WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SMART BOOM GATE
By
NAME ID
1. FITSUM TESFAYE ENG/R/830/08
2. SOFONIYAS WONDOSEN ENG/R/790/08
3. ALENE SHITA ENG/R/007/08
4. LENSI DATA ENG/R/568/07
A Project Submitted to the Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering of Wolaita Sodo University [Computer Stream]
Date
Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia

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ii
 Declaration
I, the undersigned, declare that this Project is my original work, has not been presented for a
degree in this or any other universities, and all sources of materials used for the Project have
been fully acknowledged.

Name Signature

1. FITSUM TESFAYE ……………………

2. SOFONIYAS WONDOSEN ……………………
3. ALENE SHITA ……………………
4. LENSI DABA …………………….

Date of Submission: __________

This Project has been submitted for examination with my approval as a university advisor.

Project Advisor Signature

YIGREMACHEW ESHETU …………………..

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to express our deep gratitude to our research supervisor Yigremachew
Eshetu next to God , for his patient guidance, enthusiastic encouragement , useful
critiques of this research work and providing all materials for the development of
the this project and WOLITA SODO university security staffs to for their help in
doing the data gathering, analysis and for their support in the site problem
identification.

We would also like to extend our thanks to the electrical and computer engineering
computer laboratory assistants. Special thank goes to Doctor yosef, sirak,
Mberatome Abdisa, Frahiwote, and Azmerawe for their support in the development
of the project and to all of our class meets for their supportive idea . And also, great
thank for our parents for their support and encouragement throughout our study.

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Table of Contents
Declaration ..................................................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..................................................................................................................................... ii
LIST OF Figure................................................................................................................................................ v
Lista of Table ............................................................................................................................................... vii
List of Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................... vii
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................................... 1
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY............................................................................................................ 1
1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 2
1.3. OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 2
GENERAL OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................. 2
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................................. 2
1.4. Project over view ............................................................................................................................... 3
1.5. Requirement analysis ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.5.1. Software Tools Required ............................................................................................................. 4
1.5.2. Hardware Tools Required ........................................................................................................... 4
1.6. METHODE........................................................................................................................................... 5
1.7. Significance of the project ................................................................................................................. 7
1.8. Scope and Limitation.......................................................................................................................... 8
CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................................................. 9
2. LITERATURE SURVEY ................................................................................................................................. 9
2.1 Existing Systems: ................................................................................................................................. 9
2.2 PROPOSED SOLUTION ....................................................................................................................... 11
2.3. FEASIBILITY ....................................................................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................................................... 24
3.SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN ................................................................................................................... 24
3.1 REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION ......................................................................................................... 24
3.1.1 Functional Requirement ............................................................................................................ 24
3.1.2 Non-Functional Requirement .................................................................................................... 24
3.2.3 Flow chart diagram .................................................................................................................... 26
3.2. Algorithms and Pseudo Code .......................................................................................................... 28

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 3.3. Use case diagram ............................................................................................................................ 30
3.4. Circuit diagram and Schematic Diagram ........................................................................................ 30
3.4.1. Circuit diagram ......................................................................................................................... 33
3.4.2. Schematic Diagram .................................................................................................................. 33
3.5. Mechanical design and Drawing ...................................................................................................... 34
3.5.1 Mechanical Design ..................................................................................................................... 34
3.5.2. Mechanical Drawing.................................................................................................................. 35
CHAPTER FOUR ........................................................................................................................................... 36
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................... 36
4.1. Discussion........................................................................................................................................ 36
4.2 Result .......................................................................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................................................. 38
5. CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................. 38
5.1. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 38
REFERANCE ................................................................................................................................................. 39

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LIST OF Figure

Figure 1:organization ...................................................................................................................... 7

Figure 2:block diagram of boom gate ........................................................................................... 12

Figure 3:Arduino uno .................................................................................................................... 13

Figure 4:relay ................................................................................................................................ 13

Figure 5:Blutooth .......................................................................................................................... 14

Figure 6:Ultrasonic sensor ............................................................................................................ 14

Figure 7:IR receiver ...................................................................................................................... 14

