10

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Mutually and Non-Mutually
Exclusive Events
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Mutually and Non- Mutually Exclusive Events
First Edition, 2021

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Management Team:
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 10

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Mutually & Non- Mutually
Exclusive Events
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on
any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are
done.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this

module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this
material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

ii
 Let us Learn!

Welcome to the Mathematics Self-Learning Module on Mutually

and Non-Mutually Exclusive Events.

This module was designed to help you, learners, to achieve better learning
outcome and become prepared for the next grade level. This is an approach
that allows you to express and solve mathematical problems in a meaningful
and easiest way possible.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. find the probability of 𝑃 (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) (M10SP-IIIg-h-1) ;

2. illustrate mutually exclusive events (M10SP-IIIi-1); and

3. solve problems involving probability (M10SP-IIIi-j-1).

1
 Lesson
Mutually and Non-
1 Mutually Exclusive Events

Let us Try!

I. PRE-TEST. Read each of the items carefully. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer for each question.

1. Out of 120 senior high school graduating students, 30 are on the honor
roll, 25 are members of the Tuason Dance Society, and 15 are in the honor
roll and are also members of the Tuason Dance Society. What is the
probability that a randomly selected senior high school graduating student
is a member of Tuason Dance Society?

a. 30/ 120 b. 1/3

c. 5/6 d. 5/24

2. From Question #1. What is the probability that a randomly selected

senior high school graduating student is on the honor roll or is a member of
Tuason Dance Society?

a. 30/ 120 b. 1/3

c. 5/6 d. 5/24

3. Does mutually exclusive events have no outcomes in common?

a. True b. False c. Maybe d. Needs more information.

4. A nontransparent bag contains 6 black beans, 4 red beans and 5 white

beans. If a bean is picked from the bag, what is the probability of getting a
black or a red or a white bean?
a. 0.3 c. 0
b. 75% d. 1

5. Which one of the following events is mutually exclusive?

a. A die rolling a 6 on the first throw and then a 5 on the second throw.
b. A pair of dice rolling 2 and 2 and totaling 6
c. A pair of dice rolling 4 and 2
d. A pair of dice rolling 5 and 5

2
6. Which of these illustrates a non-mutually exclusive event?
a. Rolling an 8 on a six-sided die
b. Drawing a king and an “8” on a deck of card
c. Getting a heads and a tails on a single coin toss
d. A pair of dice rolling 3 and 6

7. What is the probability of a dice showing 1 or 6?

a. 1/6 c. 2/3
b. 1/3 d. 5/6

Let us Study

When two events are Mutually Exclusive it is impossible for them to

happen together (the probability that event A and B happen together is 0):

P(A ∩ B)=P(A and B)=0

Another word that means mutually exclusive is disjoint. For example,

a card cannot be a King and a Queen at the same time! But, for Mutually
Exclusive events, the probability of A or B is the sum of the individual
probabilities:

P(A ∪ B)=P(A or B)=P(A)+P(B)

In events which are non- mutually exclusive, there is some overlap.

When P(A) and P(B) are added, the probability of the intersection (and) is
added twice. To compensate for that double addition, the intersection needs
to be subtracted:

P(A or B)=P(A)+P(B)- P(A ∩ B)

Examples

In a deck of 52 playing cards, they are divided into 4 suits of 13 cards

each i.e. spades ♠ hearts ♥, diamonds ♦, Clovers ♣. Cards of Spades and
clovers are black cards. Cards of hearts and diamonds are red cards. The
card in each suit, are ace, king, queen, jack or knaves, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3
and 2. King, Queen and Jack are face cards.

If a card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the

probability of:

3
 1. a king or a queen

Solution:

a. Find P(king) the probability of drawing a king

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑎 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 4 1

P(A) = P(king)= = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 52 13

b. Find P(queen) the probability of drawing a queen

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑒𝑛 4 1

P(B) = P(queen)= = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 52 13

c. Find P(A ∩ B)

P(A ∩ B) =0 (since events are mutually exclusive)

d. P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

1 1
= + - 0
13 13

2
=
13

e. Conclusion

2
Therefore, the probability of drawing a king or a queen is .
13

2. a jack or a red color card

Solution:

a. Find P(jack) the probability of drawing a jack

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑎 𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑘 4 1

P(A) = P(jack)= = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 52 13

b. Find P(red color) the probability of drawing a red color card

𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑 26 1

P(B) = P(red color)= = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 52 2

4
 c. Find P(A ∩ B)

2 1
P(A ∩ B) = =
(it is a non-mutually exclusive event since you can draw
52 26
a jack of diamonds or jack of hearts)

d. P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

1 1 1
= + -
13 2 26

7
=
13

e. Conclusion

7
Therefore, the probability of drawing a jack or a red card is .
13

3. The following front liners were first to get vaccinated at Metro Tagum Health
Center. Determine the chance or probability of the following cases given their
personal information below.

