allow 107 -110

Four pairs of electrons / sets / groups of
electrons / areas of electron density around
Si / central atom ✔ Not repel as much as possible
Stand alone mark
Repel to get as far away as possible /
minimise electron repulsion ✔ NOT bonds repel, NOT bonding pairs
repel, must mention electrons / electron
density or follow straight from second
marking point.
Examiner's Comments
Generally well-answered but some

candidates lost a mark by not explaining it
was the number electron groups around
the central, silicon. atom which were key.
ii 1 diagram does not have to have either Si or

O atoms shown Allow diagram with 2
Dashes / dotted lines & wedges wedges and a dashed line (between them)
correct ✔ or any other correct arrangement
dotted line and wedges / solid lines must
not be directly opposite each other
Two lines opposite or a wedge and dotted

opposite are wrong
Examiner's Comments
A significant minority of students lost this

mark because they used solid lines
opposite each other, rather than adjacent
to each other, in their structures.
Total 4
12 D 1
Total 1

Mark Scheme
13 i 2 ALLOW electrons in lone pairs that are not

close together Give BOD wherever
possible on rubbing out etc.
both double bonds correct ✓
completely correct ✓ ALLOW double bonds as
IGNORE shape
ALLOW other symbols for dots and
crosses
Examiner's Comments
Most could draw the dot and cross diagram

for sulfur dioxide, the commonest error
being to place two lone pairs on the sulfur.
ii 1. three groups / sets / regions of electrons 3 1. IGNORE ‘electron pairs/ bonds/ bonding
/ areas of electron density (around S) ✓ pairs’
2. (electrons / [as for 1.]) repel and get as
far away from each other as possible/ repel 2. IGNORE ‘bonds’ and ‘pairs’
to minimise repulsion ✓
IGNORE ‘repel as much as possible’
3. 120°✓ 3. ALLOW 115 - 125
Mark separately No ecf
Examiner's Comments
Again, most could answer this fairly familiar

question, though some lost marks because
they talked about pairs of electrons rather
than ‘areas of electron density’.
iii 2 See guidance in 5ai
ALLOW structure with dative bond and

One oxygen with dative bond and three double bond reversed.
lone pairs ✓
completely correct ✓ Examiner's Comments
Some candidates spotted that a dative

bond would solve the problem and then
produced a correct structure, though some
of these were let down by a failure to count
electrons.

Mark Scheme
iv SO2(g / aq) + H2O(l / g) ⇌ 2H+(aq) + 2 ALLOW arrow instead of ⇌.

SO32–(aq) OR ALLOW equations with oxygen forming
–
SO2(g / aq) + H2O(l / g) ⇌ H+(aq) + SO42– or HSO4 [eg 2SO2(g / aq)+2H2O(l /
HSO3–(aq) g) +O2(g) ⇌ 4H+(aq)+2SO42–(aq)] ss mark
equation ✓ state symbols ✓ can be awarded if equation is unbalanced
but correct species are present (and only
those).
Examiner's Comments
A few candidates wrote a correct equation,

–
forming either SO32– or HSO3 . A number
of equations had an unbalanced SO3–
formed and many tried to form sulfate
without realising they could never balance
the equation without involving oxygen
molecules – for which a correctly balanced
equation would have been perfectly
acceptable.
Total 9
14 i C8H12N2✔ 1 ALLOW elements in any order
ii 109o ✔ 3 ALLOW 106 - 110o

four pairs / groups / sets of electrons / four ALLOW three bonding pairs and one lone
areas of electron density (around N) ✔ pair
repel and get as far away from each other
as possible / minimise repulsion ✔ 3rd point must be in terms of electrons
repelling
IGNORE bonds repelling
IGNORE ‘(repel) as much as possible’
Mark separately
Examiner's Comments
Most could work out the molecular formula,

though some tripped over the number of
hydrogen atoms. There was high scoring
on the question concerning the bond angle
around nitrogen, though some forgot the
lone pair and said there were only three
areas of electron density around the
nitrogen atom.
Total 4

Mark Scheme
15 C 1
Total 1
16 C 1
Total 1
17 D 1
Total 1

Mark Scheme
18 i 3 oxygen atoms can be in any position; the

left-hand one (here) can be with a minus,
as shown or an extra cross or another
symbol.
IGNORE brackets and minus signs
five electrons from N ✓; completely correct Expansion of the octet does not score
✓ second mark
NOT 5+ or 5
+5 ✓
Examiner's Comments
A few candidates managed to negotiate

this tricky dot-and-cross diagram, showing
a dative bond from the nitrogen to one
oxygen and a double bond to another, with
a single bond to the oxygen with the ‘extra’
electron (shown in a variety of ways). Many
‘expanded the octet’ which nitrogen cannot
do. They and others benefited from an
intermediate mark for ‘five electrons round
the N atom’ which was widely scored. The
oxidation state was almost invariably
correct.
ii NH4NO3 → 2H2O + N2O ✓ 2 IGNORE state symbols

ALLOW halves and multiples
IGNORE gaps in name
dinitrogen (mon)oxide or (di)nitrogen(I)
(mon)oxide AND colourless (gas) ✓ second mark depends on N2O being
formed
ALLOW ecf from NO or NO2 formed in the
equation.
Examiner's Comments
Many could derive the equation and, of

these, most could name and describe the
dinitrogen monoxide formed. Some thought
that oxygen ought to feature in the
equation.
Numerical answers: 3b(ii) 1 × 10–3 mol
dm–3; 3b(iii) 0.036 atm;
Total 5

