rea an Volume

LESSONS
10-1 Area: Parallelograms
10-2 Area: Triangles and
Trapezoids
10-3 Area: Circles
10-4 Space Figures
10-5 Surface Area:
Prisms and
Cylinders
10-6 Surface Area:
Pyramids, Cones,
and Spheres
10-7 Volume: Prisms and
Cylinders
10-8 Problem Solving:
Make a Model
10-9 Volume: Pyramids,
Cones, and Spheres

Key Vocabulary
• altitude (p. 523)
• altitude of a triangle
(p. 527)
• area (p. 522)
• cone (p. 539)
• cubic unit (p. 557)
• cylinder (p. 539)
• lateral area (p. 546)
Where You're Going • net (p. 540)
• prism (p. 539)
In this chapter, you will learn how to • pyramid (p. 539)
• Find the areas of figures. • slant height (p. 552)
• space figure (p. 539)
• Find the surface areas of space figures.
• sphere (p. 539)
• Find the volumes of space figures.
• surface area (p. 545)
• Solve a problem by making a model. • volume (p. 557)

Real-World Snapshots Applying what you learn,

on pages 576-577 you will solve problems about
playing fields.
 Area: Parallelograms

OBJECTIVE

What You'll Learn

Y To find areas of
5imam
rectangles

'Y To find areas of

•...7
parallelograms

... And Why

To use formulas in finding
areas of objects, such as the
area of a banner 2. Draw a line from one vertex to a point on another side to
create a triangle. Cut along that line.
sf Check Skills You'll Need 3. Use the pieces to form a parallelogram that is not a rectangle.
Use A = (w and find the
4. What is the area of your parallelogram? Explain. •
third value.
1. A=54in.2,w=6in.
2. (€=35m,w= 7m The area of a figure is the number of
3. A=25 cm},€= 2.5 cm square units it encloses. The rectangle
outlined in red encloses 8 square units,
4. €= 7.2ft,w = 7.2 ft each with area 1 cm2 (1 square centimeter).
{ For help, go to Lesson 3-4.
So, the area of the rectangle is 8 cm2.
You can use the formula A= bh to find the area of a rectangle,
New Vocabulary where b is the length of one side and h is the length of the other.
• area
For the rectangle above, A = 4 ·2 = 8.So,the area is 8 cm-.
• altitude When you find area, the dimensions must be in the same unit.

1 EXAMPLE Real-World ,) Problem Solving

Parades Find the area of the marching

band's rectangular banner.
Step 1 Change the units so that they
are the same.
1 yd= 3ft Change 1 yard to feet.

Step 2 Find the area.

Use the formula for
A= bh
the area of a rectangle.
Replace b and h with
= (7)(3) the dimensions 7 and 3 .
• interactive lesson
fj± ' =21 Simplify.
includes instant self-check,
tutorials, and activities. The area of the banner is 21 ft?.

522 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 f Check Understanding Example 1
1. Find the area of each rectangle.
a. lm b. 2 yd
10cm
~---~12ft

OBJECTIVE

glimmer=mTSm
A rectangle is a special kind of parallelogram. The formula for the
area of a parallelogram follows from the formula for the area of
a rectangle. The height h of a parallelogram is the length of
an altitude.
An altitude is a line segment perpendicular to the line containing a
base of the figure and drawn from the side opposite that base.

□
( Kev Concepts I
Area of a Parallelogram
I The area of a parallelogram b
Reading Math
For any base in a figure,
is the product of any base {Y.7 ~ the corresponding

;'. iv% f7 b
height is the length of
an altitude to that base.

A= bh

2 EXAMPLE Finding Area of a Parallelogram

Find the area of each parallelogram.

[]Bin A = bh area formula

I =(3.5)(8) Substitute.
: 8 in.
I
= 28 Simplify.
I

The area of each is 28 in.2.

I

- ---~
• 3.5 in . 3.5 in.

sf Check Uderstanding Example 2

2. Find the area of each parallelogram.
6m
a. 3m b. I
I

Ao/ I

'4 m
I

c. How do the areas of two parallelograms compare when the

dimensions of one are twice the dimensions of the other?

10-1 Area: Parallelograms 523

EXERCISES f or more exercises, see Extra Practice.
Practice and Problem Solving

c Practice by Example Find the area of each parallelogram. '

Example 1
(page 522)
1. 3 yd

015ft
2. 100 cm

ti
3.

□ 4 ft

!yd

Example 2 4. 23 ft 5. 2m 6. 0.5m -I

- I aw]
(page 523)

7. [+0in. -I 8. 5.5 ft 9. 2 in.

I
I
: 10 in.
I
I
11 in.
Qt,e,
4.5 in.

- --~
I

: 4 in.
I
I

10. Find the area of a parallelogram with the given dimensions.

a. base 3 cm, height 5 cm b. base 9 cm, height 15 cm
c. How do the areas of two parallelograms compare when the
dimensions of one are three times the dimensions of the other?
O www» Your Skills ~ 11. Sports A football field is 300 ft long, from goal line to goal line,
and 160 ft wide, from sideline to sideline. What is the area of a
football field?

Find the area of each parallelogram.

□
12. 10,560 ft 13. 7cm >I

2m;
•
14. 5m
"ZF [· 7]7in. =I
»
Coordinate Geometry The vertices of a parallelogram are given.
Draw each parallelogram. Find its area.
2m 2m 2m
16. A(0, 0), B(3, 0), C(4, 3), D(l, 3)

17. W(-2,0),X(-3,3), Y(2,0),Z(l,3) '3m 4m

18. Find the area of the figure at the right.
Assume that all angles are right angles. 7m

524 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 7

19. Writin
g,in Math The two parallelograms below have the same
perimeter. Are the areas the same? Explain.
3m [3m =l

3.
C, Challenge 20. Open-Ended You want to make a 400-ft- vegetable garden. You
plan to build a fence to keep the rabbits out. To spend the least
amount of money, you want to use as little fencing as possible.
a. Draw and list three possible dimensions for your garden.
b. Which of the three will need the least amount of fencing?

Find the area of each shaded region. Assume that all angles that
appear to be right angles are right angles.
21. 8 ft 22. 7m
2 ft 2.8 m
4 ft
Pl» 2.8m
4m

Reasoning In Exercises 23 and 24, find the ratio of the areas of the
parallelograms (smaller to larger). Justify each answer.
23. The bases are the same length. The height of one parallelogram is
twice the height of the other.
24. The height and the length of a base of one parallelogram are both
twice those of the other parallelogram.
100 ft
- 42ft T @25. a. Landscaping Find the area of the yard at the left. Assume that

'
30 ft all angles that appear to be right angles are right angles.
30 f
70 ft 60 ft • { 10 i b. How many square yards of sod do you need to cover the yard?

1 1
c. One bag of fertilizer covers approximately 2,000 f?. How
[on many bags should you buy to cover the yard?

Test Prep

Multiple Choice 26. Square ABCD has perimeter x units. What is its area in terms of x?
x2 • 2 2 2 y? ..2 x · 2
A. {5 units: B. 4x units' C. , units' D. {; units
27. A parallelogram has base 18 cm and height 9 cm. What is its area?
F. 27 cm? G. 81 cm? H. 162 cm2 I. 324 cm?

28. What is the side length of a square with area 16 cm??

A. 256 cm? B. 32 cm? C. 8 cm D. 4 cm

29. A rectangle has baser and heights. Which formula gives its area?
F. A =r? G. A =s? H, A = rs I. A = 2r + 2s

10-1 Area: Parallelograms 525

 Reading Comprehension Read the passage below before doing Exercises 30 and 31.

Political Sign Regulations Set

The City Council issued the fol- 2. Sign areas may not exceed 32 ft2.
lowing regulations for political 3. Signs cannot be more than 6 ft
signs in the upcoming election: in height.
1. Only one sign may be posted on 4. All signs must be removed no later
a single lot of land. than 7 days after the election.

30. You wish to display a sign that is 6 ft high. What is the greatest

#% no to Nrr
5,nne lesson quiz at
width it can have?
31. A sign with area 24 ft? is at least 1 ft high. Write an inequality that
' www.PHSchool.com shows all possible values for its base length b.
: · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-1001

• Mixed Review

Lesson 9-10 The endpoints of a segment are given. Graph each segment and its
image after a rotation of 90° about the origin.
32. A(5, 8), B(2, 4) 33. C(0,3),D(3, -5) 34. E(2,-3),F(2.4)

Lesson 9-2 35. Find the measures of two supplementary angles if the difference
of their measures is 56°.

Lesson 5-4 Simplify each expression.

s6 3·2} 3z.}+ 2}

Math at Work
C
~===~.....,=====~==:=····=···=
····=····=···=····=···=
····=····=···=····=···=
····=····=···=····=····=···=····=···=
····=···=
····"""··~=···=····=···=
··P=h=a=r=m
=a=ci=~=t""""""*

Pharmacists dispense medications. They also talk to their

customers about the possible side effects of medications.
To do this, they must thoroughly understand how prescription
drugs are made.
Sometimes a doctor prescribes a special medication that a
pharmacist must mix. The pharmacist must measure the
ingredients in the exact proportions that the patient needs.
In a situation such as this, mathematics is essential.

#
g
ian to mite NEr rs »ore romeo»
;6out pharmacists, go to www.PHSchool.com.
: · · · · · · · · Web Code: adb-2031

526 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 Area: Triangles and Trapezoids 10-2
OBJECTIVE

What You'll Learn

To find areas of
triangles
A diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles. To find areas of
trapezoids

... And Why

To find areas in real-
world situations,
such as construction
[ p ] b

You can see that the area of a triangle is half the area of a sf Cheek Skills You'll Need
parallelogram. An altitude of a triangle is the perpendicular Find each product.
segment from a vertex of a triangle to the line containing the 1.3·16 2.3·14.6
opposite side. The height is the length of the altitude.
3.3·5-15
Key Concepts Area of a Triangle 4.3·2}·8
The area of a triangle equals half { ror help, go to Lesson 5-4.
the product of any base length b
and the corresponding height h. New Vocabulary
• altitude of a triangle

1 EXAMPLE Finding Area of a Triangle

Find the area of the triangle.

A=3bh Use the formula for the
area of a triangle. '+3 cm.sC,,{@
v

I
I
Replace b with 8 and h
=3·8-3 with 3. ·5cpl =

= 12 Simplify.

The area is 12 cm-.

/ Check Understanding Example 1

1. Find the area of each triangle.

a. 57{n b. 5m
•
18%
·8_]ff C fj=@ interactive lesson
includes instant self-check,
tutorials, and activities.

10-2 Area: Triangles and Trapezoids 527

 2 EXAMPLE Real-World ,) Problem Solving

Construction How much siding does a builder need to cover the

side of the house shown at the left?
Area of triangle Area of rectangle

<-l =}-16-9
A= bh
= 16 · 10
= 72 = 160
j Add to find the total: 72 + 160 = 232.
The builder needs 232 ft? of siding.

