1 FOREWORD This Self Learning Kit is prepared to enable students to describe how the nervous system coordinates and regulates feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the body. This Self Learning Kit is divided into three parts: A. WHAT HAPPENED- The part where the learners will answer two pre-tests intended to measure the students’ knowledge about the topic to be discussed. B. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW- The part where the students will be able to identify the four major functions of the nervous system. They will understand how the nervous system coordinates with other organ systems and regulates feedback mechanism in order to maintain homeostasis. On the last part of this section, the students are given three performance tasks where: a.) they are going to share a certain situation when nervous system worked to keep them safe from harm; b.) describe using personal ideas how the nervous system coordinates other organ systems in order to regulate feedback mechanism so that homeostasis will be maintained; and c.) draw a self-expression in preserving the function of the nervous system in coordinating other organ systems and in regulating feedback mechanism to maintain homeostasis.
C. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED- The part where the students will
answer the given crossword puzzle.Classify the given actions according to nervous functions and write at least 10 lifestyles and classify them as good or bad for the Nervous System.
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2 OBJECTIVES At the end of this lesson, learners shall be able to: K: identify the four major functions of the nervous system; S: illustrate an activity that depicts the preservation of the function of the nervous system; and A: cite examples on how the nervous system coordinates with other organ systems in order to regulate feedback mechanism LEARNING COMPETENCY Describe how the nervous system coordinates and regulates feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis (S10LT IIIc-36).
I.WHAT HAPPENED PRE-TEST A. Directions: Read and answer the following questions carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to your answers and write it on your notebook. 1. It functions to regulate involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal. a. Somatic b. Sensory c. Cognitive d. Autonomic 2. It is the function of the nervous system involved in detecting stimuli from the environment. a. Somatic b. Sensory c. Cognitive d. Autonomic 3. It is the function of the nervous system responsible for thinking and remembering. a. Somatic b. Sensory c. Cognitive d. Autonomic 4. It is the function of the nervous system in making the body move. a. Somatic b. Sensory c. Cognitive d. Autonomic
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3 B. Directions: Classify the following based on the major functions of the nervous system present in the box. Choose only the letter that corresponds to your answer. Write your answers on your notebook. A. Somatic or voluntary function C. Sensory function B . Autonomic or Involuntary function D. Cognitive function
Our body is equipped with numerous nerve cells. The organization of these nerve cells make up the whole nervous system. It is through the nervous system that the body is able to interact with the various stimulus in the environment and facilitate biological processes inside the body essential to life. The different senses provide information to be interpreted by the brain which will then trigger corresponding reaction to the stimulus present. Nerve cells are commonly known as neurons. The brain has approximately 100 billions of neuron each with a cell body and multiple extensions. The shorter extensions (called dendrites) act like antennae: they receive signals from, for example, other neurons and pass them on to the cell body. The signals are then passed on via a long extension (the axon), which can be up to a meter long. The nervous system is primarily divided into two major parts; called the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord. It is safely contained within the skull and vertebral canal of the spine. All of the other nerves in the body are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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4 Everyday the body undergoes different responses to various stimulus. There are times when the body reacts involuntarily and nearly instantaneously to stimulus. We describe it as reflexes. For example you are walking on the street and suddenly a horn blares on at your back. You immediately walks towards the sidewalk to avoid the vehicle behind. During bedtime you noticed that there is something moving in your bed and your heart start to beat fast. Upon walking towards your house, you smell that a chicken is being fried by your mother and you walk fast and go immediately to the kitchen. These are all common examples on how the nervous system function to coordinate and regulate feedback mechanisms (either positive or negative) to maintain homeostasis. The four major functions of the nervous system are as follows: 1. Somatic or voluntary function- it is when the nervous system enables the body to move; 2. Sensory function- it is when the nervous system helps us detect stimuli from our internal and external environment; 3. Autonomic or involuntary function- it is when the nervous system enables the important body functions to be maintained without being aware of it; and, 4. Cognitive function- it is when the nervous systems enables us to think and to remember. These functions of the nervous system are not independent of each other. We must remember that the above mentioned functions work in a well coordinated manner in order to respond to any situation.
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5 Let’s study and analyse the figure.
Receiving information from the
environment: The driver’s eye recieve information that she is about to encounter an accidentt.
Maintaing Internal balance
Her nervous system raises her breathing and heart rate, signaling an impeding danger. After the danger is over, the body brings the breating and heart rate back to normal.
Responding to the Situation:
The nervous system causes the driver to respond by stepping on the brake and avoid the accident. Figure 1: This figure illustrates how fast the nervous system respond in coordinated manner upon receiving information from the environment, thus it keeps our body safe and mind to function properly. Adapted from Exploring Life Through Science Series 10, page 251. https://www.comedytrafficschool.com/safe-brake/
The driver is driving fast and sees another car approaching
towards her(sensory function). Her heart starts to pound fast (autonomic function). Seeing the approaching car tells her that danger is coming (cognitive function). Her nervous system then directs her right foot to step on the brake in order for her to avoid the accident (somatic function). If you were in the above situation, your brain will immediately receive information because your alert senses will quickly send the information. As the main controlling organ, the brain deciphers the information as a threat and quickly sends electrical signals through select nerves. The immediate means of
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6 communication of the body in this situation is in the form of electrical nerve impulses to urgently command your muscle to contract quickly so that the brake shall be stepped on. With regards to electrical signals, the nerves are part also of the endocrine system which is responsible in producing hormones, a chemical signal that triggers your heart to pump fast and to make your lungs to work harder. After you take the brake you will decide to immediately drive towards the sidewalk in order for you to avoid the accident. As your brain still sends danger signals, your body will remain prepare to what ever danger might come and shall stop sending such when you perceive danger is already gone.
