( ) ( )

Problem 1-4. A garden hose attached with a nozzle is used to fill a 20-gal bucket. The inner diameter 2.21 kg
of the hose is 1 in and it reduces to 0.5 in at the nozzle exit. If the average velocity in the hose is 8 5.) ṁ=ρ 2 A2 V 2= ( 0.008 m2 ) 30 m =0.530 kg/ s
ft/s, (1) determine the volume flow rates of water, (2) determine the mass flow rate of water m
3
s
through the hose, (3) how long it will take to fill the bucket with water?, (4) determine the average ṁ 0.530 kg/ s 2 2
velocity of water at the nozzle exit. ṁ=ρ 2 A2 V 2 → A 2= = =0.00387 m =38.7 cm
( )( )
Given: 6.) ρ V
2 2 kg 180 m
0.762 3
V =20-gal m s
D 1 =1 in 2
Problem 7-8. Air whose density is 0.078 lbm/ ft enters the duct of an air-conditioning system at a
V avg =8 ft/s volume flow rate of 450 ft 3/min. If the diameter of the duct is 10 in, determine (7) the velocity of
Required: the air at the duct inlet and (8) the mass flow rate of air.
1.) ṁ =? Given:
2.) V̇ =?
ρ1 =0.078 lbm/ ft 2
3.) ∆ t =?
V̇ =450 ft 3/min
4.) V e =?
D =10 in
Solution:
Required:
1.) ⩒= AV =
π D2
4 ( ) V =¿ 7.) V =?
8.) ṁ =?
Solution:

( )
3
62.4 lbm 0.04363 ft V 1 450 ft 3 /min
2.) ṁ=ρ ⩒= ( )=2.72lbm /s
ft 3 s 7.) V 1= =
A2 π ¿¿
20 gal
( )( )
3
0.078lbm 450 ft
V 0.04363 ft 3 /s 8.) ṁ=ρ 2 ⩒2= =35.1lbm/min ¿ 0.585 lbm/s
3.) ∆ t= = =61.3 s ft
3
min
⩒
( 7.4804 gal )
1 ft 3 9. While traveling on a dirt road, the bottom of a car hits a sharp rock and a small hole develops at
the bottom of its gas tank. If the height of the gasoline in the tank is 30 cm, determine the initial
velocity of the gasoline at the hole.
3
4.) V e =⩒
❑ = ⩒ = 0.04363 ft / s Given:
A e π D2e / 4 ¿¿ z 1 =30cm
3 3 Required:
Problem 4-5. Air enters a nozzle steadily at 2.21 kg/ m and 30 m/s and leaves at 0.762 kg/ m and
2 9.) V =?
180 m/s. If the inlet area of the nozzle is 80 cm , determine (5) the mass flow rate through the
Solution:
nozzle and (6) the exit area of the nozzle.
Given: P1 V 21 P V2 V2
+ + z 1= 2 + 2 + z 2 → z 2= 2
ρ1=2.21 kg/m 3 ρg 2 g ρg 2 g 2g

√ √(
V 1 =30 m/s
A1 =80 cm 2
ρ2 =0.762 kg/m3
9.) V
2 = 2 g z 1=¿ 2
9.81 m
s
2 )
(0.3 m)=2.43 m/s ¿
Problem 10-11. A pressurized tank of water has a 10-cm-diameter orifice at the bottom, where
V 2 =30 m/s water discharges to the atmosphere. The water level is 3 m above the outlet. The tank air pressure
Required: above the water level is 300 kPa (absolute) while the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. Neglecting
5.) ṁ =? frictional effects, determine (10) the discharge velocity and (11) the initial discharge rate of water
from the tank.
6.) A2 =?
Given:
Solution:
D =10cm 14.)
z 1 =3m 0.757 L