Mark Scheme
19 shape: bent OR V-shaped ✔ 4 no ECF between marking points

angle 120° (±3) ✔
3 groups of electrons / 3 areas of electron
density ✔
Mark 4th mpt separately
(electrons) repel and get as far away from must be in terms of the words allowed for
each other as possible ✔ the 3rd mpt or ‘electrons’ or ‘pairs of
electrons’ NOT ‘bonds’
ALLOW ‘minimise repulsion’ (in context of
electrons or other appropriate wording)
NOT ‘maximum repulsion’
Total 4

Mark Scheme
20 a 1
Any two different symbols can be used to
represent the bonding electrons.
Candidate does not have to draw circles

for electron shells.
Examiner's Comments
Most candidates gained credit here, with

the most common reason for not scoring
All correct for one mark ✔ being diagrams that did not have lone pairs
of electrons on the chlorine atoms.
b 2 ALLOW other 3-D representations of the

molecule.
ALLOW hydrogen in any position.
Diagram needs to be as shown on the left

(change dotted wedge to dotted line)
or one bond in the plane, with two coming
OR
out of the plane of the page and one going
in (or vice versa) - like this, but with atoms
labelled:
&✔
Bond angle 109° &✔
If two bonds are shown in the same plane,

they must be next to each other (i.e.: not
two lines in the same plane at 180° to each
other).
ACCEPT bond angle values in the range

107 – 111°
DO NOT ALLOW diagram mark if

molecule is incorrect.
Examiner's Comments
Many candidates gained both marks here,

for a diagram showing the tetrahedral
shape of the molecule and a bond angle of
109°.
Total 3

Mark Scheme
21 2 Any two or three different symbols can be

used to represent the electrons of different
atoms.
Candidate does not need to draw circles

for electron shells.
It MUST be clear that pairs of electrons are

being shared between the two Ns and the
N and the O.
IGNORE inner shell electrons.
Diagrams showing NO2 scores 0

Bonding electrons correct ✓
Lone pairs correct✓ Examiner's Comments
Candidates found this difficult, often either

scoring zero or 2 marks. Incorrect
configurations included nitrogen with 6 or
10 electrons in outer shell, or diagrams of
NO2.
Total 2

Mark Scheme
22 2 For covalent structure

IGNORE bond angles
Only one electron symbol used maximum 1
A lone pair appearing on B CONs 2nd mark
ALLOW correct ionic dot-and-cross with 1

mark for correct B structure including
charge and 1 for 3 correct fluorides
including charges (see below)
shared electrons ✔ lone pairs ✔
ALLOW 2 electrons on B for ionic structure
Examiner's Comments
Pleasingly answered by most, ionic

structures were given credit. The most
common error was an extra pair of
electrons on the boron atom.
Total 2
23 i Nitrogen and oxygen from the 1 ALLOW formulae for gases

air/atmosphere combine due to high
temperature. ✓
ii 2 IGNORE ‘lone’, ‘single’
Unpaired electron (on oxygen) ✓
Total 3
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

1 (J) (G) (K) Lata Govada: Chemistry B (Salters)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 (J) (G) (K) Lata Govada: Chemistry B (Salters)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 (J) (G) (K) Lata Govada: Chemistry B (Salters)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemistry B (Salters)

1 (j) (g) (k)

OCR supplied materials:

Other materials required:

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 1 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

Name the type of bonding and structure in carbon and sulfur.

Type of bonding Type of structure

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 2 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

A Carbon provides an electron pair in a dative covalent bond.

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 3 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

Explain this difference in physical state in terms of bonding and structure.

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 4 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

Complete the table.

Property Potassium nitrate Charcoal (carbon) Sulfur

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 5 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

A They are only formed between atoms of the same electronegativity.

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 6 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 7 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

An equation for a cracking reaction is shown below.

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 8 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

Explain why CO2 is linear and SO2 is a bent molecule.

Give the bond angle in SO2.

Bond angle in SO2_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 9 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

A 120o, trigonal planar

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 10 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

Explain your reasoning.

O-Si-O bond angle = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 11 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

Which result did they observe?

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 12 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

(i) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for this structure.

(ii) Explain why this molecule is ‘V-shaped’.

Predict the bond angle.

Suggest a possible ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for ozone.

(iv) Sulfur dioxide gives rise to ‘acid rain’ in the atmosphere.

Show state symbols.

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 13 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 14 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

(i) Give the molecular formula of phenelzine.

(ii) Give and explain the H-N-H bond angle in phenelzine.

15. Which molecule has the smallest bond angle?

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 15 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

17. Which statement(s) about nitrogen compounds is / are correct?

1 The ammonium ion has a H—N—H bond angle of 109.5°.

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 16 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

oxidation state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [3]

(ii) Ammonium nitrate is potentially explosive.

Appearance of oxide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ [2]

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 17 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

Explain Your answer.

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 18 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

Show outer electron shells only.

Give a value for the bond angle.

© OCR 2018. You may photocopy this page. 19 of 37 Created in ExamBuilder

Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to represent the bonding in N2O.

Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for BF3, showing outer electrons only.

(i) Oxides of nitrogen are present in vehicle exhausts.