Figure 8:Remote............................................................................................................................ 15

Figure 9:dc motor .......................................................................................................................... 16

Figure 10:bearing .......................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 11:spring ............................................................................................................................ 20

Figure 12:bolt and nut ................................................................................................................... 21

Figure 13:shaft holder ................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 14:firebase working principle ............................................................................................ 25

Figure 15:flow chart ...................................................................................................................... 26

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Figure 16:flow chart for mobile app ............................................................................................. 27

Figure 17:use case ......................................................................................................................... 30

Figure 18:circuit diagram for smart boom gate ............................................................................ 33

Figure 19:schema diagram for smart boom gate........................................................................... 33

Figure 20:Inner design for boom gate ........................................................................................... 34

Figure 21:Mechanical design for boom gate ................................................................................ 34

Figure 22:mechanical drawing ...................................................................................................... 35

Figure 23:prototype connection for smart boom gate ................................................................... 36

Figure 24: boom gate operations................................................................................................... 37

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 Lista of Table
Table 1:SW requirement ............................................................................................................................... 4

Table 2:HW specification .............................................................................................................................. 5

Table 3:pin connection ................................................................................................................................ 32

List of Acronyms
RFID ……radio frequency identification
DC………. direct current
MM………milli meter
CM………cent meter
DM………diameter

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 ABSTRACT

In our current country context organization gate are closed by chain or other
traditional ways. This gate is insecurity for organizations. This paper provides
solution for current security in organization gates considering the problem gathered
from the back ground detail of the country. The project method follows prototyping
model. The smart boom gate system for effective use of human resource and
maintain high security in organization gate. A boom gate is a point of entry to a
space enclosed by walls, or an opening in a fence. Smart boom gate is commonly
used nowadays at entrance, but in our country boom gate is not design. The boom
gates are design in foreign countries and imports into our country. The company
follows different own techniques for entrance, but the system is not secure and there
is wastage of time and resource to control their own gate of the system. This project
is to design and develop low cost boom gate system with high quality for different
company or sectors. The boom gate control will be able to works by push button,
mobile android, remote and also used Ultrasonic sensor to detect the motion. This
project used auto closed timer in the interval of 10 second and also have a backup
power using solar system. In this final year project work, we attempt to construct a
small and simple model of low-cost Boom Gate System, which uses a power motor,
circuitry and Arduino Microcontroller to control the gate.

Keywords: - smart, boom gate, ultrasonic, mobile app, recognition, Arduino, microcontroller

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 CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
BOOM GATE is a bar, or pole pivoted to allow the boom to block vehicular or pedestrian access
through a controlled point. Typically, the tip of a boom gate rises in a vertical arc to a near-vertical
position. Boom gates are often counterweighted, so the pole is easily tipped. [1] The project is to
design and develop the low-cost boom gate for different sectors. In the current situation of our
country boom gate is not design and grow in our country. We went to develop a boom gate by low
cost but the same quality of boom gates in the market.

The boom gate is used to control the security of entrance by using mechatronics. The boom gate
has used some sensors for safety and operating the portal. Operation using different ways such as
by using a push-button, remote, and mobile app. The primary user of our project is
UNIVERSITIES, HOTEL, GOVERNMENT OFFICES, etc. for a smartphone, it uses an android
programing language. The microcontroller does the integration of software and hardware
component is called Arduino.

There is different type of gate such as: -

1.Slide gates: - the gate slide by using gear or wheels. There are 2 types slide gate: -

a) “V Groove” rolling slide gate: it is common in commercial design. During

operation it slides to the left or the right. It is affected by obstacles like dust and ice buildup.

b) Cantilever Sliding Gate: have a counterbalance section where the gate posts hold the
roller trunk assemblies when in the closed and open positions.

2. Swing Gates: it is the same with doors it opens 90 degrees inwards or outward. The operation
is hydraulics or electromagnetic.

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3.Vertical lift gate: the vertical lift gate moves upward to open, rather than sideways or outward.
With the twin lifting columns, one each slide, the gate is raised above authorized vehicle pass
through it.

4.Vertical pivot lift gate: open the rotating upward at 90 degrees and it back to the original state.

