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Lecture - Telecommunication Network Model and Types

This document discusses telecommunication networks and their components. It describes the basic components of data communication as the message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, and protocols. It then covers transmission modes, network topologies including bus, star, ring, tree and hybrid, and network technologies categorized by geographic coverage such as LAN, WAN, and MAN. Finally, it discusses circuit switching, store and forward switching, message switching, packet switching including datagram and virtual circuit switching, and compares their characteristics.

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MOHAMMED FAYEZ KHAN
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39 views19 pages

Lecture - Telecommunication Network Model and Types

This document discusses telecommunication networks and their components. It describes the basic components of data communication as the message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, and protocols. It then covers transmission modes, network topologies including bus, star, ring, tree and hybrid, and network technologies categorized by geographic coverage such as LAN, WAN, and MAN. Finally, it discusses circuit switching, store and forward switching, message switching, packet switching including datagram and virtual circuit switching, and compares their characteristics.

Uploaded by

MOHAMMED FAYEZ KHAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Telecommunication Networks

15B11EC611

Dr. Bhagirath Sahu


Assistant Professor, JIIT, Noida
LECTURE: 02
TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK:
MODEL & TYPES
Telecommunication:
Means communication at a distance (telephony, telegraphy,
television etc)

Data communications:
Exchange of data between two devices via some form of
transmission media

Components of data communications:


It contains 5 basic components →
1. Message: text, numbers, pictures, audio, video
2. Sender: computer, telephone handset, video camera, etc
3. Receiver
Components of data communications:

4. Transmission medium: twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fibre-optic cable,


and radio waves
5. Protocols: Set of rules that govern data communications.
without a protocol, two devices may be connected but not
communicating
Transmission Mode / Data Flow:
Communication between two
devices can be
1. Simplex
2. Half-duplex
3. Full-duplex
Network Topology
For exchanging the information, computers need to be connected,

→but connecting every computer to other computer using point-to-point


links (mesh connectivity)

→is neither cost effective and not scalable.

Hence, we require Flexible


interconnection Topology
1. Bus
2. Star
3. Ring
4. Tree
5. Hybrid
Bus topology
Advantages:
1. single communication line or cable
2. failure of a device does not affect the other devices

Disadvantage:
1. May have problem while multiple hosts sending data at the same
time.
2. failure of the shared communication line can make all other devices
stop functioning
Star topology
All hosts in Star topology are connected to a central device, known as hub
device (repeater/ switch/ router)

Advantage:
1. configuration is simple
2. Cost effective
Disadvantage:
1. If hub fails, connectivity of all hosts to all other hosts fails.
Ring topology

Advantage:
To connect one more host in the existing structure, the administrator may need
only one more extra cable.

Disadvantage:
Failure of any host results in failure of the whole ring.
Tree topology
This topology divides the network in to multiple levels/layers of network.
1. Lowermost is access-layer where computers are attached.
2. Middle layer is known as distribution layer
3. highest layer is known as core layer, and is central point of the
network
Hybrid topology
Network Technologies
Usually categorized based on geographic coverage

1. LAN (Local Area Network): in a single office, building, or a campus


2. WAN (Wide Area Network): country, a continent
3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Size between LAN and WAN
(Example: a city)
Switched Data Networks (based on two basic switching technologies)

Circuit switching Store and forward switching

Message switching Packet switching

Datagram switching
Virtual circuit packet switching
Circuit switching

•End system-to-end system physical path is established


•Data units are exchanged on this path
Store and forward switching

1. Data unit received by a node is stored, put in a queue and forwarded to


the next node when it turn comes.
2. End-to-end physical path is not established.

There are two types of store and forward networks


-Message switching
-Packet switching
Message switching

1. Full message is stored & forwarded in by network node


2. Each message carries destination and source addresses
3. Each node has a forwarding table
4. There is significant delivery delay
5. Message switching is obsolete now
Packet switching

1. Message is broken into smaller chunks of data packets


2. A packet is transmitted across the network as independent entity.
3. Packetization reduces delivery delay
4. All data network today are based on packet switching
Packet switching networks are of two types
-- Datagram switching (connectionless)
-- Virtual circuit packet switching (connection-oriented)
S.No. Virtual Circuits Datagram Networks
1 connection-oriented → reservation of connectionless service → no need for
resources like buffers, bandwidth, etc. for reservation of resources as there is no
the time used by a data transfer session dedicated path
2 uses a fixed path for a particular session, It is a true packet switched network.
after which it breaks the connection There is no fixed path
3 All the packets follow the same path and Every packet is free to choose any
hence a global header is required only for path, and hence all the packets must
the first packet of connection be associated with a header
4 Packets reach in order to the destination packets reach in random order
as data follows the same path.
5 highly reliable not as reliable as Virtual Circuits
6 Implementation of virtual circuits is easy and cost-efficient
costly as each time a new connection has
to be set up with reservation of resources
7 It is used by the ATM (Asynchronous Its is generally used the IP network,
Transfer Mode) Network, which is used which is used for Data services like
for the Telephone calls. Internet.

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