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Ch. 6 Vector Analysis - Vector Calculus

This document discusses vector calculus and applications. It introduces vector algebra, differentiation and integration of vectors, and applications like work, torque, and angular velocity. It also covers triple products and their applications to torque. Other topics include differentiation of vectors, vector fields, directional derivatives, and gradients. Examples are provided for concepts like force, electric fields, and Laplace's equation. Formulas are given for del operators in cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems.

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178 views8 pages

Ch. 6 Vector Analysis - Vector Calculus

This document discusses vector calculus and applications. It introduces vector algebra, differentiation and integration of vectors, and applications like work, torque, and angular velocity. It also covers triple products and their applications to torque. Other topics include differentiation of vectors, vector fields, directional derivatives, and gradients. Examples are provided for concepts like force, electric fields, and Laplace's equation. Formulas are given for del operators in cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems.

Uploaded by

23 1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ch.

6 Vector Analysis - Vector calculus


6.1 Introduction
vector algebra - 3.4, 3.5
vector calculus - differentiation and integration

ex) Newton’s 2nd law

Gauss law in electricity

6.2 Applications of vector multiplication


scalar product

ex) Work

vector product

ex) Torque

ex) Angular velocity


6.3 Triple products
6.3.1 Triple scalar product

Geometrical interpretation

Determinant form

6.3.2 Applications of the triple scalar product


the torque about the point O

the torque of about the line L through O


(1) the torque of F about the z axis by elementary methods –>

(2) by definition

6.3.3 Triple vector product

( )

6.3.4 Applications of the triple vector product


Angular momentum
centripetal acceleration

6.4 Differentiation of vectors


If is function of , then

ex)

Plane polar coordinate

, ; const. in magnitude and direction

, ; const. in magnitude but direction changes

Differentiating and with respect to t,

ex) Given where , , find

6.5 Fields;the region and the value of the physical


quantity in the region
, ,

ex) Gravitational potential energy near the earth


"contour line " "equipotential"

ex) equipotential of the electric field, isothermals of the temperature

6.6 Directional derivative; Gradient


Suppose that we know the temperature at every point of a room.

Define

the direction in which has its largest value; this is physically the direction from which
heat flows

In what direction does the hill slope downward most steeply from this point?”

the general problem of finding a directional derivative

Given a scalar field

Given point

Given direction ,
where

ex) Find the directional of at in the direction

Geometrical meaning of the gradient

ex) Force and Electric field

ex)

direction of
tangent line

In cylindrical coordinate system

In spherical coordinate system

6.7 Some other expressions involving


vector oprator & scalar operator

A first order derivative

A second order derivative


ex) Laplace equation

Wave equation

diffusion equation , heat conduction, Schrodinger equation

ex)

In Chapter 10, Section 9, we will derive the formulas for and in cylindrical
and spherical coordinates.

In cylindrical coordinates (or polar by omitting the term):

In spherical coordinates:

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