EMBEDDED AUTOMOBILE ENGINE

LOCKING SYSTEM USING GSM

TECHNOLOGY
A TECHNICAL SEMINAR

Submitted by
B.Sreeya
19RH1A0213

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Mr.V.Brahmam Yadav
Assistant Professor of EEE

In partial fulfillment of the Academic Requirements for the Degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR

WOMEN
(Autonomous Institution-UGC, Govt. of India)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC with ‘A’ Grade
Band-Excellent National Ranking by ARIIA, Accepted by MHRD,Govt.of India
Approved by AICTE, ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution
NIRF Indian Ranking , Accepted by MHRD, Govt. of
India
Maisammaguda, Dhullapally(post), Secunderabad, TELANGANA

2022-23
 MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
(Autonomous Institution-UGC, Govt. of India)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC with ‘A’ Grade
Band-Excellent National Ranking by ARIIA, Accepted by MHRD,Govt.of India
Approved by AICTE, ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution
NIRF Indian Ranking , Accepted by MHRD, Govt. of
India
Maisammaguda, Dhullapally(post), Secunderabad, TELANGANA

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodies in this dissertation entitled ‘EMBEDDED
AUTOMOBILE ENGINE LOCKING SYSTEM USING GSM TECHNOLOGY’
being submitted by B.Sreeya (19RH1A0213) for partial fulfillment of the requirement for
the award of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering to Malla
Reddy Engineering College for Women, Maisammaguda, Secunderabad during the
academic year 2022 - 2023 is a record of bonafide piece of work, undertaken by her under
the supervision of the undersigned.

Supervisor’s Signature Head of the Department

Mr.V.Brahmam Yadav Mrs.Dr.S.Vijaya Madhavi
Assistant Professor of EEE Associate Professor and HOD
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 1
1. INTRODUCTION 2
2. PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN 3
2.1. Components, interfacing and protocols 4
2.1.1. Microcontroller unit 4
2.1.2. Features of the Microcontroller 5
2.1.3. DC power supply unit 6
2.1.4. 4x Matrix keypad 7
2.1.5.Liquid crystal display 8
2.1.6.12V Relay and DC fan 9
2.1.7. Gsm modem 9
2.1.8. Gsm mobile 9
2.1.9. Max232 line driver 10
2.1.10. AT24CO2EPROM 10
3. WORKING OF THE MODULE 11
3.1.Assembly of the system 15
3.2.Interfacing and protocols used 16
4. CONCLUSION 17
REFERENCES 18
EMBEDDED AUTOMOBILE ENGINE LOCKING SYSTEM USING GSM TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF EEE

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with the design & development of an embedded system, which is being

used to prevent /control the theft of a vehicle. The developed instrument is an embedded system

based on GSM technology. The instrument is installed in the engine of the vehicle. An

interfacing GSM modem is also connected to the microcontroller to send the message to the

owner’s mobile.The main objective of this instrument is to protect the vehicle from any

unauthorized access, through entering a protected password and intimate the status of the same

vehicle to the authorize person (owner) using Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication

technology.

This system deals with the concept of network security. The main concept in this design

is introducing the mobile communications into the embedded system. The entire designed unit is

on a single board.The utility of the GSM standard makes international roaming very common

between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the

world. GSM differs significantly from its predecessors in both signaling and speech clarity, as its

channels is digitized. It means that the GSM system is now considered as a third generation (3G)

mobile communication system.

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In these days, automobile thefts are increasing at an alarming rate all over the world. So

to escape from these thieves most of the vehicle owners have started using the theft control

systems. The commercially available anti-theft vehicular systems are very expensive. Here,

we make an attempt to develop an instrument based on 8051 microcontroller and operated

using GSM technology. The instrument is a simple and low cost vehicle theft control

embedded system.

The Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) is the most popular and accepted

standard for mobile phones in the world established in 1982 and it operates in 900 MHz

frequency. Over billion people use GSM service across the world. The utility of the GSM

standard makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators,

enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world. GSM differs

significantly from its predecessors in both signaling and speech clarity, as its channels is

digitized. It means that the GSM system is now considered as a third generation (3G) mobile

communication system.

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CHAPTER 2

PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN

All electronic components are assembled on a single Vero-board. After mounting and

soldering of the components and sockets as shown in the photograph, the other peripherals like

keypad,LCD,Buzzer microcontroller with other ICs are mounted/ inserted.For power supply unit a

230V AC followed by a step down transformer and a full wave bridge rectifier circuit is used as

shown in the circuit diagram.Alternatively a 12V DC supply from a 12V battery is use for circuit

operation.circuit is used as shown in the circuit diagram.