,;/ Check U11~g Example 2

2. Find the area of the shaded figure.

4ydQ±;
OBJECTIVE

TSTTONO[ECDSTATS2OSSIE
A diagonal divides a trapezoid into two triangles. Notice that
the triangles have the same height but different bases.
You can add the areas of the triangles to find the area of
the trapezoid.

B
:
Area of AABC
9cm C

Area of AADC
A=3bh A= 3bh
=3·9-4 =3-6-4
= 18 = 12
The areas of the two triangles are 18 cm and 12 cm?. The area of
the trapezoid is the sum of the areas of the two triangles, 30 cm?.
You can use this information to find a formula for the area of
a trapezoid.

528 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 In a trapezoid, the parallel sides are its bases. For the figure at the
right the bases are b) and b,. The height is h.
The area of the trapezoid is {bjh + 3bsh.
1
3bh T
h
By using the Distributive Property, you can see that
3b,h + 3bsh is 3h(b, + bs).
I
So, the area of the trapezoid is {h(b, + b,).

Key Concepts ] Area of a Trapezoid

I The area of a trapezoid is half the
product of the height and the sum
of the lengths of the bases.

A=3h(b, + b;)

3 EXAMPLE Real-World ,) Problem Solving

Erie Canal The Erie Canal opened in 1825 and was hailed as an
engineering marvel. Below is a cross section of the Erie Canal.
Find the area of the trapezoidal cross section.

=
el)ff /[[Q ]

~----------~~-
8ft wide >
Fies
A= 3h(by + b;) Use the formula for the area of a trapezoid.
Real-World ($,} Connection
A=}·4(28 + 40) Replace h with 4, b, with 28, and b, with 40.
The Erie Canal is 363 miles
in length.
=3·4(68) Simplify. I
= 2 · 68
= 136
% The area of the cross section is 136 ft?.

/ Check Understanding Example 3

3. Find the area of each trapezoid.
a. b. 24mm

2 ft 12mm\
,:
:
• [} pp

}
10-2 Area: Triangles and Trapezoids 529
I
 EXERCISES 1 For more exercises, see Extra Practice.
Practice and Problem Solving

O aata by Example Find the area of each triangle.

12m
\

Example 1 1. 4 in. 2. 3.
13m
(page 527)
.7Z
v.)./ m.
12 m
7
,
m'
I
8m

·]3(6n >]

Example 2 Find the area of each shaded figure.

(page 528)
4.

" 6. Interior Design A designer wants to cover the wall shown at the
left below with wallpaper. How much wallpaper does she need?
10 ft

)
7 ft
10 ft

18 ft 12 ft
Example 3 7. Shipping One end of an air cargo container has the shape shown
(page 529) at the right above. Find the area of the trapezoid.

Find the area of each trapezoid.

8.

Sc4cm 4ftL:Jtft
a"
7cm
4 cm 9.
I
I

'3 in.
3 in.

O ww Your Skills 11. Reasoning A triangle and a parallelogram both have areas of
20 cm2 and bases of 5 cm. How do their heights compare?
12. Writing,inMoth Are (3·3) <8
and 3·(3·8)
equal? Explain how
this can help in finding the area of a triangle.
13. A trapezoid has area 50 in.2. The two bases are 5 in. and 15 in.
What is the height of the trapezoid?
14. Open-Ended Sketch and label two different triangles so that both
have areas of 180 in.?.

530 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 Find the area of each shaded region.
12 in.
15. 16.

W ""' 10cm
10 in.

O Challenge Reasoning In Exercises 17 and 18, find the ratios of the areas of the
triangles (smaller to larger). Justify each answer.
« [()cm »[
B 17. The height and the lengths of the bases of one trapezoid are all twice
those of the other trapezoid.
5cm
18. The trapezoids have the same height. One trapezoid has base
lengths band 2b. The other has base lengths b and 4b.
X 4cm X
19. ABCD (left) is a rectangle. What is the area of the shaded region?

Multiple Choice 20. What are possible dimensions for a triangle with area 32 cm??
A. b = 4 cm B. b = 2 cm C. b = 8 cm D. b = 6 cm
h = 8 cm h = 16 cm h = 8 cm h = 8 cm

21. A trapezoid has an area of 56 in2. One base is 6 in. and the height
is 8 in. What is the length of the other base?
F. 6 in. G. 8 in. H. 10 in. I. 14 in.
Short Response What is the number of square units in each figure? Show your work.
22. 23. 24.5
9

#a o terr
5e lesson quiz at
8 17
14
17.5
E www.PHSchool.com
: · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-1002 10 14

Mixed Review
Lesson 10-1 Find the area of each parallelogram.
24.

- =5 0 c m 24 m 25. lm

Lessons 7-1 and 7-3 Solve each equation.

26. 16 + 2y == 9 27. 5.5a + 2= 10.5 28. 3b = 10= 24

Lesson 6-9 29. Suppose you bought two books for $15. The original prices of the
two books were the same, but you were able to buy one for half
price. What was the full price of each book?

10-2 Area: Triangles and Trapezoids 531

 Area: Circles
OBJECTIVE

What You'll Learn

To find areas of
limmSane
circles
To find areas of
irregular figures that estigation ········································································································:
include parts of circles
Fidig the Forwula for Area of a Circle
... And Why
1. Use a compass to draw a circle. Cut out the circle.
To use area formulas in
real-world situations, such 2. Fold the circle in half, and then in half again. Fold it in half a
as finding the amount of third and fourth time.
grass needed to cover a
circular region 3. Cut out the 16 wedges that you have formed with the folds.
4. Arrange the wedges in a row as shown below.
f Check Skills You'll Need
Simplify each expression.
1.3.14 · 4?
2.3.14 · 5° \
3.3.14 ·9-
4.3.14 ·0.5° 5. Notice that the new shape resembles a parallelogram. How
{ ror help, go to Lesson 4-2. does the base of the parallelogram (the side shown in red)
relate to the circumference of the circle? How does the
height of the parallelogram relate to the radius of the circle?
6. Use the formula for the area of a parallelogram to estimate
the area of your circle. •

The diagram above shows the relationship between the area of a

circle and a figure that is like a parallelogram. The height h of the
parallelogram is about the same as the radius r of the circle. The
base bis about half the circumference C of the circle.
You can use the formula for the area of a parallelogram to suggest
the formula for the area of a circle.
A = bh Use the formula for the area of a parallelogram.

A =(3c)(r) substitute 3C forb and r for.h.

. 1
A= \(2r)·r Substitute 2nr for C.
• interactive lesson
(fa@ A= nr? Simplify.
includes instant self-check,
tutorials, and activities.

532 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

~
Key Concepts Area of a Circle
The area of a circle equals the product
of r and the square of the radius r.
A= mr-
G
You can express the exact area of a circle by using ,r.

1 EXAMPLE Finding Area of a Circle

Find the exact area of a circle with diameter 12 cm.

A = mr-
=r(6)° r=3d;r= 6
= 367 Simplify.
% The area is 367 cm?.

f Check Understanding Example 1

1. Find the exact area of a circle with radius 50 in.

For real-world situations, you usually want an approximate value

for the area of a circle. If you are finding an approximate area,
use 3.14 or the value provided by a calculator for Tr.

2 EXAMPLE Real-World $,) Problem Solving

Biology The size of a jaguar's territory depends on how much

food is available. In a situation where there is plenty of food, the
circular territory of the jaguar may be as small as 3 mi in diameter.
Find the area of such a region to the nearest square mile.
A = nr?
=m(1.5° r=3d;r= 1.5
=2.25r exact area

=(2.25)(3.14) Use 3.14 for n.

= 7 .065 approximate area

Real-World 6,} Connection
• The area of the region is about 7 mi? During a drought a jaguar
may need to search for food
in a territory as large as 6 mi
f Check Uderstanding Example 2 in diameter.
2. Find the approximate area of a circle with radius 6 mi.

10-3 Area: Circles 533

 OBJECTIVE

To find the area of an irregular figure, you can sometimes separate it

into figures with areas you know how to find.

3 EXAMPLE Real-World ,}) Problem Solving

Landscaping A pound of grass seed covers approximately 675 ft2•

Find the area of the lawn below. Then find the amount of grass seed
you need to buy to cover the lawn. Grass seed comes in 3-lb bags.

Area of region that is one half of a circle

area of circle = r"
area of half circle = Jr
A =3(3.14)(15)° Replace with 3.14 and r with 15.
A= 353.25
Area of region that is a rectangle
@ Need llelp? area of rectangle = bh
To find how much A = 45 · 25 Replace b with 45 and h with 25.
grass seed, use
dimensional analysis: A = 1,125
2 _
ft2 ..,_. ftlb The area of the lawn is about 353 ft? + 1,125 ft? = 1,478 ft2 .
+? ·,=
ft
1b 1,478 + 675 = 2.19 Divide to find the amount of seed.

• You need to buy one 3-lb bag of grass seed.

s/ Check Uderstanding Example 3

3. Find the area of the shaded region to the nearest tenth.

10cm[2.Scm
Semi

534 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

EXERCISES 1 For more exercises, see Extra Practice.
Practice and Problem Solving

;) acaice ty Example Find the area of each circle. Give the exact area, and an approximate
Examples 1 and 2 area to the nearest square unit.
(page 533)

©
'<2%
0
4. Recreation
»%
» » 'Gas
A standard dartboard has a diameter of 18 in. What is
its area to the nearest square inch?
5. Culinary ArtsA culinary student decorates an 8-in.-diameter
round cake. What is the approximate area of the top of the cake?

Example 3 Find the area of each figure to the nearest square unit.
(page 534)
6. ls[U in. >l 7.
I
7 in. 40 yd{
I

Find the area of each shaded region to the nearest square unit.
9. 10mi 10. ~ 12mm

GJzomi {7
40 ft
) 11. Lawn Care A groundskeeper wants to use
sod to cover the lawn shown in green in the
diagram. Each piece of sod covers 3f?. 20 ft
About how many pieces of sod are needed? 12 ft

0 Apply Your Skills Number Sense Match each object with its most likely area.
12. dinner plate A. 0.8 in.2
13. quarter B. 110 in.2
14. 12-in. circular pizza C. 7 in.2
15. jar lid D. 16.000 in.2
16. the center circle on a basketball court E. 80 in.2

~ 17. Pool Design Covering for the pool border is sold by the square
yard (whole-number amounts only). It costs $20/yd-.
a. What is the area of the border in square feet?
b. About how much will the covering cost?