The above situation is an example on how your nervous
system controls and coordinates the activities of all parts of the body. The nervous system enables the foot to step on the brake. Thus, the nervous system controls with rapid electrical nerve impulses, while the endocrine system produces hormones which travel through the bloodstream and control the actions of cells and organs. However, the role of the nervous system in coordination of the endocrine system and of other body systems is not just limited to circumstances where life is at risk. Their coordination is also responsible in monitoring breathing, blood pressure, temperature and even while we are sleeping it is very active to make sure that the state of the body is stable. You may refer to Figure 2 on how the nervous system coordinates with other organ systems. Nonetheless, nervous system functions as the fast-acting control system that employs nerve impulses to trigger muscle contraction or gland secretion. It coordinates other body systems, such as endocrine system, to regualte feeback mechanism so that homeostasis will be maintained.
In connection to this, it is vital that we follow a good lifestyle
in order to help nervous system maintain body homeostasis. Engaging yourself in healthy activities like exercise, having adequate rest and eating healthy food and avoiding bad habits and vices will make you ensure a healthy nervous system.
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7 Figure 2: Homeostatic relationship between the Nervous System and other Body Systems Source: Marieb, E. N. (2015). Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology. Glenview: Pearson Education, Inc.
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8 Let’s learn together! A. Directions: Given the following lifestyles, Group them as GOOD or BAD for the Nervous system. Use the box as your guide. Write the answers in your notebook.
1. Cigarette smoking 2. Over Eating 3. Alcohol Drinking
4 Sleeping Late 5. Lack of Exercise 6. Balance diet
7. Exercising 8. Adequate rest 9. Proper hygiene
10. Regular Health Check-up
GOOD BAD
LET’S APPLY!!! PERFORMANCE TASKS
Let’s DRAW On a piece of short bond paper, illustrate a sample of an activity that promotes care and maintenance of the nervous system. You will be graded using the rubric below.
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9 III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED.
You can do It!
A. Directions: Solve the puzzle by identifying the words being described. Use the descriptions below as guide. Write your answers in your notebook.
Across 1. It refers to the function of the nervous system in maintaining body functions even if you are not aware of it. 3 It is a physiological regulatory system that either returns the body to a normal internal state (homeostasis) or, less commonly, brings an internal system further away from homeostasis. 6. Fast-acting control system that employs nerve impulses to trigger muscle contraction or gland secretion.
Down 2. A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body. 4. It refers to the function of the nervous system in detecting stimuli from the environment. 5. It refers to the function of the nervous system with regards to thinking and remembering. 7. It refers to the function of the nervous system in making the body moves.
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10 B. Directions: Classify the following activities based on the major functions of the nervous system found inside the box below. Choose only the letter that corresponds to your answer. Write your answers in your notebook. A. Somatic or voluntary function C. Sensory function B . Autonomic or Involuntary function D. Cognitive function
1. Dancing 2. Feeling hungry 3. Writing 4. Digestion of food 5. Making decisions 6. Smelling odor 7. Lifting objects 8. Increasing of heartbeats 9. Remembering names 10. Running
C. Directions: Write at least 10 common lifestyles for each column,
classified as good or bad for Nervous System. Write your answers in your notebook.
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11 REFERENCES
Bureau of Alternative Learning System, D. o. (2008). The Nervous
System. Pasig City: Bureau of Alternative Learning System, Department of Education.
Marieb, E. N. (2015). Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology.
Glenview: Pearson Education, Inc.
Pavico, J. M., Ramos, A. C., Bayquen, A. V., Silverio, A. A., & Ramos, J. D. (2015). Exploring Life Through Science Series 10. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
work?, H., 2021. How does the nervous system work?. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279390/> [Accessed 9 February 2021].
ROSELA R. ABIERA Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)
ARNOLD R. JUNGCO PSDS - Division Science Coordinator
MARICEL S. RASID Librarian II (LRMDS)
ELMAR L. CABRERA PDO II (LRMDS)
JOMAR C. TAGBAR Writer __________________________________ ALPHA QA TEAM LIEZEL A. AGOR MA. OFELIA I. BUSCATO ANDRE ARIEL B. CADIVIDA THOMAS JOGIE U. TOLEDO BETA QA TEAM LIEZEL A. BESAS JOAN Y. BUBULI LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA PETER PAUL A. PATRON THOMAS JOGIE U. TOLEDO
DISCLAIMER
The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division. NegQ3_ Science10_SLKWeek3_v2
13 SYNOPSIS: This Self Learning Kit is made for Grade 10 students on the topic about body control and response where students are able to describe how the nervous system coordinates with other organ systems and regulates feedback mechanism to maintain homeostasis. It is hoped that the learners have fun and enjoy learning on the lesson presented in this self-learning kit. Enhance
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
JOMAR C. TAGBAR is currently working
as Teacher 1 and teaching Science in Grade 7 and grade 9 of Pacuan National High school and the District Science Coordinator of La Libertad II. Prior to teaching, he worked as research analyst at Source Scrub Philippines, Inc. a.k.a Fair Research Center, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental. He is currently studying Master of the arts for Science Teaching at Negros Oriental State University-Main Campus. He graduated with the degree of