Front Length of
Age Gender Job Title
liner Service (in years)
Ker 36 Male 15 Doctor
Carl 28 Male 4 Nurse
Clinical
Oniel 41 Male 23
Assistant
Leslie 56 Female 20 Doctor
Clinical
Rhea 39 Female 9
Assistant
Eunice 45 Female 16 Nurse
John 52 Male 21 Nurse
Case 1: What is the probability that the vaccinated front liner is forty-five
years old or male?

Solution:

a. Find P(45 y.o.) the probability that the vaccinated front liner is
forty-five years old

5
 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 45 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 1
P(A) = P(45 y.o.)= =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠 7

b. Find P(male) the probability that the vaccinated front liner is

male

𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠 4

P(B) = P(male)= =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠 7

c. Find P(A ∩ B)

P(A ∩ B) =0 (since events are mutually exclusive)

d. P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

1 4
= + - 0
7 7

5
=
7

e. Conclusion

5
Therefore, the probability of drawing a jack or a red card is .
7

Case 2: What is the probability that the vaccinated front liner is a doctor or
is 16 years or more in service?

Solution:

a. Find P(doctor) the probability that the vaccinated front liner is

a doctor

𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 2

P(A) = P(doctor)= =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠 7

b. Find P(16 years or more in service) the probability that the

vaccinated front liner is male

P(B) = P(16 years or more in service)

𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 16 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 4

= =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠 7

6
 c. Find P(A ∩ B)

1
P(A ∩ B) = (it is a non-mutually exclusive event since there is a front
7
liner who is a doctor and at the same time who is 16 years or more in
service)

d. P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

2 4 1
= + -
7 7 7

5
=
7

e. Conclusion

Therefore, the probability that the vaccinated front liner is a doctor or is

5
16 years or more in service is .
7

Case 3: What is the probability that the vaccinated front liner is a female or
a nurse?

Solution:

a. Find P(female) the probability that the vaccinated front liner is

female

𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠 3

P(A) = P(female)= =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠 7

b. Find P(nurse) the probability that the vaccinated front liner is a

nurse

P(B) = P(nurse)

𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠 3

= =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠 7

c. Find P(A ∩ B)

1
P(A ∩ B) = (it is a non-mutually exclusive event since there is a front
7

7
liner who is female and a nurse at the same time)

d. P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

3 3 1
= + -
7 7 7

5
=
7

e. Conclusion

Therefore, the probability that the vaccinated front liner is a female or a

5
nurse is 7 .

1. A card is chosen at random from a standard deck of 52 playing cards.

What is the probability of drawing a King or a Heart?

a. Find P(king) the probability of drawing a King

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑎 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑔

P(A) = P(king)= =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

b. Find P(heart) the probability of drawing a Heart

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑎 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡

P(B)= P(heart) = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

c. Find P(A ∩ B) the probability of drawing a King and a Heart at

the same time

𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑎 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
P(A ∩ B) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 =

d. P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

+ =

e. Conclusion

8
 Therefore, the probability of drawing a King or a Heart is .

2. A ten – sided die is rolled. Find the probability of rolling a six or a

number divisible by 4.

a. Find P(six) the probability of rolling a six

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑥

P(A) = P(six)= =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

b. Find P(div. 4) the probability of rolling a number divisible by 4

𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 4

P(B)= P(div. 4) = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

c. Find P(A ∩ B) the probability of rolling a six or a number

divisible by 4

𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑛𝑜. 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 4 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

P(A ∩ B) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

d. P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

+ =

9
 e. Conclusion

Therefore, the probability of rolling a six or a number divisible by 4

is .

3. Four Persons Under Investigation (PUI’s) were housed at YTZ Medical

Center having the following profiles and COVID-19 symptoms.
Determine the probability of a nurse entertaining each case. Write your
answer on the space provided.

Patient Age Gender Health Condition

Jessa 18 Female Fever, Sore Throat

Shortness of breath,
Jayperson 25 Male
headache

Zach 16 Male Headache, Fever

Charlene 34 Female Sore Throat, Tiredness

Case 1: A nurse entertaining a male or a patient with tiredness symptom

a. What is the probability of a nurse entertaining a male patient?

b. What is the probability of a nurse entertaining a patient with a

tiredness symptom?