10-3 Area: Circles 535

 Find the area of each circle. Give the exact area, and an approximate
area to the nearest tenth.
18. r = 12 mi 19. r = 0.3 m 20. d = 1.5 in. 21. d = 8.4 mm

22. Open-Ended Describe a real-life situation, not used in this lesson,

where you might use the formula for the area of a circle.
23. Which has a greater area, four circles, each with radius 1 m, or
one circle with radius 4 m? Explain.
24. How many circles with radius 2 cm will have the same total area
as a circle with radius 4 cm?

25.

4cm
26.

I 2 7 . c
Find the area of each shaded region to the nearest square unit.
4cm
®
9.9 m
8 ft

28. Writing,in Math What is the area of the largest circle that will fit in
a square with area 64 cm-? Explain.

O Challenge 29. Can Lids A manufacturer cuts lids for eight cans from one
rectangular sheet of aluminum as shown at the left.

I
24 in.
a. What is the radius of each lid?
b. How many square inches of aluminum do the lids require?
c. How many square inches of aluminum are wasted?
@ 30. Consumer Issues You can buy a l0-in. diameter pizza for $6.50, a
12-in. pizza for $8.50, or a 14-in. pizza for $10.50.

1 ]2in. +
a. What is the area of each pizza to the nearest square inch?
b. What is the price per square inch of each pizza?
c. Reasoning Is the largest pizza the best buy? Explain.

Test Prep

Multiple Choice For Exercises 31--33, what is the exact area of each circle having
radius r or diameter d?

31. r = 11 mi

# ;a noNrr
5,nre lesson auiz a
A. 5.5 mi?

32. r =3 m
B. 11n mi? C. 22 mi? D. 121n mi?

: www.PHSchool.com
.. · .. · · · · Web Code: ada-1003 F } m? G. 3x m? H.nm? I. 2nm?

33. d = 1.2 in.

A. 2.4n in.? B. 1.44 in? C. 0.36x in.? D. 0.18 in.-
Short Response 34. Which has a greater area, (a) a circle with radius 2 m or a square
with side length 2 m? (b) Explain your answer.

536 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

Mixed Review

Lesson 10-2 Find the area of each figure.

35. 5 mi 36. [
1.5yd[

Lesson 9-4
• 6!2 mi

37. Square ABCD has side length 8 in.

A BXY is isosceles. Its congruent
7 yd

sides have length 2 in. How many

triangles congruent to ABXY can
you cut from square ABCD?

Lesson 5-3 Find each sum or difference.

39. s} 42 41 75
8 6

.{-- Check~oint Qu_i_z_1 ~ L_e_s_so_n_

s_1_0~·-1_t_
hr_o_u_g,_h_1_0_·3~ .
• instant self-check
fa@

□
Find the area of each figure.
quiz online and
on CD-ROM
1. 10 in. 2. 20 in.

D10in. 10in~ 3. 15 in.

10 in.

4. 20 yd 5. 35 cm 6.
[cs»
3()vd > 70cm
"L. 20m

Find the area of each figure. Give the exact area, and an approximate

7.G a.A
area to the nearest square unit.

0 10yd
9. 40 cm

20 cm •
I
I
I

10. A trapezoid has an area of 45 cm?. The two bases are 6 cm and
12 cm. What is the height of the trapezoid?

10-3 Area: Circles 537

• Extension
-r
9-.\ a%
gT
IO
T"5
hree Views of an
A

3
IL Use With Lesson 10-4

A solid is a Isometric Dot Paper Rectangular

three-dimensional figure. Graph Paper

~~i"'
You can draw a solid in
perspective (p. 542) to show
that it is three-dimensional. You can use isometric You can use rectangular
dot paper to draw a graph paper to draw top,
three-dimensional view. front, and side views.

EXAMPLE

Draw the top, front, and right-side views of the solid.

Isometric Top Front Right Side
• • • • •

F+
EXERCISES
Draw the top, front, and right-side views of each solid.
1. • • • • • • 3. • • • • 4, •
•

t
•
•
•
• •
•
t Rs •
•
• • • • •
• • •
• •

5. The top, front, and right-side views are given.

Draw an isometric view on isometric dot paper.
Top Front Right Side

0 ¢
; T
538 Extension Three Views of an Object
»
,
T h
$
 Space Figures 10-4
OBJECTIVE

What You'll Learn

To identify common
space figures
The figures below are common three-dimensional figures, also called
space figures or solids. The space figures you will study in this To identify space
book are prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, and spheres. figures from nets

... And Why

Vertex To identify the space figures
often used in constructing
[Lateral edge w[
buildings
Bases
} [][er]] []Ce [k

sf Check Skills You'll Need

/ Base edge ' } [3Ase / Judging by appearance,
classify each polygon.
Prism Pyramid
A prism has two parallel A pyramid has a base that
bases that are congruent is a polygon. The lateral faces
polygons, and lateral faces are triangles.
that are parallelograms.

V ertex

Lateral surface Q ;or help, go to Lesson 9-3.

l Nee
= » A

« 3aSe )>
New Vocabulary
• space figures
Cylinder Cone • prism
• pyramid
A cylinder has two A cone has one circular
• cylinder
parallel bases that are base and one vertex.
• cone
congruent circles.
• sphere
• net

Sphere
A sphere is the set of all
points in space that are a
given distance from a given
point called the center.
• interactive lesson
(Jja@
includes instant self-check,
tutorials, and activities.

10-4 Space Figures 539

 You can use the shape of a base to help you name a space figure.

1 EXAMPLE Naming Space Figures

For each figure, describe the bases and name the figure.

» The bases are triangles.

b.

The bases of the prism are

Real-World 6,} Connection The figure is a trapezoids. The figure is a
• triangular prism. trapezoidal prism.
This space figure displays the
73,000-ft? "Rainbow" by
Corita Kent. sf Check Uderstanding Example 1
1. Name each figure.
a. b.

OBJECTIVE

gimmmmmm±AZAD
A net is a pattern you can form into a space figure.

2 EXAMPLE Naming Space Figures From Nets

Name the space figure you can form from each net.
a. b.

With a hexagonal base and With two triangular bases

triangular sides, you can and rectangular sides, you
• form a hexagonal pyramid . can form a triangular prism.

sf Check Uderstanding Example 2

• Need Help?
Recall that a cube is 2. Name the space figure you can form from each net.
a rectangular prism
with six congruent
square faces.

540 Chapter 10 Area and Volume '

EXERCISES ]' or more exercises, see Extra Practice.
Practice and Problem Solving

Q
3.CE:J
Practice by Example For each figure, describe the base(s), if any, and name the figure.
Example 1 1. 2.
(page 540)

4. 5.

Example 2 Name the space figure you can form from each net.
(page 540)
8. /\/\/ tt=g 9.

11.ot]J 12.~
0 Apply Your Skills For Exercises 13-15, write the most precise name for each space
figure that has the given properties.
13. four lateral faces that are triangles
Reading Math
Lateral means "on the 14. three lateral faces that are rectangles
side." The lateral faces
of a prism or pyramid
15. a lateral surface and one circular base
are the surfaces that
connect with a base. 16. What type of space figure does each object suggest?
See page 539. a shoe box
a. b. a teepee c. a basketball

Open Ended Draw a net for each space figure.

17. pentagonal pyramid 18. an object in your classroom

19. Error Analysis A student explains that since each figure below has
six square faces, each can be folded to make a cube. Explain the
error the student might have made.
Figure A Figure B Figure C Figure D

J] I
rrq]
10-4 Space Figures 541
 20. A net is made of 4 congruent rectangles and 2 congruent squares
whose sides are the same length as the shorter sides of the rectangles.
Name a space figure you can form from this net.

Match each container with the correct net.

= « 22. 23. l

A. C.

24. Writing,inMath Suppose you see a net for a rectangular prism and
a net for a rectangular pyramid. Explain how you can match each
net with its name.
25. Draw a net to represent a rectangular box that is 10 cm long, 8 cm
wide, and 4 cm high. Label dimensions on the net.
a Challenge 26. A cube is easy to draw in one-point perspective. Draw a cube in
one-point perspective by following the steps below .
• •,
rF\
/ T \N
•
II
I\
/
r I s I I
Z I I s I I

I I I I
I I I I I

□
I
I
I I
I I
I --='
I I
I I I I I I
I I I I I I
I I I I I I
I I I I I I
I I I I I I

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

Step 1 Begin by drawing a square for the front. Draw a horizon

line parallel to one horizontal edge of your square. Select a
vanishing point on the horizon line.
Step 2 Draw lines, called vanishing lines, from the vertices of the
square to the vanishing point.
Step 3 Draw a line segment parallel to the horizon line. Use this
segment to determine the top and back edges.
Step 4 Draw dashed lines for the hidden back vertical and
horizontal edges. Erase the horizon line and unnecessary parts of
the vanishing lines.
27. Using steps like those suggested in Exercise 26, make a one-point
perspective drawing of each figure.
a. triangular prism b. cylinder

542 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 Test Prep

Multiple Choice 28. Which of the following is a net for a cylinder?

»
%
29. Which space figure can you form
l
from the net?
F. hexagonal pyramid
G. triangular pyramid
H. triangular prism
I. hexagonal prism

30. Which space figure has three lateral faces that are triangles?
A. triangular pyramid B. pentagonal prism
C. square prism D. triangular prism

31. Which space figure has 6 faces that are all regular quadrilaterals?

# ;a nio to rr
5,re lesson quiz at
F. triangular pyramid
H. square prism
G. pentagonal prism
I. triangular prism
' www.PHSchool.com 32. A rectangular prism has how many faces?
: · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-1004
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

Short Response 33. a. Draw a net for a cylinder that has diameter 4 in. and height 6 in.
b. Label your drawing.

g Mixed Review

Lesson 10-3 For each circle, find the exact area and an approximate area.
34.

2.5m
»
» /64
0
Lessons 9- 4 37. Mowing Lawns A rectangular yard is 20 ft by 40 ft. Your lawn
mower will mow a 2-ft-wide path. What is the least number of
turns you must make to mow the lawn?

Lesson 8-3 Write each equation in slope-intercept form.

38. 3.x y = 6 39. 2r = 2y = 10 40. -8y - 16 = 24x

10-4 Space Figures 543

u -;-- '_8
···r \ t~ · t x· · 1'- ·s:'~
') ._·;' ·c, '-~ - .· ·~l h y
f
·

Cross Sections of Space Figures

[
q "t
The intersection of a plane and
a space figure is a cross section of
the space figure. This cross section
of a block of cheese is a rectangle.

EXAMPLE

Sketch a plane intersecting a cube in three different ways to show a

rectangular cross section.

