APPLICATION OF A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Now that we have discussed how to use Standardized Normal Distribution Table in conjunction with
the standard normal value formula, many different types of probability problems involving normal
distribution can be solved. To illustrate this, we will deal with some examples.

Computing a Normal Probability to a standard Normal Probability

Unit Exercise 3

1. Suppose that the IQ scores of Grade 11 students of a certain school is normally distributed with
a mean of 110 and standard deviation of 16. What is the probability that a randomly selected
Grade 11 students has an IQ score of 125?
2. In the recent examination in statistics and probability are normally distributed with a mean
score of 450 and a standard deviation of 25. Assuming that there are 5,000 examiners, how
many got a scores of more than 400?
3. A company produces different types of energy drinks. The filling machines are adjusted to pour
500 milliliters (ml) of energy drinks into each plastic bottle. Nonetheless, the actual amount of
energy drink poured into each bottle is not exactly 500 ml, it varies from bottle to bottle. It has
been observed that the amount of energy drink in a bottle is normally distributed with a mean
of 500 ml and a standard deviation of 4.75 ml. What percentage of the energy drink bottles
contains 505 to 513 milliliters?

Unit Exercise 4

1. The average Pag-ibig salary loan for the RFS Pharmacy Inc. employees is ₱23,000. If the debt is
normally distributed with a standard deviation of ₱2,500, find the probability that the employee
owes less than ₱18,500.
2. The average age of bank managers is 40 years. Assume the variable is normally distributed. If
the standard deviation is 5 years, find the probability that the age of a random selected bank
manager will be in the range between 35 and 46 years old.
3. Suppose that the IQ scores of Grade 11 students of a certain school is normally distributed with
a mean of 110 and standard deviation of 16. How many students have an IQ score greater than
80 if there are 2000 students in all?
 SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION

STATISTIC
It is a branch of applied mathematics that involves the collection, description, analysis, and inference
of conclusions from quantitative data.

Kinds of Statistics
1. Descriptive Statistic
is a way to organize, represent and describe a collection of data using tables, graphs, and summary
measures.

2. Inferential Statistic
is a method that allows us to use information collected from a sample to make decisions, predictions or
inferences from a population.

In this lesson, we will discuss Inferential statistics in which the process of converting data into
information. To have an inference the researchers must have a valid and reasonable data. To create that
we are going to discuss the sampling techniques. First, you need to understand the difference between a
population and a sample, and identify the target population of your research.

Population- refers to the groups or aggregates of people, object, materials, events or things of any form.

Sample – is a subgroup of the population; these are taken from the population so as to represent the
population characteristics or traits.

The relation between a sample and a population is portrayed in figure below.

POPULATION SAMPLE

CGC’s Students Male students

Slovin’s Formula is a formula that is used to determine what sample size should be chosen to study a
given population depending on the error tolerance level of the investigator.
𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁ⅇ 2
Where;

n = Number of samples,
N = Total population and
e = Margin of error
 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

It is referring to the process of selecting these individuals. There are two types of sampling
techniques.

A. Random Sampling Technique It is a process whose members had an equal chance of

1. Simple Random Sampling- is a process of selecting n sample size in the population via random
numbers or through lottery.

2. Systematic Sampling - is a process of selecting a kth element in the population until the desired
number of subjects or respondents is attained. It is also known as Interval sampling.
𝑁 Note: Always round off the
The interval size (k) is determined using the formula: 𝑘= interval to the nearest
𝑛
whole number.
3. Stratified Sampling- is a process of subdividing the population into subgroups or strata and drawing
members at random from each subgroup or stratum.

There are two types of stratified random sampling:

a. Simple Stratified Sampling- is used when the population is divided into strata which common
characteristics/s and if we decide to get an equal number of samples from each stratum.

b. Proportional Stratified Sampling- in this method the sample size is proportional to the number of
members of the stratum.

4. Cluster sampling- is a process of selecting clusters from a population which is very large or widely
spread out over a wide geographical area. It is also known as Area Sampling.

B. Non-random Sampling Technique It is a sampling procedure where samples are

1. Convenience Sampling-process of selecting a group of individuals who (conveniently) are available for study.

2. Purposive Sampling- is a process of selecting based from judgment to select a sample which the researcher
believed, based on prior information, will provide the data they need. It is also called judgment sampling.

3. Quota Sampling- is applied when an investigator survey collects information from an assigned number,
or quota of individuals from one of several sample units fulfilling certain prescribed criteria or belonging
to one stratum. Their advantage is that they are cheaper to administer.

4. Snowball Sampling- is a technique in which one or more members of a population are located and used
to lead the researchers to other members of the population.

5. Voluntary Sampling- is a technique when sample are composed of respondents who are self-select into
the study/survey. Most of the time samples have a strong interest in the topic of the study.

6. Judgment Sampling- is a technique when the researcher relies on his/her personal/sound judgment in
choosing to participate in the study or the sample selected is based on the opinion of an expert.