5.Bi-Folding gates: it has two panel when it open moves to different position and back to central
point.

1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

Each company in our country use their gate, but it is not secured. The gates monitored by the
security guard. The boom gates came from foreign countries because of this; the user waits more
time to take the orders form importer. maintenances are not available widely. The company’s waste
their time and human resource to control their gates. The smart boom gates are expensive.

Each company in our country use their gate, but it is not secured. The gates monitored by the
security guard. The boom gates came from foreign countries because of this; the user waits more
time to take the orders form importer. maintenances are not available widely. The company's waste
their time and human resource to control their gates. The smart boom gates are expensive. When
in WSU currently they use a chain instead of the boom gate that causes an obstacle for cars.

1.3. OBJECTIVES

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

Propose SAMRT BOOM GATE in ETHIOPIA context

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

✓ Conversion of solar energy to electrical energy

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 ✓ To maintain high security for company’s
✓ Company’s Feeling safe about working environment
✓ Cost management and waste reduction due to time usage
✓ To reduce human resource
✓ To effective utilization of resources.
✓ To develop and maintain production quality with quantity.
✓ To apply the right amount of electrical energy at the right time by detecting sensitive
information from control unit.
✓ To use human resource effectively

1.4. Project over view

Project is organized with five chapters included where each chapter content to be discussed is
listed as follows

Chapter 1: Discusses the problem statement of the project and requirement specification for the

Development of the system

Chapter 2: Discusses the literature review (Related works survey), existing system and the

Proposed system detail is explained.

Chapter 3: Discusses the system design model and detail discussion about each block

Diagram and analysis. This chapter also describes the process of how overall

System works.

Chapter 4: Discuss the results and discussion of the project.

Chapter 5: Presents conclusion of the whole chapters and recommendations for the future

Work.

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1.5. Requirement analysis

The requirements of the project are categorized under hardware and software tools

required as follows.

1.5.1. Software Tools Required

Software tools used for this system development are all free as stated below

List no. SW tools required Specification Price

1 Operating system Windows 10 Free

2 IDE Arduino 1.8.8 Free

3 AutoCAD Free

4 Android app developer Mit App inventor Free

Table 1:SW requirement

1.5.2. Hardware Tools Required

List no Material list Specification Price

1 Arduino Uno r3 Uno r3 550

2 Bluetooth HC-05 350

3 Brushless DC motor 24V, 1.2kv and 1000- 8000

3000 rpm

4 Ultrasonic Hc-04 250

5 Relay One channel 150

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 6 IR receiver 1838B 50

7 Remote Car remote 150

8 Pushbutton any 200

9 Aluminum sheet One sheet 1300

10 Angle iron 50 mm 800

11 Sheet metal 1.1 mm 800

12 Shaft 50 diameter 600

13 Bearing any 2x560=1,120

14 Spring Helical Compression 4x300=1,200

15 Gear Pinon and ring gear 2x800=1,600

16 Connecting rod Plain carbon steel 450

17 Crank Plain carbon steel 1000

18 Bolt & nut any 35x10=350

19 Shaft holder Plain carbon steel 1000

20 Electrode any 250

Table 2:HW specification

1.6. METHODE

Gathering the data through primary and secondary data like:

• Interviewing peoples who worked on organization security.

• By questionnaires’ and schedules.
• Observing each and every back-draw of current system.

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 • Reading about boom gate checking impervious work on internet, books….
And also, for demo purpose we use our methods starting from use of the gathered
information to conclusion. Based on the problem statement, the project is proposed to
develop smart boom gate:

➢ Gathering information: our problem is a focused security aspect because of this; we went
to collect data by intervening with the stakeholders focused on company guards and
mangers. Next to we try to get information by watching, reading papers done before our
paper, and some rules and regulations deal with security.
➢ Modeling: Based on the information we have gathered through interviewing the problems
of the current boom gate system in our context designed the flow chart, system design,
and ER diagram for the project.
➢ Hardware and Software: hardware construction and software implementation with
Arduino and android software.

Evaluation and Conclusion: Based on the proposed system conclusion and evaluation of work
are done.