, '
> {
'
'

,
'-
] '

1
,
I {
r

'
•
EXERCISES
Use the name of a polygon to describe each cross section of the cube.
Points M, N, P, Q, and R are midpoints of edges. p
1. through M, P, Q, and R 2. through E, A, C, and G M
[s 1 (
: F
3. through B, E, and G 4. through M, N, D, and B I
I
I
D,'------------ C
Sketch a cube to show each cross section. Q, ·i
5. a scalene triangle 6. a trapezoid A' B

7. a square 8. an isosceles triangle

9. Describe the possible cross sections of a sphere.

10. Sketch and describe two possible cross sections of a cylinder.

544 Extension Cross Sections of Space Figures

 Surface Area: 10-5 ~
- <_> .. - /~.
::__ - -~---~--- -- . -----
---..:::_··
,,.----._

..
__

-
--,· __

Prisms and Cylinders "!a

' ----. --:.:_:

OBJECTIVE

'Elum mm5Imo What You'll Learn

jY% find surface areas
of prisms
Prisms and cylinders can be right or oblique. Yo find surace areas
of cylinders

[]h
•
... And Why
To find the amount of
material needed in
Right prism Oblique prism Right cylinder Oblique cylinder packaging

In this text, you may assume that prisms and cylinders are right
unless otherwise stated. fCheck Skills You'll Need
Find the circumference
Surface area (S.A.) is the sum of the areas of the base(s) and the of each circle with the
lateral faces of a space figure. One way to find the surface area of a given radius or diameter.
space figure is to find the area of its net. You measure surface area in
1. r = 5 in.
square units.
2.r = 4.2 cm
1 EXAMPLE Finding Surface Area Using a Net 3. d = 8 ft

Find the surface area

4. d = 6.8 in.
of the rectangular ] ror help, go to Lesson 9-6.
prism using a net.
New Vocabulary
40 in.? [ 20in. +] 40 in.-
Draw and label a net. • surface area
160 in.2 • lateral area
Find the area of each rectangle
5 in. 100 in.2 in the net.
8 in. 160 in.2

5 in. 100 in.2

40 + 40 + 160 + 100 + 160 + 100 = 600 Add the areas.

• The surface area is 600 in. 2.

al Check Uderstanding Example 1

1. a. Find the surface area of the triangular prism.
b. A similar triangular prism 6 d
has dimensions twice
those shown here. 3 yd
Find its surface area. • interactive lesson
fl±
c. How do surface areas of 4 yd includes instant self-check,
similar prisms compare when dimensions are doubled? tutorials, and activities.

10-5 Surface Area: Prisms and Cylinders 545

 Another way to find the surface area of a prism is to use the lateral
area and the base areas. Lateral area (L.A.) of a prism is the sum of
the areas of the lateral faces.

Perimeter of base c C
~
a+b+c+d d,, d Base b
:a
f}
[I[] [4

P
I
I
J..----
bh
»
a b C d
h

=,
Z

d Base b Area of
perimeter height
JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ»

C
a base
}
L.A.= Lateral Area Surface Area = L.A. + 2B

To find surface area, it is a good idea to find lateral area first.

Key Concepts Surface Area of a Prism

The lateral area of a prism is the product P Perimeter of base
of the perimeter of the-base and the height. '----~ :
e Need Help? L.A.= ph h ,
B represents the area of The surface area of a prism is the sum of the .<7
a base. For a I ist of area lateral area and the areas of the two bases. B Area of base
formulas, see the table
on page 780. S.A. = L.A. + 2B

2 EXAMPLE Finding Surface Area Using Formulas

y Reading Math
For help with reading a
Find the surface area of the
triangular prism at the right.
Step 1 Find the lateral area.
L.A.= ph
at
4cm bi
n
Use the formula for lateral area.
12cm

formula, see page 551. = (5 + 5 + 6)12 p = 5 + 5 + 6 and h = 12.

= 192
Step 2 Find the surface area.
S.A. = L.A. + 2B Use the formula for surface area.

=192+2(3-6-4) L.A.=192andB =3·6·4.

= 192 + 24
= 216
6 The surface area of the triangular prism is 216 cm-.

/ Check Uderstanding Example 2

I
I

2. Find the surface area of the prism at the right. I

6m
- - - -~,
3m •
4m

546 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

OBJECTIVE

@limummLIISSp
If you cut a label from a soup can, you will see that the label is a
rectangle. The height of the rectangle is the height of the can. The
base length of the rectangle is the circumference of the can.

h I I Lateral
Area
~h
» »,
Surface
Area
~-----~
2rr
Area of a base
L.A.= 2rh B= rr- S.A. = L.A. + 2B

Key Concepts Surface Area of a Cylinder

The lateral area of a cylinder is the product Bis the area
of the circumference of the base and the of a base.
height of the cylinder. r
L.A. = 2rrh
h
The surface area of a cylinder is the sum of the
lateral area and the areas of the two bases.
S.A. = L.A. + 2B

3 EXAMPLE Finding Surf ace Area of a Cylinder

3.5 cm
Packaging Find the surface area of the can at the right.
Step 1 Find the lateral area.
L.A.= 27rh Use the formula for lateral area.
= 2(3.14)(3.5)(11.5) r = 3.5 and h = 11.5.
= 253
Step 2 Find the surface area.
S.A. = L.A. + 2B Use the formula for surface area.
=253 + 2(3.149(3.5)° L.A. = 253 and B = n(3.5)°.
= 253 + 77
= 330
6 The surface area of the can is about 330 cm-.

/ Check Uderstanding Example 3

3. Find the surface area of a can with radius 5 cm and height 20 cm.

10-5 Surface Area: Prisms and Cylinders 547

EXERCISES 1 For more exercises, see Extra Practice.
Practice and Problem Solving

;) Practice y Example Find, to the nearest square unit, the surface area of the space figure
Example 1 represented by each net.
(page 545)
1. 6m 2.
15 in. 18 in. 15 in.
I I 9m
6m 20 in.
9 m
18 in.
6m 60 in.
30m

3. The base of a rectangular prism is 3 in. by 5 in. The height is 11 in.

a. Draw and label a net for the prism.
b. Find the surface area of the prism.
c. A similar rectangular prism has dimensions three times the
dimensions of the given prism. Find its surface area.
d. How do surface areas of similar prisms compare when
dimensions are tripled?

Example 2 Find the surface area of each prism.

,
(page 546)
4.

16mm 54in. !,
45 in. >
36 in.
12mm
6. 7.

6cm

8. 6cm 9. 6 in. 8 in.

4cm 1 1 4cm
I I
5 in.
L----{ 3cm

10 in.
6cm
Example 3 Find the surface area of the cylinder shown or represented. Round to
(page 547) the nearest tenth. 5.6 cm
10. 11. 12. 12 yd

7.2 cm 10 yd
4.6m

548 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 @ 13. Gift Wrapping Juliet is trying to wrap a can of mixed nuts that is a
birthday gift for her brother. The can has a radius of 8 cm and a
height of 10 cm. Approximately how many square centimeters of
wrapping paper will cover the gift?
O ww» Your Skills 14. A cylinder has radius 8 ft and height 12 ft. Draw and label a net
for the cylinder. Find its surface area.
15. Find the surface area of a square prism with base edge 7.m and
height 15 m.
16. Find the area of the top and lateral surface of a cylindrical water
tank with radius 20 ft and height 30 ft.
17. Camping A tent is approximately
the shape of a triangular prism.
Approximate the area of the tent,
including the bottom, by finding
the surface area of the prism.
72 in.
18. Find the surface area of a cylinder
with radius 10 cm and height 8 cm.
Painting The neighborhood swimming pool needs to be painted.
The pool is 40 ft by 60 ft. The depth of the pool is 6 ft throughout.
a. How many sides need to be painted?
b. What is the total number of square feet to be painted?
c. The materials for painting the pool cost $1.50 per square yard.
What is the cost of the materials for painting the pool?
20. Error Analysis A student explains
that the two cylinders at the right
have the same surface area. Explain
the student's error. ~4ft
10ft ll
- -
10 ft
4ft
21. Open-Ended Describe a real-world
situation in which you need to know
the surface area of a space figure.
22. Writing,in MathIn a triangular prism, what is the difference
between the height of a base and the height of the prism?
~ 23. Packaging You have made two boxes with lids. Which box
required more cardboard, a box 8 in. by 6.25 in. by 10.5 in., or a
box 9 in. by 5.5 in. by 11.75 in.? Explain.
@) aamtoge 24. Reasoning Use the cubes
with side lengths of 1, 2,
and 3 units.
a. Find the surface area ~
of each cube.
b. If the length of each side of a cube is doubled, how does that
affect the surface area?
c. If the length of each side of a cube is tripled, how does that
affect the surface area?

10-5 Surface Area: Prisms and Cylinders 549

 @ 25. Construction The concrete figure at the left has a hole in it. The
surface will be painted except for the inside of the hole. Find the
total surface area to be painted to the nearest square foot.
26. Reasoning Which has the greater effect on the surface area of a
[ ]Sff > ]
cylinder: doubling the base radius or doubling the height? Justify
your answer.

Test Prep

±E".7
Multiple Choice 27.

A,ocm
B. the cylinder
C. They would cost the same.
D. cannot be determined
'
5cm 5 cm lo
Test-Taking Tip
When a test question 28. What is the approximate
asks for the surface surface area of the space figure 27 cm 27 cm
area of a prism, you can represented by the net?
sketch the net of the
F. 8, 777 cm? /84.8 cm
prism to help visualize
the entire surface. G. 8,333 cm?
H. 8,202 cm? 90.cm
I. 4,387 cm?

29. Each edge of cube is 40 cm long. What is the surface area of the
cube? Use 2.5 cm = 1 in.
A. 256 in.2 B. 1,536 in.? C. 3,840 in.? D. 9,600 in.?

# ;%no to er
5,e lesson auiz at
30. A cylinder has height 10 in. and base radius 2.5 in. What is its
lateral area, to the nearest whole unit?
: www.PHSchool.com F. 235 in.2 G. 215 in.2 H. 196 in.2 I. 157 in.?
: · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-1005

Mixed Review

Lesson 10-4 Name each space figure.

31. 32.
3 .0>
Lesson 9-9 Graph each point and its image after a reflection over the given line.
34. A (0, 9); x-axis 35. B(-3,S);y-axis 36. C(3, -l);x = 2

Lesson 6-2 4 37. Recipes A recipe that serves 6 people calls for } teaspoon of salt.
In preparing this recipe for 25 people, about how many teaspoons
of salt should you use?

550 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 Readin
Math rormuia
For Use With Page 546, Example 2

For the example below, follow along with how Diana reads and uses
the formulas. Check your understanding by solving the exercises at
the bottom of the page.
Find the surface area of the
triangular prism at the right. ti
4cm 6n 12cm

What Viaa Reads What Viana Thinks

Surface area means
lateral area plus base areas.

Step 1 Find the lateral area. In the Step 1 formula,

L.A.= ph L.A. is the lateral area.
= (5 + 5 + 6)12 p is the perimeter of the base,
sop= 5 + 5 + 6.
= 192
h is the height of the prism,
so h = 12.
Using these values, the Step 1
formula gives L.A. = 192 cm?.

