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Telecommunication Networks 15B11EC611: Dr. Bhagirath Sahu Assistant Professor, JIIT, Noida

The document discusses the seven-layer OSI model for computer networking. It describes each layer's key responsibilities, including moving bits at the physical layer, framing and error control at the data link layer, routing at the network layer, transporting data reliably end-to-end at the transport layer, managing sessions at the session layer, dealing with syntax and semantics at the presentation layer, and supporting applications at the application layer. The OSI model provides a standard approach for ensuring interoperability between different computer systems.

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MOHAMMED FAYEZ KHAN
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90 views15 pages

Telecommunication Networks 15B11EC611: Dr. Bhagirath Sahu Assistant Professor, JIIT, Noida

The document discusses the seven-layer OSI model for computer networking. It describes each layer's key responsibilities, including moving bits at the physical layer, framing and error control at the data link layer, routing at the network layer, transporting data reliably end-to-end at the transport layer, managing sessions at the session layer, dealing with syntax and semantics at the presentation layer, and supporting applications at the application layer. The OSI model provides a standard approach for ensuring interoperability between different computer systems.

Uploaded by

MOHAMMED FAYEZ KHAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Telecommunication Networks

15B11EC611

Dr. Bhagirath Sahu


Assistant Professor, JIIT, Noida
THE OSI MODEL

 This PPT is containing the discussion of OSI Model.

 Kindly refer page number 29 to 42 of the Book_1_Data-Communications-


and-Networking - By Forouzan for detailed discussion.
THE OSI MODEL
• Rapid growth of computer networks caused compatibility
problems
• ISO recognized the problem and released the OSI model in 1970s
• OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection and consists of 7
Layers
• An open system is a set of protocols that allows any two different
systems to communicate regardless of their underlying
architecture.
• The use of layers is designed to reduce complexity and make
standardization easier
• Note:
 ISO is the organization.
 OSI is the model.
• The OSI model is not a protocol; it is a model for understanding
and designing a network architecture that is flexible, robust, and
interoperable.
Seven layers of the OSI model
Exchange using OSI Model
OSI Model – Layered Architecture
Physical layer

physical
connection

 Responsible for movements of bits from one node to the next.


 Type of transmission medium (twisted-pair, coax, optical fiber, air).
 Representation of bits: bits must be encoded into signals--electrical or optical.
 Data rate: The transmission rate-the number of bits sent each second.
 Synchronization of bits: sender and the receiver clocks must be
synchronized.
 Physical topology: The physical topology defines how devices are connected
to make a network. (mesh, star, ring, bus, hybrid)
 Transmission mode: The physical layer also defines the direction of
transmission between two devices: simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex.
Data Link layer
logical
connection

 Responsible for moving frames from one node to the next.


 Framing: divides the stream of bits into frames.
 Physical addressing: If frames are to be distributed to different systems on the
network, the data link layer adds a header to the frame to define the sender
and/or receiver of the frame.
 Flow control: imposes a flow control mechanism to avoid overwhelming the
receiver.
 Error control: mechanisms to detect and retransmit damaged or lost
frames.
 Access control: to determine which device has control over the link at any
given time.
OSI Model

Network Layer
Implements routing of frames (packets) through
the network.- ROUTING
Defines the most optimum path the packet should
take from the source to the destination.
Defines logical addressing so that any endpoint
can be identified. –IP addressing
Handles congestion in the network.
Facilitates interconnection between heterogeneous
networks (Internetworking).

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Transport Layer
Process to Process delivery of data.
Service Point addressing—Port address
Ensures that the data units are delivered error
free.—Error control end to end
Ensures that data units are delivered in sequence.
Ensures that there is no loss or duplication of data
units.—Flow control end to end
Provides connectionless or connection oriented
service.

10
OSI Model

Session Layer
Dialog control: Session layer provides mechanism for
controlling the dialogue between the two end system
processes. It defines how to start, control and end
conversations (called sessions) between applications.
This layer provides services like dialogue discipline
which can be full duplex or half duplex.

Synchronization: Session layer can also provide check-


pointing mechanism such that if a failure of some sort
occurs between checkpoints, all data can be
retransmitted from the last checkpoint.

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OSI Model

Presentation Layer

Deals with syntax and semantics mismatch.


Presentation layer defines the format in which the
data is to be exchanged between the two
communicating entities. --Encoding format
Also handles data compression and data
encryption (cryptography).

12
OSI Model

Application Layer

Application layer interacts with application


programs and is the highest level of OSI model.
Virtual network terminal: Allows user to remote
login.
Application layer contains management functions
to support distributed applications.
Examples of application layer are applications
such as file transfer, electronic mail, remote login
etc.

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Summary of OSI Layers

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