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Development process of the system

Figure 1:organization

1.7. Significance of the project

• Reduced costs and Maintain high security 1

• Time-consuming
• Power consuming
• Reduced costs increase safety
• Increase efficiency in terms of usage of human resource
• Accurate sensors and smart equipment increase for the sake of efficiency

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1.8. Scope and Limitation
Scope

The scope of this paper to develop a mobile app and hardware implementation. The project
contribution is received commands differently and display the output. This system also provides
high security in gates.

Limitation

Our system is affected by distance of remote and Bluetooth maximum it is goes up to 10 meters.
if the user accesses the system is near to the system.

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 CHAPTER TWO
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Existing Systems:
Some of the systems that have been implemented to make the smart Boom gate

used as literature survey.

Automatic Vehicle Gate Opener: this project uses electrical power and some electrical sensors
to open and close the gate by rotating the motor clockwise and anti-clockwise. t involves the design
and construction of the transmitter circuit (using an infrared LED) and transmitting at a frequency
of 30 kHz to 40 kHz. The receiver is a combination of an infrared receiver, a decoder IC to drive
the relay. the output of the driver is fed to an NPN transistor which inverts the input to the decade
counter CD4017 the output of the counting sequence fed to the transistor drivers which drives the
relay to move the motor clockwise and anticlockwise to open and close the gate. A scaled -down
prototype of the system was constructed on Vero-board and tested with a dc motor attached to the
gate. The contribution of this system is design automatic gate by low coast. This project is not
fully automated and rise question regarding security. [2]

Smart Gate Security: it is a mechatronics project. The gate accessed by using RFID tag when the
user scans their card the gate will be open after some time delay the gate automatically closed.
Additional it has wireless camera. A wireless camera uses the IP protocols instead of the typical
USB connection. This allows for the camera to be configured to write data to a central server. The
main contribution of this paper is use RFID and database for control the gate. The project cost is
high and the gate is accessed only by using one method. [3]

AUTO GATE SYSTEM FOR HOUSE: the main objective of this project is design and
development of low-cost gate. when we press the open button, a signal is sent to the main circuitry
board which then allows the current to pass-through to the gates motor causing the motor to run
and the gate open. Once the gate is fully open (depending on where resistant beam is located) the
motor stops running causing the gate to stop moving. When the close button is pressed the same

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thing happens but this time the motor run in the opposite direction, therefore causing the gate close.
this paper has gap regarding security and it is using more space because of sliding. [4]

AUTOMATED PARKING GATE CONTROLLER USING RASPBERRY PI: In this project

a new design for an automated parking gate system is presented. A Broadcom based SOC (system
on chip) is the brain of this system. This configuration reduces the human effort to open and to
close the parking gate and eliminates conventional physical devices such as knobs, button, and
clicker. Raspberry Pi is the system on chip used in this design with an Integrated Development
Environment and Python programming language. Ultrasonic and Infrared sensors are used to
detect the presence of an object and movement which help the SOC processor in making a decision.
As a security measure, the Wi-Fi enabled communication is used in the design and utilized in the
operation of the controller. [5]

Automatic Railway Gate Control System Using Microcontroller: the automatic railway gate
control system using PIC microcontroller for saving precious human lives and preventing major
disasters in railway track. Railway gate may be saved for the road users to prevent accidents in
terms of train speed at level crossing. This system uses PIC 16F877A microcontroller with the
help of sensors. It can divide into two parts. The first part is concern on the hardware development
where all electronic components have included. IR sensors, inductive sensors are the input
components while buzzer, light indicator, DC motor and LCD display are the output components.
These are controlled by the controller circuit. The microcontroller forms the main unit of the
system. It receives input signal from the sensors and sends information to the gate motor driver
for opening and closing the gate. Besides, the input signal will active LCD display and alarm and
indication light circuit was providing as additional part of this system. The first inductive sensor
and IR sensor are fixed at a certain distance from the gate and the second sensors are fixed at the
same certain distance after the gate. The gate is closed, when the train crosses the first IR sensor
and the gate is opened, when the train crosses the second IR sensor. This system deals about one
of the efficient methods to avoid train accidents. The second part is based on software
programming to operate the hardware structure. Program for railway gate control system is based
on PIC microcontroller with PIC basic Pro language.

