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    Electric Machines EEE371 Lab Report # 6: Osama Afzal

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    Souban Javed
    1) The student performed a lab experiment on a three-phase transformer with different primary and secondary connections including delta-star, star-star, star-delta, and delta-delta. 2) Key observations included that the phase and line voltages were equal for delta connections but different for star connections. 3) The goal of the experiment was to understand the differences between line and phase voltages for different transformer connections and when each type of connection would be useful.

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    Electric Machines EEE371 Lab Report # 6: Osama Afzal

    Uploaded by

    Souban Javed
    27 views11 pages
    1) The student performed a lab experiment on a three-phase transformer with different primary and secondary connections including delta-star, star-star, star-delta, and delta-delta. 2) Key observations included that the phase and line voltages were equal for delta connections but different for star connections. 3) The goal of the experiment was to understand the differences between line and phase voltages for different transformer connections and when each type of connection would be useful.

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    1) The student performed a lab experiment on a three-phase transformer with different primary and secondary connections including delta-star, star-star, star-delta, and delta-delta. 2) Key observations included that the phase and line voltages were equal for delta connections but different for star connections. 3) The goal of the experiment was to understand the differences between line and phase voltages for different transformer connections and when each type of connection would be useful.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views11 pages

    Electric Machines EEE371 Lab Report # 6: Osama Afzal

    Uploaded by

    Souban Javed
    1) The student performed a lab experiment on a three-phase transformer with different primary and secondary connections including delta-star, star-star, star-delta, and delta-delta. 2) Key observations included that the phase and line voltages were equal for delta connections but different for star connections. 3) The goal of the experiment was to understand the differences between line and phase voltages for different transformer connections and when each type of connection would be useful.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Electric Machines

    EEE371
    Lab Report # 6

    Name Osama Afzal

    Registration Number FA19-BEE-170

    Class BEE-6C

    Instructor’s Name Sir Adeel Iqbal


    Lab # 6: Three-phase transformer: star and delta
    transformation

    Objectives
     Familiarization with three phase transformer trainer and its connections
     To derive the voltage and phase relationships of commonly used three phase transformer
    connections.

    Pre Lab

    Background Theory
    Every three-phase device (e.g. transformers, generators or motors) has elements or windings that
    can be segregated into three divisions. It is usual to describe each division as a phase. The two
    usual ways of connecting the three divisions are known as star and delta. Figure 6.1 shows the
    two connections.

    Figure 6. 1

    The term Vline refers to the line voltage, that is, the voltage between any two lines of a three phase
    system. The term Vphase refers to the phase voltage, that is, the voltage between a line and a
    common reference potential (generally neutral). However, this should be regarded with care as it
    can also be used to mean the voltage across the winding or windings associated with one phase.
    Delta connected windings
    It can clearly be seen from Figure 6.2(a) that for the delta connected system the phase voltage is
    the same as the line voltage. Hence:

    Vphase = Vline

    Figure 6. 2

    This is demonstrated in Figure 6.2. Figure 6.2(a) shows how the voltages in the windings sum to
    zero. Figure 6.2(b) shows the three voltages as separate phasors, symmetrically spaced at 120 o to
    each other. Note there is no neutral point.

    Star connected windings


    Consider the voltages in the system. From Figure 6.1(b), it is apparent that each line voltage is
    the phasor difference of two of the phase voltages. That is, the line voltage V AB is obtained by
    subtracting VB from VA. Figure 6.3 shows the phasor diagram for the voltages in the star
    connected system.
    Figure 6. 3

    From this the relationship between the phase and the line voltages can be calculated.

    Pre Lab Tasks


    1. How to calculate Vp and VL with meter?
    ANSWER: Wattmeter is used to measure the line and phase voltages directly. To calculate
    the phase voltage one knob of the wattmeter is placed across a line of the three-phase
    transformer and the other one at the neutral (common ground). Whereas for line voltage
    both the knobs are placed across any two lines of a three phase system.

    2. What is the line voltage in a delta connected winding rated at Vphase = 230V?
    ANSWER: As Vphase=Vline in delta connected windings so line voltage will also be 230V

    3. What is the line voltage in a star connected winding rated at Vphase = 230V?
    ANSWER: As Vline=1.732*Vphase in star connected windings so line voltage will be equal
    to 398.37V.

    4. Which voltages are greater? VP or VL?


    ANSWER: Voltage VL is greater from the following relationship: Vline=1.73*Vphase
    In Lab Tasks

    Lab Task 1: Delta-star connected transformer


    1. Ensure that the Universal Power Supply 60-105 is switched off.
    2. Make the connections shown in Figure 6.4.
    3. If virtual instrumentation is being used, set the 250 V/500 V range switch for the V1
    channel to ‘500 V’ and for the V2 channel to ‘250 V’ on the Multichannel I/O Unit 68-
    500. This allows appropriate voltages to be monitored when the ‘500 V/250 V’ sockets
    are connected.
    4. On the Universal Power Supply 60-105 , ensure the ‘variable output voltage’ control is
    set to 0% then set the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’ to the on position.
    5. Turn the dial on the power supply so that a voltage of 400V is indicated on the primary
    virtual or conventional instrumentation V1.
    6. Record the primary line voltage V1, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.1, Results
    Table. Note for a delta-connected primary, the phase and line voltages are the same.
    7. Record the secondary phase voltage and secondary line voltage as read on virtual or
    conventional instrumentation V2, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.1, Results
    Table.
    8. Turn the ‘variable output voltage’ control to 0% on the Universal Power Supply 60-105
    and then switch off the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’.