( )
3
P1 =300kPa ⩒ 0.757 L/s 0.757 L /s s 1m
V avg = = = = =15.1 m/ s
P2 =100kPa Ve π r 2e π (4 x 10−3 m)2 0.5027 x 10−4 1000 L
Required: 15.) Water is flowing from a hose attached to a water main at 400 kPa gage. A child places his
10.) V 2 =? thumb to cover most of the hose outlet, causing a thin jet of high-speed water to emerge. If the
11.) ⩒ =? hose is held upward, what is the maximum height that the jet could achieve?
Solution: Given:
P1 V 1
2
P2 V 2
2
V 2 P1−P 2
2 P1 , gage =400kPa
+ + z 1= + + z 2 → = z1 Required:
ρg 2 g ρg 2 g 2g ρg 15.) z 2 =?
10.)
Solution:

( )( )
1000 N m

√
1 kg· P1 V 21 P 2 V 22 P 1 Patm
V 2=
√
2(P1−P2 )
ρ
+2 g z 1=
2 ( 300 kPa−100 kPa )
1000 kg
m2
1 kPa 1N
s2
+2
(
9.81 m
s2 )
( 3 mρg
+
) =21.4
+ z 1 =
2 g m/ s ρg 2 g
+ + z2 → =
ρg ρg
+ z2

() )( )
1000 N m
m 3 1 kg·
P 1−¿P P1 ,gage 400 kPa m2 s2
( )
2
2
π ( 0.10 m ) 15.) z 2= = = = 40.8m ¿
atm
πD 21.4 m
=0.168 m3 /s
( )(
11.) ⩒= A V 2 = V 2= ρg ρg 1000 kg 9.81 m 1 kPa 1N
4 4 s 3 2
Problem 12-14. A garden hose attached with a nozzle is used to fill a 10-gal bucket. The inner m s
diameter of the hose is 2 cm, and it reduces to 0.8 cm at the nozzle exit. If it takes 50 s to fill the 16. A large tank open to the atmosphere is filled with water to a height of 5 m from the outlet tap. A
bucket with water, determine (12) the volume flow rate of water through the hose, (13) the mass tap near the bottom of the tank is now opened, and water flows out from the smooth and rounded
flow rate of water through the hose, and (14) the average velocity of water at the nozzle exit. outlet. Determine the water velocity at the outlet.
Given: Given:
v =10gal Required:
D 1 =2cm Solution:
2 2 2
D2 =0.8cm P1 V 1 P V V
+ + z 1= 2 + 2 + z 2 → z 1= 2
∆ t =50s ρg 2 g ρg 2 g 2g

√( )
Required: 9.81 m
12.) ⩒ =? 16.) V 2= √ 2 g z 1= 2 (5 m)=9.9 m/ s
13.) ṁ =?
s2
17.) The water level in a tank is 20 m above the ground. A hose is connected to the bottom of the
14.) V avg =?
tank, and the nozzle at the end of the hose is pointed straight up. The tank cover is airtight, and the
Solution: air pressure above the water surface is 2atm gage. The system is at sea level. Determine the

12.) ⩒=
∆t
=
50 s (
v 10 gal 3.7854 L
1 gal
=0.757 L/s ) maximum height to which the water stream could rise.
Given:
z 1 =20m
13.) ṁ=ρ ⩒=
L ( )(
1 kg 0.757 L
s
=0.757 kg /s ) P1 = 2atm
Required:
17.) z 2 =?
Solution:
 2 2 18. Which of the following physical quantities is not conserved during a process?
P1 V 1 P2 V 2 P1 Patm P1−P atm P1 , gage
+ + z 1= + + z 2 → + z1 = + z 2 → z 2= + z1 = + z1 Answer: d. Entropy
ρg 2 g ρg 2 g ρg ρg ρg ρg 19. It is the pressure rise when the fluid in motion is brought to a stop isentropically.

() )( )
101,325 N m Answer: b. Dynamic pressure
2
1kg ∙ 2 20. It is not pressure in a real sense since its value depends on the reference level selected, and it
2 atm m s accounts for the effects of fluid weight on pressure
17.) z 2= +20=40.7 m
( )(
1000 kg 9.81m 1atm 1N Answer: a. Hydrostatic pressure

m3 s2