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2.2 PROPOSED SOLUTION
The primary purpose of this project is to design and develop a smart gate system with a low cost.it
has a deal with high-security aspects by using sensors. In our smart boom gate, it has new futures
compare with an existing system. Some one passes the gate without permission it gives alert. We
use solar power for backup battery. It uses a mobile platform for operating the gate and the last
new future it has a security alarm between the arm the land when someone cross that area it gives
some alert.

It has other futures such as its operated by using push-button and remote, during the gate is closed
it face with an obstacle, it moves back in the opposite direction, and it is easy to maintenance
service.

We develop desktop app that is used to register the gusts how enter to the organization and if the
gusts do not leave the organization before dead line the app gives notification to the guards and
the guards register the equipment’s how have own by gusts. The desktop app generates the whole
day data saved by data base.

We use camera for plate number reorganization. If the plate number is register on the system the
gate is open automatically and additionally use for high security purpose. The other additional
future of our system is dead lock. During weekend and holidays the if the user set dead lock the
gate is closed until at the end of weekend or the end of set days.

Smart Boom gate

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 Figure 2:block diagram of boom gate

ARDUINO UNO-R3

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 20

digital input/output pins, 14 digital input and output pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz resonator, a

USB connection, a power jack, an in-circuit system programming (ICSP) header, and

a reset button. The ATMEGA 328P has 32kB of flash memory for storing code.

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 Figure 3:Arduino uno

Relay module

A relay is electrically operated switch. Relays have multiple operating principle most use
electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch. It is used where it is necessary to control a circuit
by a separate low power signal, or where several circuit must be controlled by one signal.

Figure 4:relay

Bluetooth module

It is use to communicate microcontroller any device with Bluetooth functionality. The module
communicates by the help of USART at 9600 baud rate it is easy to interface with any
microcontroller supports USART. The operational voltage of the module is 4v to 6v and
operational current is 30mA.

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Figure 5:Blutooth

Ultrasonic sensor

It uses for measuring distance or sensing objects and required. The module has two eyes in the
front which from the ultrasonic Transmitter and Receiver. The operation voltage is +5v, theoretical
measuring distance 2cm-450cm and particular measuring distance 2cm-80cm.

Figure 6:Ultrasonic sensor

Infrared Receiver

An infrared receiver is used in an IR system to control and operate devices by sending signals. It
controls to another device by receiving and decoding signals.in general the receiver outputs a code
to uniquely identify the infrared signal that it receives.

Figure 7:IR receiver

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Remote

In electronics, a remote control or clicker is an electronic device used to operate another device
from a distance, usually wirelessly.

Figure 8:Remote

Pushbutton

It is act as switch. It is use to on/off purpose.

DC motor

Forwarded reverse DC electric motor (FR motors also known as electronically commutated motors
are synchronous motors powered by DC electricity via an inverter/ switching power

supply which produces an AC/ bi-directional electric current to drive each phase of the motor via
a closed loop controller. The motor structural elements of a brush less motor system are typically
permanent magnet synchronous motor, but can also be a switched reluctance motor, or induction
motor.

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Figure 9:dc motor

Design calculation

design equations for the armature winding are as 𝑉𝑎 = 𝑅𝑖𝑎 + 𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑎/𝑑𝑡 (1)

𝑉𝑏 = 𝑅𝑖𝑏 + 𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑏/𝑑𝑡 (2)

𝑉𝑐 = 𝑅𝑖𝑐 + 𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑐/𝑑t (3)

Where L-armature self-induction in [H]

R-armature resistance in [Ω]

Va, Vb, Vc –terminal phase voltage in [V]

ia, ib, ic-motor input current in [A]

ea, eb, ec-motor back-Emf in [V]

Back-Emf of each phase has a phase difference of 120 electrical degrees and back- Emf and rotor
condition are related Via some performance. Equation of each phase for

back-Emf is as attend: -𝑒a= (𝜃𝑒) 𝜔 (4)