    Figure 6. 4 Circuit Diagram of Delta-star


    Practical 6.1 Results Table

    Lab Task 2: Star-star connected transformer


    1. Ensure that the Universal Power Supply 60-105 is switched off.

    2. Make the connections shown in Figure 6.5.

    3. If virtual instrumentation is being used, set the 250 V/500 V range switch for the V1 channel
    to ‘500 V’ and for the V2 channel to ‘250 V’ on the Multichannel I/O Unit 68-500. This
    allows appropriate voltages to be monitored when the ‘500 V/250 V’ sockets are connected.

    4. On the Universal Power Supply 60-105 , ensure the ‘variable output voltage’ control is set to
    0% then set the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’ to the on position.

    5. Turn the dial on the power supply so that a voltage of 400V is indicated on the primary
    virtual or conventional instrumentation V1.

    6. Record the primary line voltage V1, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.2, Results Table.

    7. Record the secondary phase voltage and secondary line voltage as read on virtual or
    conventional instrumentation V2, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.2, Results Table.

    8. Turn the ‘variable output voltage’ control to 0% on the Universal Power Supply 60-105 and
    then switch off the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’.
    Figure 6. 5 Circuit Diagram of Star-Star

    Practical 6.2 Results Table

    Lab Task 3: Star-delta connected transformer


    1. Ensure that the Universal Power Supply 60-105 is switched off.
    2. Make the connections shown in Figure 6.6.

    3. If virtual instrumentation is being used, set the 250 V/500 V range switch for the V1 channel
    to ‘500 V’ and for the V2 channel to ‘250 V’ on the Multichannel I/O Unit 68-500. This
    allows appropriate voltages to be monitored when the ‘500 V/250 V’ sockets are connected.

    4. On the Universal Power Supply 60-105 , ensure the ‘variable output voltage’ control is set to
    0% then set the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’ to the on position.

    5. Turn the dial on the power supply so that a voltage of 400V is indicated on the primary
    virtual or conventional instrumentation V1.

    6. Record the primary line voltage V1, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.3, Results Table.

    7. Record the secondary phase voltage and secondary line voltage as read on virtual or
    conventional instrumentation V2, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.3, Results Table.

    8. Turn the ‘variable output voltage’ control to 0% on the Universal Power Supply 60-105 and
    then switch off the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’.
    Figure 6. 6 Circuit Diagram of Star-delta

    Practical 6.3 Results Table

    Lab Task 4: Delta-delta connected transformer


    1. Ensure that the Universal Power Supply 60-105 is switched off.

    2. Make the connections shown in Figure 6.7.

    3. If virtual instrumentation is being used, set the 250 V/500 V range switch for the V1 channel
    to ‘500 V’ and for the V2 channel to ‘250 V’ on the Multichannel I/O Unit 68-500. This
    allows appropriate voltages to be monitored when the ‘500 V/250 V’ sockets are connected.

    4. On the Universal Power Supply 60-105 , ensure the ‘variable output voltage’ control is set to
    0% then set the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’ to the on position.

    5. Turn the dial on the power supply so that a voltage of 400V is indicated on the primary
    virtual or conventional instrumentation V1.

    6. Record the primary line voltage V1, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.4, Results Table.

    7. Record the secondary phase voltage and secondary line voltage as read on virtual or
    conventional instrumentation V2, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.4, Results Table.

    8. Turn the ‘variable output voltage’ control to 0% on the Universal Power Supply 60-105 and
    then switch off the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’.
    Figure 6. 7 Circuit Diagram of Delta-Delta

    Practical 6.4 Results Table


    Critical Analysis/Conclusion
    In this lab, we worked with three-phase transformers. For the first task, we made a delta-
    star connection in which the primary side was delta-connected and the secondary was
    star-connected. We observed that the phase and line voltages on primary side were equal
    but different on the star-connected side. For the second task, we made a star-connected
    primary and a star-connected secondary too. We observed that both the line and phase
    voltages were different on the primary side as well as the secondary side. For the third
    task, we made a star-connected primary and a delta-connected secondary. Our results
    showed us that the line and phase voltage on the primary side were different but same on
    the secondary side. Moreover, for the last task we made a delta-connected primary and a
    delta-connected secondary and observed that both the line and phase voltages were equal
    on the primary side as well as the secondary side.
    The reason for making all the different types of connections was to get the idea of
    difference between line and phase voltages of the type of connections and in what
    conditions that type of connection would be useful.

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