Step 2 Find the surface area. In the Step 2 formula,

S.A. = L.A. + 2B S. A. is the surface area.
L.A. is the lateral area, 192, from Step 1.
=192 + 2(3·6-4)
= 192 + 24 2B is the area of the 2 bases.

= 216 Each base is a triangle with area B.

Use the formula for area of a triangle
The surface area of the and find B = 3(base)(height) = 3(6)(4).
triangular prism is 216 cm?
Using these values, the Step 2
formula gives S.A. = 216 cm?

EXERCISES
Write the formulas you use to find the surface area of each figure.
Give the meaning and value of each letter or letters in the formula.
1 2 3cm
.3in.~
5in. 20in. ": 4 cm 10.5 cm

Reading Math Reading a Formula 551

[ so [
106
Illlllllle!NW
Allll
Nlll3ANNI!Ii
Surface Area:
Pyramids, Cones, and Spheres
OBJECTIVE

What You'll Learn

V
OBJECTIVE

To find surface areas

'Ellmm,NTL:pr
of pyramids
y
OBJECTIVE
To find surface areas
In this text, all pyramids are regular pyramids. They have regular
polygons for bases and congruent isosceles triangles for lateral faces.
of cones and spheres

... And Why Slant

To find surface areas of real- hew·ght :: Laface
. teral
world objects, such as a
basketball __ ,,.- e-- --- --"-'-I

b Base r1 7

f Check Skills You'll Need

Use the Order of
You can use the slant height (,the height of a face, to find the area
Operations to simplify
of the lateral faces. If n is the number of lateral triangular faces,
each expression.
L.A.is n(3bot) or 3pe.
1.39) + 3(8)
2.302) +3asr) Key Concepts ] Surface Area of a Pyramid
3.} (24r) + {Gr) The lateral area of a pyramid is one half the product ~ ·
of the perimeter of the base and the slant height. // }
4.3(32r) + }(14r)
The surface area of a pyramid is the sum of the B ±....-y -¢

] ror help, go to Lesson 5-4. [ @terat area and the area of the base.

New Vocabulary L • = 37 SA. = L.A.+B

• slant height

1 EXAMPLE Finding Surface Area of a Pyramid

Find the surface area of the square pyramid.

16 cm
Step 1 Find the lateral area.
L.A.= 3p Use the formula for lateral area.

=3·48·16 p = 4(12) and ('= 16.

= 384
Step 1 Find the surface area.
S.A. = L.A. + B Use the formula for surface area.
=384 + 12° L.A.=384and B = 12°.
• nteractive lesson
fk±i
= 384 + 144
includes instant self-check, = 528
tutorials, and activities. • The surface area of the pyramid is 528 cm?

552 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

f Check Understanding Example 1
1. A pyramid has a square base with edge 20 ft. The slant height is
8 ft. Find the surface area.

OBJECTIVE

In this text, every cone is a right Slant

Height
circular cone with the vertex of the
cone directly over the center of the +' ~e
circular base. Lateral \\
Area
L.A.is 3 (2rr)or L.A.= mrt. r t
Circumference
,

Key Concepts Surface Area of a Cone

The surface area (S.A.) of a cone is the sum of
the lateral area and base area.
L.A. = 7r( S.A. =L.A.+ B

2 EXAMPLE Finding Surface Area of a Cone

Find the surface area of the cone at the right.

L.A. = nre Use the formula for lateral area. ~
=3.14(49(10) r=4and (€ = 10. \IO cm
=125.6 >

S.A. = L.A. + B Use the formula for surface area. 4 cm

=125.6 + 3.14(4)° L.A.= 125.6 and B = n(4}.
= 125.6 + 50.24
= 175.84
The surface area of the cone is about 176 cm-.

af Check Understanding Example 2

2. A cone has slant height 39 ft and radius 7 ft. Find it surface area.

A sphere has the same area as four circles with the same radius.

Key Concepts] Surface Area of a Sphere

The surface area of a sphere of radius r is
S.A. = 4mr?

10-6 Surface Area: Pyramids, Cones, and Spheres 553

 3 EXAMPLE Real-World ,) Problem Solving

Basketball Calculate the surface area of a basketball.

S.A. == 4pr' Use the formula for surface area.

=4(3.14y(5)° r = 5

= 314
] f) jp. [ The surface area of the basketball is about 314 in.2.

f Check Uderstanding Example 3

3. A sphere has a radius of 6 cm. Find its surface area. ·

You can find the surface area of a space figure that combines two or
more figures you have studied.

More Than One Way

Find the surface area of the silo formed by a half
sphere and a cylinder. The diameter of the silo is 20 ft.

ea?' '
Roberto's Method rd

it'a5>
a

Find the area of each opace figure. Then find their sum.
One half sphere Cylinder
72 ft
Iiii S.A.=3(Arr") LA= 2mrh

=349(5.1410?) =2(5.14t0)(72)
=628 = 4,521.6
Surface area of silo is about 628 + 4,521.6, or 5,149.6 ft?

lasmie's Method
Combine formulas before substituting values.
Surface area = 35.A. + L.A
of silo of sphere of cylinder
=3(4r) + 2rh
= 2n + 2rrh
= 2nr(r + h)
= 2(3.14 )(10)(10 + 72)
= 5,149.6
urface area of silo i about 5,149.6 ft

Choose a Method
1. Which method do you prefer? Explain.

554 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

EXERCISES ts, more exercises, see Extra Practice.
Practice and Problem Solving

0 Practice by Example Find the surface area of each space figure, to the nearest square unit.
Examples 1--3 1. 22cm 2. ~ 3.
(pages 552 and 553) 15 in.
-----
6 in.

4. 4 yd 5. 20cm 6
· AlOin.

»
7. The length of the base of a square pyramid is 5 cm. Its slant
height is 8 cm. Find the surface area of the square pyramid.
8. The base of a cone has radius 3 ft. Its slant height is 8 ft. Find the
surface area of the cone.
~ 9. Engineering A spherical ball bearing has a radius of 8 mm. Find
the surface area of the ball bearing.

0 Apply Your Skills Find the surface area of each space figure, to the nearest square unit.
10. 11. 1.5 m 12.

4.5 cm
'% 4.5 m

@ 13. Geography A globe has a diameter of 18 inches. What is the

surface area of the globe to the nearest square inch?
14. Error Analysis A friend tells you that the surface area of a square
prism with base length 4 m and height 5 m is the same as the
surface area of a square pyramid with base length 4 m and height
5 m. Explain your friend's error.
15. Writing,in Math Write a paragraph explaining how to find the
surface area of a cone with slant height 10 in. and base radius 8 in.

3) aamtaoge Find the surface area of each figure to the nearest square unit.
16. 17. 3m 18. 12 ft

11 ft
2m

10-6 Surface Area: Pyramids, Cones, and Spheres 555

 6 19. Architecture The spherical planetarium (left) at the American
Museum of Natural History in New York City is 87 ft in diameter.
a. What is the surface area of the sphere?
b. The sphere is covered by 2,474 panels to absorb sound. What is the
average area of each panel, to the nearest tenth of a square foot?
20. Reasoning Which has the greater surface area, a cylinder with
height 2 in. and radius of base 2 in., or a sphere with radius 2 in.?
Justify your answer.
21. Geography Approximately 70% of Earth's surface is covered by
water. If the diameter of Earth is approximately 13,000 km, find
the approximate surface area not covered by water.

Test Prep

Multiple Choice 22. What is the surface area of

the figure at the right?
A. 2,150 in.2
B. 2,600 in.?

# ;a iio le er
5,ne lesson quiz at
C. 3,000 in.2
D. 3,200 in.?
20 in. 20 in.

E www.PHSchool.com 23. What is the ratio of the surface area of a sphere with radius 2 ft to
........ · Web Code: ada-1006
the surface area of a sphere with radius 5 ft?
F. 2 to 5 G. 4 to 25 H. 16 to 125 I. 18 to 20
Extended Response 24. A water storage tank with a roof that is in the shape of a cone has
a diameter of 10 ft. The height of the cylindrical part of the tank is
15 ft. The slant height of the roof is 8 ft. (a) What is the radius of
the tank? (b) What is the lateral area of the cylindrical part of the
tank? (c) What is the surface area of the entire tank?

Mixed Review
Lesson 10-5 Find the surface area to the nearest square unit.
25. 24 in.
12 in. I:
I
I

Lesson 8-7 27. Under rate plan A a new computer costs $200 down and $20 a
month. Under rate plan B the computer costs $175 down and
$25 a month. After how many months will the amount paid be
the same for both plans?

Lesson 4-1 List all the factors of each number.

28. 21 29. 100 30. 25 31. 32

556 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 Volume: 10-7
Prisms and Cylinders
OBJECTIVE

'Elum7ISL What You'll Learn

Y To find volumes
of prisms
The volume of a three-dimensional figure is the number of cubic
units needed to fill it. A cubic unit is the space occupied by a cube Y To find volumes of
cylinders
with edges one unit long.
. .. And Why
To solve real-world
Consider filling the problems, such as finding
rectangular prism at volumes of containers
the right with
centimeter cubes. 4cm
af Check Skills You'll Need
Find the area of
8cm
each circle.
1. radius = 8 cm
The bottom layer of 2. radius = 12 cm
the prism contains
8 · 5 = 40 centimeter 3. diameter = 20 cm
cubes, or a volume of
40 cm3 ( cubic centimeters).
1 For help, go to Lesson 10-3.
New Vocabulary
• volume
The prism has four r
r J r
--
» r»
rm
a
»
»
»
»
rm
• cubic unit
layers of cubes, so it contains rm r
Jr
r ~
r »
»
r
J
r
r»
J»
Jr
»
~ »
X
®
4 · 40, or 160, centimeter /
h'
L
cubes in all. ✓

h'
/

,...v L'

The volume of the prism is 160 cm?

The volume found for the rectangular prism above suggests the
following formula.

Key Concepts Volume of a Prism

The volume V of a prism is the
product of the base area B and I
I
I
the height h. I
I
h
V= Bh -- -=,
• interactive lesson
(fja@
includes instant self-check,
tutorials, and activities.

10-7 Volume: Prisms and Cylinders 557

 1 EXAMPLE Finding Volume of a Prism

Find the volume of the triangular prism at the left.

6cm
I

10 c;(::!0c-------:Z> V= Bh
= 30 · 21
Use the formula for volume.
B =1. 1 O • 6 = 30 cm?
2
21 cm = 630 Simplify.
@ The volume is 630 cm,
a/ Check Uderstanding Example 1
1. Find the volume of the triangular prism.
8 ft

OBJECTIVE

You can calculate the volume of a cylinder in much the same way
that you calculate the volume of a prism.