𝑒b= (𝜃𝑒 − 2𝜋/3) (5)

𝑒c= (𝜃𝑒+2𝜋/3) (6)

Where Kw=back-Emf constant of one phase [V/rads-1] 𝜃𝑒 -rotor angle in electrical degree

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ω- Rotor speed [rads-1]

Rotor angel electrical [𝜃e] and Rotor angle mechanical [𝜃m] are related as: -𝜃𝑒 = 𝑃/2𝜃𝑚 (7)

Where P is the no of poles on rotor. Thus the total electromagnetic torque Te in N-M can be
expressed as follows: -𝑇e = (𝑒𝑎𝑖𝑎+𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑏+𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑐)/ 𝜔 (8)

The mechanical torque transferred to the motor shaft: -𝑇𝑒 − 𝑇𝑙= 𝐽𝑑𝑤/𝑑𝑡+ 𝐵𝜔 (9)

Where Tl = load torque [N-M]

J= inertia of the rotor shaft [Kgm2]

B = friction constant [Nms.rads-1]

According tour design calculation we select 24 v, 1.2 kw or 1.5 HP (horse power) and 1000-3000
rpm (rotation per minute)

Aluminum sheet

Design analysis

It is rectangular shape

Material selection: we have selected aluminum materials based on the following properties: -

1. Low density ρ=2.17 𝑔/Cm3

2. Higher electrical conductivity
3. Good corrosion resistance
4. Malleability and ductility
5. The surface of aluminum is covered with a thin layer of oxide that helps to protected the
metal from attracted by the air.
Design calculation

To find the mass weight of the 3000mm the aluminum element

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ρ=m/v m= ρ*v

v=l*w*h

v=3000*10*40

v=1.2 x 106 𝑚𝑚3 = 1.2 x103 𝑐𝑚3

m= 2.17 𝑔/Cm3 *1.2 x103 𝑐𝑚3

= 2604g it converts to kg 2604/1000 = 2.604 kg

Solid Shaft

material selection: - we have selected the plain carbon steel material based on the following: -

1. Great formality and ductility.

2. Good tensile and yield strength.
3. Good thermal conductivity.
4. Resistance to corrosion.
Design calculation
L=300mm
D= 50
𝜋
T= l*𝑑3
16
𝜋
16
300*(50)3

T=7,359,375Nmm is converts to KN per meter T= 7.36knm

P= mechanical power
N= revolution per minute
T= shaft torque
P=2Πnt
2π*1000*7.36

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 =46244.243KNM is converted to kilowatt 46.24KW

Bearing

We select plain carbon steel. It is cylindrical rolling contact bearing. our bearing diameter is 50mm.
steel boles interposed between moving element and fixed elements.

Figure 10:bearing

Helical Compression spring

Helical compression spring have advantages those are: -

1. Easy to manufacture.
2. Available in wide range.
3. Are reliable.
4. Have constant spring rate.
5. Their performance can be predicted more accurately.
6. Their characteristics can be varied by changing dimensions.
Design calculation
8𝑤𝑑
τ=k* τ= maximum shear stress induced in the wire = τd*f*s
𝜋𝑑3

k= Wahl’s stress factor

4𝑐−1 0.015
+
4𝑐−4 𝑐

C= spring index c=D/d

d= diameter of spring wire

D= minimum diameter of spring

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 D=Di + d

W= axle load on the spring

𝜋𝐷𝑖 2
Pmax*
4

Di= internal diameter of pipe

Pmax= maximum applied pressure

𝐺𝑑𝜎
Number of active turns n=
8𝜔𝑐 2

Total number of coils= active coil + passive coil

Solid length (LS)= d*nt

Free length (LF)= solid length + total axial gap 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥

Figure 11:spring

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Bolt and nut

Bolts are often used to make a bolted joint. This is a combination of the nut applying an axial
clamping force and also the shank of the bolt acting as a dowel, pinning the joint against sideways
shear forces. For this reason, many bolts have a plain unthreaded shank (called the grip length) as
this makes for a better, stronger dowel. The presence of the unthreaded shank has often been given
as characteristic of bolts vs. screws, but this is incidental to its use, rather than defining.