10
 c. What is the probability of a nurse entertaining male patients with
symptoms of tiredness at the same time?

d. What is your final answer?

Case 2: A nurse entertaining a female or a patient with fever

a. What is the probability of a nurse entertaining a female patient?

b. What is the probability of a nurse entertaining a patient with a

fever?

c. What is the probability of a nurse entertaining female patients with

symptoms of fever at the same time?

d. What is your final answer?

Case 3: A nurse entertaining a patient having headache or at least 18-year-

old patient

a. What is the probability of a nurse entertaining a patient having

headache?

b. What is the probability of a nurse entertaining a patient at least 18-

year-old?

11
 c. What is the probability of a nurse entertaining at least 18-year-old
patient with headache at the same time?

d. What is your final answer?

Let us Practice More

1. A newly married couple plans to have 3 children. What is the probability

that all children are boys or one of the children is a girl?

2. A pencil case contains 5 black pens, 7 blue pens and 3 red pens. What is
the probability getting a blue pen or a red pen?

3. Using the table of conditions and profiles of a sample of five patients in

Darbo Regional Medical Center (DRMC), determine the probability of each
situation.

Patient Age Gender Health Condition

Tamy 17 Female Fever, Sore Throat
Biege 18 Male Cough, Body Ache
Rex 18 Male Body Ache, Fever
Riza 16 Female Sore Throat, Cough
Chard 17 Male Fever

a. What is the probability of housing a male or 16-year-old patient in

DRMC?

12
b. What is the probability of housing a patient being a female or having a
fever?

c. What is the probability of housing a female patient with fever or any

patient with sore throat?

Direction: Fill in the blank with the choices provided in the box.

When two events (call them "A" and "B") are _(1)___________________ it is
impossible for them to happen together. The probability of A and B
together equals (2)________________ . For Mutually Exclusive events, the
probability of A (3)________________ B is the sum of the individual
probabilities. But, for (4)_____________, the probability of A or B is the sum
of the individual probabilities of A and B minus the probability of the

13
intersection between A (5)_______ B.

or Dependent Events 50%

1 Mutually Exclusive and

0 (impossible) Non- Mutually Exclusive Events

Let us Assess

1. In the experiment of tossing three coins together, find the probability of

getting exactly two heads or getting exactly two tails.

2. Two fair dice are thrown. What is the probability of getting a sum greater
than five or a sum that is even?

3. There were seven COVID-19 patients confined at Tagum City Hospital.

Scientists are unaware that they have created vaccines that target certain
characteristics. Determine the chance or probability of drawing that lucky
patient. Write your answer and solution on the space provided.

Patient Age Gender Weight (kg) Height (m)

Lynee 32 Female 65 1.48

Abel 25 Male 49 1.76
David 16 Male 45 1.60
Sweety 66 Female 52 1.41
Algie 51 Male 78 1.59
Mark 23 Male 55 1.60
Martha 40 Female 49 1.76

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a. The patient weigh 49 kg or at most 26 years old.

b. The patient is either male or at least thirty (30) years old.

c. The patient is either female or 1.76 meters high

Let us Enhance

Direction: Formulate a statement illustrating a mutually exclusive events

and a non-mutually exclusive events.

Example:

Mutually Exclusive= Turning left and turning right at the same time

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Non- Mutually Exclusive= Turning left and scratching your head

Mutually Exclusive= ______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Non- Mutually
Exclusive=___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Let us Reflect

In this lesson, you learned that two events are said to be mutually
exclusive if and only if the events have no common or shared outcomes.
In a set, two events are mutually exclusive when their intersection is the
empty set. Two events are said to be mutually non exclusive events if both
the events have at least one common outcome between them.

16
 17
Let us Try
Let Us Remember
1. D
1. Mutually Exclusive
2. B
2. 0 (impossible)
3. A
3. or
4. D
4. Non- Mutually Exclusive
5. B Events
6. D 5. and
7. B
Let Us Assess
Let Us Practice 3
1.
4
4
1.
13 5
3
2.
6
2.
10
4 4
3 3 3. a. ; b. 1; c.
3 a. ; b. ; c. 1 7 7
4 4
Let Us Practice More
1
1.
2
2
2.
3
4 4 2
3 a. or 0.8; b. or 0.8; c. or
5 5 5
0.4
Lesson 1
Answer Keys
 References

Callanta, Melvin, et al. Mathematics Grade 10 Learners. Edited by Maxima

Acelajado. Department of Education, 2015.

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