Kev Cottcepts J Volume of a Cylinder

The volume V of a cylinder is the
base area B times the height h.
pc»,
V= Bh 7»
B

2 EXAMPLE Real-World ,,) Problem Solving

Packaging Find the volume of the juice can 3.4 cm

to the nearest cubic centimeter.
V= Bh Use the formula for volume.
V = nr-h B = nr?
Replace r with 3.4, 12cm
=3.14·3.4°·12 and h with 12.
= 435.5808 Simplify.
@ The volume is about 436 cm.

af Check Uderstanding Example 2

2. a. Find the volume of the cylinder to the nearest cubic foot.
b. How does the volume of this 11 ft

558 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

cylinder compare with one
having twice its dimensions?
EE-
EXERCISES ] ror more exercises, see Extra Practice.
Practice and Problem Solving

0 Practice by Example Find the volume of each prism.

Example 1 2. 3.
(page 558) 10 cm 2m

4m

Example 2 For Exercises 4-7, find the volume of each cylinder to the nearest
(page 558) cubic unit.
4.

21 in.

7. a. a mailing tube 25 in. long with a diameter of 4 in.

b. a mailing tube with double the dimensions in part (a)
c. How do the volumes of the two mailing tubes compare?

{:3) Apply Your skills @ 8. Firewood Wood for a fireplace is often sold by the cord. A cord
is 8 ft by 4 ft by 4 ft. How many cubic feet are in a cord of wood?
@ 9. Storage An under-the-bed storage box measures 24 in. by 12 in.
by 3 in. Find its volume to the nearest cubic centimeter
(1 in. = 2.54 cm).

Find each missing dimension. Use n == 3.14.

»J 7 x

V = 38.5 ft?
2;ft
V= 125.6 in.
X

Length= Height=■

"a» I 9 cm
V = 50.4 cm
3.5 cm
13. 16 m

V=1.256 m?
'
Height of triangle= Diameter = LI

rili
ng in Math Describe one real object with the given shape.
Explain why you might want to find the volume of the object.
14. triangular prism 15. cylinder 16. rectangular prism
\
10-7 Volume: Prisms and Cylinders 559
·\
 (3l) challenge @ 17. Construction Concrete is sold by the yard, which means by the
cubic yard. It costs $70 per yard. How many cubic feet are in
a cubic yard? How much would it cost to pour a slab that is
14 ft by 16 ft by 6 in. for a patio?
18. Reasoning The two stacks of paper in the photo at the left
contain the same number of sheets. The first stack forms an
oblique prism; the second forms a right prism. The stacks have
the same height, base, and volume. Use this information to find
3 in.
the volume of the oblique prism shown below the stacks.
19. Error Analysis A student explains that a cylinder with radius 1 in.
and height 3 in. has half the volume of one with radius 2 in. and
height 3 in. Explain the student's error.

r. ,
«]
6 (a
[@»
Test Prep
7ye

Multiple Choice 20. One side of a triangle is 5 cm and its corresponding height is
15 cm. The triangle is the base of a triangular prism with height
5 cm. What is the volume of the prism?
A. 12.5 cm? B. 37.5 cm? C. 187.5 cm? D. 375.0 cm?

21. What is the height of a rectangular prism with length 5 ft, width
2 ft, and volume 120 ft??
F. 12 ft G. 1 Oft H. 6 ft I. 2 ft
Extended Response 22. A manufacturer is deciding whether to package table salt in a cylinder
or in a rectangular prism made of cardboard. The cylinder has radius
4 cm and height 13.5 cm. The prism is 7 cm by 7 cm by 13.5 cm.
'#% no le er
5,nae lesson auiz a
a. What volume of salt will each package hold?
b. Each package will use how many square centimeters of cardboard?
www.PHSchool.com c. Which seems to be the better type of package? Explain.
· · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-1007

Mixed Review

Lesson 10-6 Find the surface area of each figure, to the nearest square unit.
23.

I1.
24. 25.
5cm
m
6cm J, 3 in.

Lesson 9-2 26. If a I b in the figure at the right, find the

Lesson 5-6 4 27.

measures of angles 2-8 in terms of x.

Money Juan has $3.80 in coins. He has 6

--------
a

b
quarters and 12 dimes. The rest are nickels.
How many nickels does he have?

560 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 A calculator can help you avoid a rounding error. However, you have
to know how to work with exact values in unsimplified form.

EXAMPLE

Find the volume of a cylinder with height 6 and circumference 15.

Round to the nearest tenth.
6 in.
Method 1 Method 2 see»

C= 2rr formula for circumference C= 2mr

15= 2nr C = 15 15= 2nr
15, Divide by 2. 15,
2 n 2
2.4 = r Simplify (at left).

V= Bh formula for volume V= Bh

= nr-h B = nr! =nr-h
=m(2.4)(6) Replace r and h. (E)'o»
@ = 108.6 Use a calculator. = 107.4

In Method 1, the intermediate value r = 2.4 gives a final result that

has a greater rounding error. In Method 2, note that the formula for
volume uses the exact value of the radius, 3].

EXERCISES
What intermediate value must you find to solve the problem?
Give its exact value and its approximate value to the nearest tenth.
1. Find the area of a circle with circumference 12.
2. Find the volume of a cylinder with radius 3 and lateral area 10.
Solve each problem to the nearest tenth by two methods. In one
method, use an approximate intermediate value. In the other method,
use the exact intermediate value.
3. Find the surface area of a cone with slant height 5 and lateral area 9.
4. Find the surface area of a sphere with circumference 13.
5. Find the surface area and volume of a cylinder with lateral area 10
and height 8.
6. Writing in Math In the Example, which method do you think
makes better use of the calculator? Explain.
10-3
-= Solving
g;pg Make a Model

lirtSDD
OBJECTIVE

What You'll Learn

V
OBJECTIVE
To make a model

Math Strategies in Action Architects build and use models when

... And Why they plan. When they design buildings, they experiment with models.
To build the largest When they design packaging, they first create prototype models.
box possible from a
given rectangle

s Check Skills You'll Need

Draw each figure
described below.
1. a rectangle with
small squares drawn
in each corner
2. a rectangle divided
into eight congruent
rectangles
3. two parallelograms
that have different
shapes but the
same perimeter
{ ror help, go to Lesson 9-3. 1 EXAMPLE Real-World ,) Problem Solving

Packaging A box company makes boxes to hold popcorn. Each box

is made by cutting the square corners out of a rectangular sheet of
cardboard. The rectangle is 8% in. by 11 in. What are the dimensions
of the box that will hold the most popcorn if the square corners have
side lengths 1 in., 2 in., 3 in., and 4 in.?

(Read and Understand )

1. What is the goal of the problem?

2. What information do you have to help you build a model?

(Plan and solve.)

To find the size that will hold the greatest amount of popcorn, you
must find the dimensions that will give you the greatest volume.

562 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 Build four boxes using sheets of 8} in.-by-Il in. paper. Test four
whole-number lengths of cuts.
s llin. l

I 7---------- Cut
-I
#, out
L1in. ,
I
Fold
s! '

r~-- - _
- - - - - -~
---
3. a. What are the dimensions of the box with corners
1 in. by 1 in.?
b. What is the volume of this box?

4. When you cut a 2 in.-by-2 in. square from each corner, what
effect does that have on the length, width, and height of
the box?

Measure to find the dimensions of each of your boxes. Then find the
volume of each box.
5. Which box has the greatest volume?

6. Is it possible to create a box that has 5 in.-by-5 in. corners?

Explain.

( Look Back and Check J

A table is another way to organize your information and solve
the problem.
7. List the size of the cut, and then find the length, width,
and height of the box. Find each volume.

Size of Cut Length Width Height Volume

i
1 in. 9 in. 6.5 in. 1 in. 58.5 in.3
2 in. in. .l in. in.
s in.> <
isl

¥ a

3 in. in. in. in. in.3

;
4 in. in. in. # in. ' in.>

a Check Understanding
8. a. Use a table to find the volume of a box folded from an
8% in.-by-ll in. sheet of paper if the square corners are
11·
5in.,·21·
5in.,.31·
51n.
b. Did you find dimensions of a box that holds a greater volume
than you did in Question 72 Which dimensions are they?

10-8 Make a Model 563

EXERCISES / ror more exercises, see Extra Practice.
Practice and Problem Solving

w ace by Example Solve by making a model.

Example 1 1. You cut square corners off a piece of cardboard with dimensions
(page 562) 16 in. by 20 in. You then fold the cardboard to create a box with
no lid. To the nearest inch, what dimensions will give you the
greatest volume?
8-Page Signature 2. Publishing Newspapers, books, and magazines often are printed
sS
I
I 9 s } in groups of 8, 16, or 32 pages, called signatures. The diagram at
I
I the left shows how pages should be positioned for an 8-page
---+--- ---+--- signature. The pages are positioned to print on both sides of the
I 1
I I
paper that is fed through the printing press. When the paper is
2 I
7 8 I
1
I I
folded, the pages are in order. Make a model to show one way to
Side 1 Side2
position the pages in a 16-page book.

0 Apply Your Skills Solve using any strategy.

3. The length of a rectangle is twice its width. The perimeter of the
rectangle is 90 cm. What are the length and width?
r-V®ts9l®5=-( @ 4. Packaging A company packages snack mix in cylindrical tubes.
Each tube is made from a rectangle of cardboard. The bases of
• Account for All
Possibilities
the cylinder are plastic. The cardboard comes in 8% in.-by-1I in.
• Draw a Diagram
sheets. To hold the greatest amount of mix, should the longer side
• Look for a Pattern
or shorter side be the height? Justify your answer.
• Make a Model @ 5. Pets A dog owner wants to use 200 ft of fencing to enclose the
• Make a Table greatest possible area for his dog. He wants the fenced area to be
• Simplify the Problem rectangular. What dimensions should he use?
• Simulate the Problem
• Solve by Graphing
6. Writin
g,in Math You want to find how the length of a pendulum
• Try, Test, Revise
affects the time the pendulum takes to swing back and forth.
• Use Multiple Strategies
Explain how you would model the situation.
• Work Backward 7. An alphabet book will have one letter on each page. Eight pages
• Write an Equation
• Write a Proportion
J will be printed on a single piece of paper. You fold the paper in
half. Then you fold it in half again and trim the edges. The eight
pages appear in order. Draw the layout for two sides of the large
sheet for the letters A-H. Explain why two layouts are possible.
3) aanoge 8. Reasoning In the parts (a)-(c), how many of the indicated
cubes are there in this 3-by-3-by-3 cube?
a. l-by-1-by-1 cubes
b. 2-by-2-by-2-cubes •
c. 3-by-3-by-3 cubes
d. How many 3-by-3-by-3 cubes
would be in a 5-by-5-by-5 cube?
9. One base of a trapezoid is twice as long as the other base. The
height is the same as the shorter base. If the area is 24 cm, what
is the height of the trapezoid?