Figure 12:bolt and nut

Design calculation for bolt

𝜋
F= *𝐷2 *Pmax
4

𝜋
F= *𝑑𝑐 2 *𝜎𝑡 ∗ 𝑛
4

𝜎𝑡 = permissible tensile stress

dc = core diameter of the bolt

n = number of bolt

4𝐹
dc=√
𝜋∗𝜎𝑡∗𝑛

Connecting rod

A connecting rod, also called a con rod, is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to
the crankshaft. Together with the crank. Our connecting rod diameter is 15 cm and the length is
30cm. it is manufactured by us.

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Shaft holder

It is used to support our shaft holder and it is 20 cm width and it diameter is 50mm.it
is manufactured from plain carbon steel.

Figure 13:shaft holder

2.3. FEASIBILITY
Smart boom gate, although proven successful in developed countries, Ethiopia is

still in primitive stage. Technological advancements in the area are the best solution for improving
security in gates.

Technically:

Since we use accurate sensing materials the necessary data are gathered in technical way due to
this controlling of gate status and check their security is also technically feasible. The smart boom
gate management and running costs comparing with the previous monitoring system.

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Economically (Real life implementation)

in 3our university gate controlled by more than 3 guards. Let The salary one guard 2500 ETB in one shift
it has 4 guards the total salary one shift is 10,000 ETB. there are two shifts in working times the total cost
per month is 20,000 ETB. In our system maximum we use two guards in one shift the total cost of guards
is 10,000 ETB per month. It has reduced the cost by half and it save human resource.

Operationally feasible

Currently our university gate access near to 1 minutes. In our new system it accessed below 5
seconds. due to this the problem solvation for backward gate system have highest priority. The
system implementation is easily adaptable by the user or users to use it effectively and efficiently.

Most of the user’s requirement including high security and easy operations has fulfilled by the
proposed system.

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 CHAPTER THREE
3.SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN
3.1 REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

3.1.1 Functional Requirement

- The gate is open during press the push button.

- The gate also opens by mobile application.
- The gate also opens by remote control.
- The system shall allow the user to login using his own user id and password.
- During opening the gate, the its response by led on.
- When across the gate without permission it gives alert.

3.1.2 Non-Functional Requirement

- Sometimes The push button does not pass appropriate command for microprocessor.
- The system shall be maintainable whenever faller occur.
- The system shall provide high security over the compound due to the use of motion sensing
cameras.
- The system shall be usable within a few minutes training.

Database

Database used for the system to store the real time data that is gathered from the field with sensors
is Firebase. Firebase Real time for android plat and web plat store and sync data with NoSQL
cloud database. Data is synced across all clients in real time, and remains available when ever app
goes offline.

The Firebase Real Time Database is a cloud-hosted database. Data is stored as JSON and
synchronized in real time to every connected client. When we build cross-platform apps with our
iOS, Android, and JavaScript SDKs, all of our clients share one real time Database.

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Figure 14:firebase working principle

25
3.2.3 Flow chart diagram

Figure 15:flow chart

26
Android Application for control the gate

Figure 16:flow chart for mobile app

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3.2. Algorithms and Pseudo Code

Smart boom gate system

Step 1: start process

Step 2: Initialize power is supplied to microcontroller and sensors.

Step 3: send command to microcontroller

Step 4: decode the signals

Step 5: the command is open the gate it opens.

Step 6: the command is close the gate it closed.

Step 7: After the process completed, it moves to original state.

Step 8: Stop the process

If process is start

Initialized microcontroller and sensors

If process == open command

Open the gate

Else

Gate is closed

End if

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Smart boom gate with android

Step 1: Start.

Step 1: Initialize the android app.

Step 2: User authentication.

Step 3: If the user is authenticated direct access to android main page

Step 4: If so, connect with Bluetooth to microcontroller.

Step 5: send open command via Bluetooth.