564 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 I
Multiple Choice 10. Which space figure below can you fold from the net at the left?

i "i
11. A rectangle has a perimeter of 24. The length and width are
's
integers. For the least possible area, what are its dimensions?
F. 1 by 11 G. 1 by 24 H. 2 by 4 I. 6 by 6

12. A pyramid and a rectangular prism have the same base and
#Z;a row uEr
5,re lesson quiz at
height. The volume of the rectangular prism is how many times
the volume of the pyramid?
' www.PHSchool.com
: · · · · · · · · Web Code: ada-1008
A. 3 B. 3 c.2 D.3

g Mixed Review

Lesson 10-7 Find the volume of each figure, to the nearest tenth.
13. 14.
25.5cm 15.

3cm 5.5 cm
2cm 3 ft
5cm

Lesson 8-2 Find the solutions of each equation when x is 0, 1, and -1.
16. 2x y = 10 17. 5.x + y = 15 18. 2x + 3y = 6

Checkpoint Quiz 2 Lessons 10-4 through 10-8

•
(flj=@ instant self-check
quiz online and
on CD-ROM square unit.
1. ~ I
_J-->
2.
LJ
Name each space figure. Find its surface area, to the nearest
3 in.
3.
Ars
[
, ·
ff---
6cm
=

2cm _> <

-' 6cm 8in. 5cm
2cm 5cm

Find the volume of each figure to the nearest tenth.

5.

'a=- 7cm
6. Open-Ended Choose a space figure.
Draw its net.

10-8 Make a Model 565

\
10-9 Volume:
Pyramids, Cones, and Spheres
' ,,j
OBJECTIVE

What You'll Learn

ij5 ro find volumes of
KlmmmmmTITTNT2AD
pyramids and cones
0
vj' To find volumes
You can fill three cones with sand and pour the contents into a
cylinder with the same height and radius. You will fill the cylinder
of spheres
evenly to the top .
. . . And Why r r r r
To find out how much water
is displaced by a space figure

sf Check Skills You'll Need

Multiply.
w
h
}
+ + = h
------3
The volume of the cone is one third the volume of the cylinder.

1.33.1492)(6) The same relationship is true of a pyramid and a prism with the
same base and height.
2.{4(4-(6)
3.{G.1492
Key Concepts Volume of a Cone and of a Pyramid ~
4.$43.149(0.5)°
The volume V of a cone or a ~h ~
/f
] ror help, go to Lesson 5-4. pyramid is } the product of the
base area B and the height h.
r !'

2---'%-s /......5
·· B
V={Bh B-

1 EXAMPLE Finding Volume of a Cone

Find the volume of the cone.

V== Bh Use the formula for volume.
~Oft
V= ±nr?h B = nr° 3 ft
Replace r with 3
=}G.1493)-10) and h with 10. Simplify.
= 94.2
o The volume of the cone is about 94 ft-
s Check Uderstanding Example 1
• interactive lesson
(jag
1. Find the volume, to the nearest cubic unit, of a cone with
height 5 cm and radius of base 2 cm.
includes instant self-check,
tutorials, and activities.

566 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 2 EXAMPLE Finding Volume of a Pyramid

Find the volume of the square pyramid.

V= {Bh Use the formula for volume.

v={-h B = s?
6 ft
={6)a0) Replace s with 6 and h with 10.

= 120 Simplify.

• The volume of the pyramid is 120 ft3.

sf Check Understanding Example 2

2. Find the volume of a square pyramid that has a side of 5 ft and
a height of 20 ft.

OBJECTIVE

gli mmmmm:so
Below is the formula for the volume of a sphere.

Key Concepts Volume of a Sphere

The volume V of a sphere with radius
r is { times the cube of the radius.
4 3
V 5rr'
=

3 EXAMPLE Real-World ,) Problem Solving

Snow Spheres You build a snow statue with snow spheres.

What is the volume of the snow in the bottom sphere?
V= ]mr? Use the volume formula.

=3(3.149(1.5)° Replacer with 1.5.

= 14.13 Simplify.

• The volume of the bottom snow sphere is about 14 ft3.

sf Check Uderstanding Example 3 3 ft

3. Find the volume of each sphere to the nearest whole number.
a. radius = 15 m b. diameter = 7 mi •

10-9 Volume: Pyramids, Cones, and Spheres 567

EXERCISES f ror more exercises, see Extra Practice.
Practice and Problem Solving

) waa by Example In Exercises 1-4, find the volume of each cone to the nearest
cubic unit. 20 in.
Example 1 2.
(page 566) 1.~

2 yd

3. height 12 cm, radius 21 cm 4. height 7 in., radius 7 in.

Example 2 In Exercises 5-8, find the volume of each square pyramid.

(page 567)
5. 6.

9 in. 10 ft
7. edge 3.2 cm, 8. edge 90 mm,
height 6 cm height 300 mm

Example 3 Find the volume of each sphere to the nearest whole number.
(page 567)
9. 10.

11. r
E9
= 12 cm 12. r = 3.5 in. 13. d = 60 yd 14. d = 30 m

{:3) Apply Your Skills @ 15. Plants A cone-shaped paper cup is 7 cm high with a diameter of
6 cm. If the ivy plant on Julia's desk needs 240 mL of water, about
how many paper cups of water will she use to water it? (1 mL = 1 cm3)
) 16. Snacks How much frozen yogurt can you pack inside a cone that
is 5 in. high with a radius of 1.25 in.?
reis " 17. Packaging Tennis balls with a diameter of 2.5 in. are sold in cans
"V of three (left). The can is a cylinder. What is the volume of the
space in the can not occupied by tennis balls? Assume the balls
touch the can on the sides, top, and bottom.
18. Writing in MathExplain how you remember formulas for finding
volumes of prisms and pyramids, cylinders and cones, and spheres.
19. Physics You place a steel ball with diameter 4 cm in a water-filled
cylinder that is 5 cm in diameter and 10 cm high. What volume of
water will spill out of the cylinder?

568 Chapter 10 Area and Volume

 Find the missing dimension. Round to the nearest unit.
20. 12cm 21.

6cm

V = 819 cm V= 38 cm?
Height= Height=
22. Sphere: volume = 367 yd, diameter =
23. Cone: volume = 424 m, diameter = 18 m, height=
3) awtease 24. You want to fill the top part of an hourglass full
of salt. The height of the hourglass is 20 cm, and
the radius of the base is 8 cm. Find the volume
of salt needed.
25. Error Analysis A student tells a class that if you
double the radius of a sphere, the volume will be multiplied by 6.
Explain the student's error.

s' 4e
rest Prep
ge

! Gridded Response 26. The eight segments from the center of a cube to the eight corners
of the cube form the edges of six pyramids. If one edge of the
cube is 4 in., what is the volume of each pyramid, to the nearest
cubic inch?

27. What is the volume of a square pyramid with height 3.25 yd and
base edge 5.5 yd, to the nearest tenth of a cubic yard?

28. What is the volume of a sphere with diameter 5.5 m, to the

nearest cubic meter?
29. What is the volume of a cone with radius 4.8 cm and height 12 cm,

# ;» note arr
5,e lesson quiz at
to the nearest tenth of a cubic centimeter? Use 3.14 for n.
30. How many cones of radius 1 m and height 1 m have total volume
E www.PHSchool.com equal to the volume of a sphere with radius 1 m?
······--- Web Code: ada-1009

w Mixed Review

Lesson 7-5 Solve each equation.

5 1#+12
31.{¥ = 32.5y+ 2=3y -10 33. 3a + 10= 12=- 2a

Lesson 5-9 Simplify each expression. 2 2

34. (3ab"? 35.-(4x)° 36. (-2)° 3z.(}) 3.({)
y

10-9 Volume: Pyramids, Cones, and Spheres 569

 '
J
Pf,gTest-Taking Choosing Cannot Be Determined
EX
il
l5
tl Strategies

Some multiple-choice questions cannot be answered because there is

insufficient information or there is more than one possible answer.
If so, then one of the answer choices will be "cannot be determined."

1 EXAMPLE

What is the surface area of the figure at the right?

A. 2,600 in.2 B. 3,200 in.2 C. 8,600 in.2 D. cannot be determined

The bottom part is a cube. You know its length, width, and height, 20 in.
so you can find its base area and its lateral area. The top part is a
pyramid. You know the perimeter of the base, but you need to
know the slant height of its faces to find its lateral area.
20 in.
• There is insufficient information. The correct choice is D. 20 in.

2 EXAMPLE

A rectangular prism with height 5 cm has volume 60 cm? What is the

perimeter of the base?
F. 14 cm G. 16 cm H. 26 cm I. cannot be determined

You know V = Bh.

60 = B(S) Replace V with 60 and h with 5.

12 = B Solve for 8.

For B = 12 cm2, the rectangular base can be 1 cm by 12 cm, 2 cm by

6 cm, or 3 cm by 4 cm. The perimeter can be 26 cm (choice H), 16 cm
(choice G), or 14 cm (choice A).
• There is more than one possible answer. The correct choice is I.

EXERCISES
If the answer to an exercise cannot be determined, choose "cannot be
determined" and explain your reasoning.
1. The base of a square prism has sides of 14 in. What is the surface
area of the prism?
A. 56 in.2 B. 196 in.2 C. 784 in.? D. cannot be determined

2. A trapezoid has height 8 and area 28. What are the lengths of
its bases?
F. 6 and 1 G. 5 and 2 H. 4 and 3 I. cannot be determined

570 Test-Taking Strategies "Cannot Be Determined"

 Chapter Review

Vocabulary
altitude (p. 523) cylinder (p. 539) slant height (p. 552)
altitude of a triangle (p. 527) lateral area (p. 546) space figure (p. 539)
area (p. 522) net (p. 540) sphere (p. 539)
cone (p. 539) prism (p. 539) surface area (p. 545)
cubic unit (p. 557) pyramid (p. 539) volume (p. 557)

Reading Math Choose the vocabulary term that correctly completes the sentence.

Ill Understanding
Vocabulary 1. The sum of the areas of the lateral faces of a prism is the _1_
of a prism.
2. A ? is a space figure with one circular base and one vertex.
3. The_? of a parallelogram is a line segment drawn from the
side opposite the base to the base, that is perpendicular to
the base.
4. The_? of a three-dimensional figure is the number of cubic
units needed to fill it.
5. The set of all points in space that are a given distance from a
given point called the center is a ?
# ;a no le er
5,re vocabulary auz
6. A _1_ has two parallel bases that are congruent circles.
! at www.PHSchool.com 7. The ? of a figure is the number of square units it encloses.
· · · · · · · · · Web Code: adj-1051

Skills and Concepts

10-1 and 10-2 Objectives The area of a polygon is the number of square units enclosed by the
To find areas of polygon. To find the areas of parallelograms, triangles, or trapezoids,
rectangles (p. 522) use the appropriate formulas.
To find areas of parallelogram triangle trapezoid
parallelograms (p. 523)
T To find areas of triangles A= bh A = {bh A= 3Jh(b, + b;)
2
(p. 527)
To find areas of Find the area of the shaded region in each figure.
trapezoids (p. 528)
8. Parallelogram 9. Trapezoid 10.
2cm

LJ4cm
5cm
5 yd

9m 2.5 yd

Chapter 10 Chapter Review 571

10-3 Objectives To find the area of a circle, use the formula A = nr2. Use 3.14 for n.

E)13. 0
T To find areas of circles
(p. 532) Find the area of each figure to the nearest square unit.

".»
y To find areas of irregular

»
figures that include 12. 14.
parts of circles (p. 534) 8mm
[]p e

10-4 Objectives Name pyramids and prisms by the shapes of their bases. A cylinder is
To identify common a space figure with two circular bases. Cones have one circular base
space figures (p. 539) and one vertex. Nets are flat patterns for space figures.
To identify space figures
from nets (p. 540) Name the space figure represented by each net.
15. 17.
16.~

10-5 Objectives The lateral area of a prism is 7 the sum of the areas of the lateral faces.
T To find surface areas of The lateral area of a cylinder is the area of the curved surface. The
prisms (p. 545) surface area of a prism or a cylinder is the sum of the lateral area and
y To find surface areas of the areas of the two bases.
cylinders (p. 547)
To find surface area, use the appropriate formula.
pnsm cylinder
L.A.= ph L.A.= 2rh
S.A. = L.A. + 2B S.A. = L.A. + 2B

Find the surface area to the nearest square unit. Use 3.14 for TT.

18. 19.

3cm6c2 C 300 m

4cm
20. 4cm 21.

3 in.
6cm '

5cm
572 Chapter 10 Chapter Review
10-6 Objectives For pyramids and cones, use slant height (to find the lateral area. For
y To find surface areas of a regular pyramid, if n is the number of lateral faces, you can find the
pyramids (p. 552) area of one face and then multiply by n. The lateral area of a cone is
T To find surface areas of the area of the curved surface. The surface area of a pyramid or a
cones and spheres cone is the sum of the lateral area and the base area.
(p. 553)
To find surface area, use the appropriate formula.
pyramid cone sphere
L.A.= n({t) L.A. =7r(
S.A. = L.A. + B S.A. = L.A. + B S.A. = 4rr-

Find the surface area of each figure, to the nearest square unit.
22. 23. 24. 25.

6cm 3cm
S 3ft

10-8 Objective To solve some problems, make a model.

To make a model 26. A gift box measures 6 in. along each edge. You cut a rectangular sheet
(p. 562)
of wrapping paper to get a single piece with which you can cover
the box without overlapping. What are the smallest possible
dimensions of the original sheet of wrapping paper?
27. A 12 m-by-15 m rectangular garden has a walk 1 m wide around
it. Describe how you would find the area of the walk.

10-7 and 10-9 Objectives Volume is the measure of how much a space figure can hold.
To find volumes To find volume, use the appropriate formula.
of prisms (p. 557)
To find volumes prisms and cylinders pyramids and cones spheres
of cylinders (p. 558)
V = Bh V =!Bh
3
V= {rr?
3
P To find volumes of cones
and pyramids (p. 566)
Find each volume to the nearest cubic unit.
To find volumes of
spheres (p. 567) 28. 29. 30. 31.

E #.·43
2

Chapter 10 Chapter Review 573

 Chapter Test # ino its ir
5%me chapter test at
www.PHSchool.com
· · · · · · · Web Code: ada-1052

Use 3.14 for Tr as needed on this page. Find the volume of each figure to the nearest
cubic unit.
Find the area of each figure.
15. 16.
1.

-
2.
/A%, 12 in.
4 ft
4m
3. 4. 17. 18.

F
6yd
[gya
t
8yd
\ § 4in.
-
2in.
2 in.
2cm~

5.

4m y 4m
m
6.
[=s»
I m

3m
19. The height of a rectangle is doubled while
the base is unchanged. How does this affect
the area? Explain.
20. In cubic feet, how much greater is the
volume of a cone with height 10 ft and
Find the missing measures. radius 6 ft than the volume of a square
pyramid with height 10 ft and base edge
7. circle 8. triangle
length 6 ft?
d = 4cm b = 7m
A= L cm2 h=4m 21. The diameter of Mars is about 4,000 mi.
A = Mm- a. Find the approximate surface area.
b. Find the approximate volume.
Name the space figure for each net. 22. A box is 25.5 cm by 17 cm by 5 cm.
10. a. How much dry dishwashing detergent
can it hold?
b. Without overlap, how much cardboard
is needed to make the box?
23. Writi
ng,in Math How is the formula for
volume of a prism like the formula for
Find the surface area of each figure. volume of a pyramid? How are the
11. 12. formulas different?
2cm
24. A rectangular piece of sheet metal
measures 26 in. by 20 in. A square
4cm measuring 2 in. by 2 in. is cut out of each
corner, and the sides are folded to form
14. I a box. What is the volume of the box?

"
I
I
I 2.5 cm 25. Open-Ended Draw a net for a
~15m I
I

.-....' 1.9cm rectangular prism.

574 Chapter 10 Chapter Test

 CUMULATIVE REVIEW
CHAPTERS 1-10

Multiple Choice Find each area to the nearest square unit.

Choose the best answer.

1. The average nose has about 6,000,000 cells
that detect odors. What is this number in
scientific notation?
A. 6· 10° B. 6-10°
»
Find the surf ace area of each figure to the
nearest square unit:
C. 6·10 D. 6· 10°

:T
11. 5
2. Which equation represents the statement
The sum of twice a number and five times
another number is 40? 6
a. sy- $©
F. 40 = 2x + Sy 12. ~: 21.2
" A
H. 2x ·5y= 40 I. Sy=
3. In which situation are two angles
3x + 40 15
17
31...
%
supplementary?
A. The sum of their measures is 180°.
B. They share a vertex.
C. The sum of their measures is 90°.
14.~8 15.@10
30
D. They have the same measure.

4. What space figure can Short Response

you form from the net? Find the volume of each figure, to the nearest
F. square pyramid cubic unit. Show your work.
G. triangular pyramid
H. triangular prism
I. hexagonal prism

5. Figure A is a rectangle 10 in. long and

7.5 in. wide. Figure B is a parallelogram
"l
18.
s
iom8.5mm

75f
"» l
12 m

with height 12 in. and base length 7.5 in.

Which statement is true?
19.
55m
~
f", .
-

A. area of A> area of B /: '8m

~i~ft
B. area of A < area of B 8m
C. area of A = area of B
D. cannot be determined

Gridded Response
20.

l 60 yd
"»
e%
Find each area.

<
7. 4 Extended Response

10
< 10
22. A cylinder has diameter 3 cm and height 6 cm.
(a) Draw and label a net. (b) Find the surface
area of the cylinder to the nearest square
centimeter. (c) Find the volume.
Playing Fields
Applying Area Have you ever played a team sport such as soccer,
basketball, or ice hockey? If so, you had to follow the rules of the game.
You probably found that these include rules about your appearance and
the equipment you use, as well as other game equipment such as
goals, backboards, or hockey pucks. There are even rules for the
space in which you play. One purpose of these rules
is to provide all players with an equal chance
of success.

Football Gridiron
Parallel lines run 5 yd apart from goal
line to goal line along the playing area
of a football field. The playing area, or
gridiron, is 300 ft long.

# iia n to the NET

(+formation about sports, go
acre

? to www.PHSchool.com.
: .. .. .. .. Web Code: ade- 1053
Hockey Rink Basketball Court Soccer Field
A hockey rink uses quarter circles with A basketball court can be up to 2 yd Each soccer team plays both
28-ft radii to keep the puck from shorter than regulation size and up ends of the field during a
getting caught in the corners. to 4 yd narrower. Its dimensions game, switching goals after
must remain in proportion. the first 45-min half.

Activity
1. Copy the table. Find the area of Playing Fields
each field. Sport Length Width Area
For Exercises 2 and 3, how many Basketball
times the area of the smaller field Professional and college 94 ft 50 ft
is the area of the larger field?
2. a soccer field and a football field
High school
Junior high school o
l)
82 ft
74 ft
46 ft
42 ft

-
3. a professional basketball court Fooiat ihrend.zones) 120yd ss}ya
and a junior high basketball court
Ice hockey 200 ft 85 ft
4., Writing in Math Why do you
think the basketball courts are
different sizes?
Soccer (maximum) <,
For Exercises 5--7, on each field, how much playing area is outside the
indicated part? Round to the nearest whole number where necessary.
5. a professional basketball court, outside the two rectangular free-throw
lanes, each 19 ft by 14 ft
6. a. a soccer field, outside two penalty areas, each 44 yd wide and 18 yd deep,
in front of each goal
b. the same field, outside the two penalty areas and the 10-yd-radius
center circle
7. a hockey rink, outside its five face-off circles, each with a radius of 15 ft
8. In the New York Giants' football stadium, the grass surface is
433 ft long and 269 ft wide. What is the area of the grass surface
outside the playing field?
 Where You've Been
• In Chapter 7, you learned to solve two-step equations and
inequalities, multi-step equations, equations with variables on
both sides, and to transform formulas.

• In Chapter 9, you learned about points, lines, and planes;

congruence, constructions, translations, symmetry, and reflections.

• In Chapter 10, you learned to calculate areas, surface areas,

and volumes.

e Diagnosing Readiness
•
&av Instant self-check
€111! ,line and on CD-ROM
(For help. go to the lesson in green.)

Understanding Coordinates (Lesson 1-10)

Ne
y
Re
6
Name the point with the given coordinates. e3
Ao 4
1. (0, 3) 2. (1,-4) 3. (-2, 2) G
J Ho 2 ·Q
4. (5,-1) 5. (3, 5) 6. (6, -4) • •E M

Write the coordinates of each point.

-8 6% 4
D
-2 0
-2
2 4
e/
6 8 -
7. A 8. E 9. M Pe
-4 e e/
10. J 11. L 12. P Ce

Simplifying Numbers With Exponents (Lesson 4-2)

Simplify each expression.

13. 10° 14. 6° 15. 2° 16. 9- 17. 11?
18. 0.2- 19. 7 20. 2.3° 21. 4° 22. 5°

Solving Proportions (Lesson 6-2)

Solve each proportion.

1 a h_ 20
25 . 24 4 2 c
23.4 12 24.¥°25 6 x 26. 5 35

27 · g_5 _ 32 28 18 .3 4 28 30 · 21 = 42
- 80 · g 10 29. 11 = m 13 a
X _ 40
32.. ]=©X 33 · 13
p
= 39
51 34 · 20 100

578 Chapter 11 Right Triangles in Algebra