Step 6: end

Get Username Get Password

IF FILE EXIST THEN

READ Password FROM FILE

IF FILE. Password == Entered Password

Login successful

Send command == open gate

Print “gate is open successfully”

ELSE

PRINT “incorrect Username or password “

END IF

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3.3. Use case diagram

Figure 17:use case

3.4. Circuit diagram and Schematic Diagram

Servo motor Arduino wiring color for circuit &

schematic diagram
VCC 5v Red
GND GND Black
Data Pin 10 Yellow

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Bluetooth Arduino wiring color for circuit &
schematic diagram
VCC 5v Red
GND GND Black
TX Pin 2 Blue
RX Pin 3 Brawn

LED Arduino wiring color for circuit &

schematic diagram
Data Pin 13 Orange
GND GND Black

Push Button Arduino wiring color for circuit &

schematic diagram
GND GND Black
VCC 5v Red
Data Pin 8 Green

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 IR Arduino wiring color for circuit &
schematic diagram
GND GND Black
VCC 5v Red
Data Pin 10 Pink

ULTRASONIC Arduino wiring color for circuit &

schematic diagram
GND GND Black
VCC 5v Red
Trig Pin 6 Cyan
Eco Pin 7 Grey

Buzzer Arduino wiring color for circuit &

schematic diagram
GND GND Black
Data Pin 4 Ochre

Table 3:pin connection

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3.4.1. Circuit diagram

Figure 18:circuit diagram for smart boom gate

3.4.2. Schematic Diagram

Figure 19:schema diagram for smart boom gate

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3.5. Mechanical design and Drawing
3.5.1 Mechanical Design

Figure 20:Inner design for boom gate

Figure 21:Mechanical design for boom gate

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3.5.2. Mechanical Drawing

Figure 22:mechanical drawing

35
 CHAPTER FOUR
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Discussion

When the user holds the pushbutton, the gate will be open until removing the hands from
pushbutton it closes the gate. when we using the mobile app first, user log in by their own username
and password then it gets the control panel of the gate, it has two choices the first is connect the
mobile with the system via Bluetooth the other one is open and closed gate panel. The user gives
open command for the gate it will be open and it closed the gate after some delay. It also controls
by remote if press the open button it will be open and closed after some delay, if someone enter
with out permission it gives alarm.

Figure 23:prototype connection for smart boom gate

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 4.2 Result
Some result from smart boom gate

Figure 24: boom gate operations

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 CHAPTER FIVE
5. CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1. Conclusion

The project proposes a smart boom gate the system receives the input from sensors and it delivers
microcontroller where the gate is open and closed. The sensor input is transmitted serially to
Arduino UNO which is processor employed for predicting the gate condition trained data set.

Smart Boom gate refers to all such type, whether it have single application or as integrated solution
that are used to smart process. Gate operation, maintain high security, easy to operation and reduce
human resource.

The Smart boom gate is primarily driven by growing need for effective solutions in various
domestic applications such as usability, safety and security, effective use of human resource. The
growing awareness about wireless technologies and the various developments related to the
integration of wired and wireless technologies is expected to propel the Smart boom gate is leading
technology in future.

38
 REFERANCE
[1]. Chaudhuri, Monalisa (2018-07-02). "Boom barrier to jaywalking" [online] Available:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boom_barrier [Accessed nov-3-2019].

[2]. Abu kebiru, “Design and Development of an Automatic Vehicle Gate Opener.” IOSR Journal of
Engineering (IOSRJEN), vol. 07, no. 11, 2017, pp. 12-17.

[3]. Trevor et al. ((2015), “Smart Gate Security” April final year project submitted to the department of
electrical and computer engineering, Michigan state University

[4]. C.K. Primus, et al. (2015), “AUTO GATE SYSTEM FOR HOUSE”, December final year project
submitted to Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang

[5]. Shoewu. O. and Segun O. (2013),” Design and implementation of a microcontroller based Automatic
gate” African journal of computing & ICT. vol. No.1, March.

[6]. P. A. Adewuyi, M. O. Okelola, and A. O. Jemilehin, "PIC based model of an intelligent gate controller,"
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, vol. 2, pp. 601-605, 2013.

[7]. A. M. Zungeru and P. O. Abraham-Attah, "A Digital Automatic Sliding Door with a Room Light
Control System," arXiv preprint arXiv:1303.1728, 2013.

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