Now, output power supply is given 5v to MCU & 12v to Relay. Relay connected to pin-0 of

port-0 of the MCU. Keypad connected from pin 0 to 3 row wise and from pin 4 to 6 of port-1

column wise. GSM modem connected to pin 0&1of port-3. Again LCD is connected to the pin 0 to

7 of port -2 and pin 2 to pin 4 of port -0 as shown in the circuit

diagram. A 12V dc Fan is connected with the relay replicating the automobile engine. That means

The Complete Circuit board

the relay is activated the fan will move. Otherwise it will be idle. The L293D IC-1is interfaced

with port 0-5&6 and port 3-3 &4, where as L293D IC-2 is connected to port 0-1 &7 and port3-2 &

port1-7 as shown in the circuit diagram.

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2.1 COMPONENTS INTERFACINGS AND PROTOCOLS

1.AT89S52 Microcontroller

2.DC Power supply unit

3.4x3 Matrix keypad

4.16x2 Liquid crystal display

(LCD) 5.12V Relay and DC Fan

6.GSM Modem

7.GSM Mobile

8.MAX232 line driver

9.24C02 E2PROM

10.L293D motor driver & DC motor

11.Buzzer

12.DB9 connector

2.1.1 Microcontroller unit

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

(CMOS) 8- bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of flash programmable and erasable read only

memory (FPEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory

technology and is compatible with the industry standard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set and pin

out. The on-chip flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a

conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit central processing

unit (CPU) with flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller,

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which provides a highly flexible and cost effective applications.

Block Diagram

2.1.2 Features of the microcontroller:

1. It is a 8-bit microcontroller with 921.6 KHz.

2. It has got a external crystal oscillator with 11.0592 3.8kbytes

of flash ROM and 256 bytes of RAM

4.4 bidirectional I/O ports with 8 pins each

5.Three 16-bit timer/counters with 4 modes ofoperation.

6.A six-vector two-level interrupt architectur

7.A full duplex serial port(UART) with

28.8KHzfrequency 8.8-bit data bus and 16 bit address bus

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2.1.3 DC Power Supply Unit:

The DC power supply unit is divided into 4 elements as below.

1. 230V/12V step down Transformer.

2. Bridge Rectifier with 4 x 1N4007 diodes.

3. 470µF/35V Capacitor as a Filter.

4. 7805 Voltage Regulator IC.

Circuit diagram of power supply

This transformer steps down the incoming line voltage depending on the needs of the

power supply.This alternating voltage is then fed to the rectifier The rectifier is a diode circuit

that converts the ac to pulsating dc. This pulsating dc is then applied to the filter circuit.The

filter is a circuit that reduces the variations of the dc voltage. Here the capacitor is used as a

filter. The filtered dc is then fed to a voltage regulator stage. The voltage regulator is used to

maintain a constant voltage at the power supply output. It also provides a further smoothing of

the dc voltage. We are using an IC 7805 as voltage regulator to get a 5V output voltage.

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2.1.4 4X MATRIX KEYPAD

Keypads and LCDs are the most widely used input/output devices. In this section, we first

discuss keypad fundamentals, along with key press and key detection mechanisms, and then it

is shown how a keypad is interfaced to an 8051 µC. Keypads are organized in a matrix of rows

and columns. The CPU accesses both rows and columns through ports. When a key is pressed,

the row and column are connected otherwise there is no connection between them.t port and the

columns are connected to an Input port. If no key has been pressed, reading the input port

will2.512V Relay and DC Fan:

The relay is an electromagnetic switch. When relay is activated, then it closes the loop of

ignition, hence start the engine. When relay is de-activated, it opens theyield 1s for all columns

since they are all connected tohigh voltage (Vcc). If all the rows are grounded and a

key is pressed, one of the columns will have 0 since thekey which is pressed provides the

path to ground. It is the function of the microcontroller to scan the keyboard continuously to

detect and identify the key which hasreplicating the automobile engine to verify the operation

of the system.

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2.1.5 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

A 16x2 character Line LCD module is a parallel port module. An 8051 program must

interact with outside world using input and output devices that operates in 900 MHz

frequency.communicate directly with a human being. One of the most common devices

attached to an 8051 µC is an LCD display. LCD requires 3 control lines as well a I/O lines for

the data bus. So this LCD will require by a GSMmodem such as: text messaging,total of 11 data

lines.

The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW. The EN line is called "Enable."

This control line is used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data. The enable pin used by the

LCD latches the information presented to its data pins. When data is supplied to data pins, high

to low pulse must be applied to this “EN” pin in order to latch the data present at the data pins.

This pulse must be a minimum of 450 ns wide.The RS line is the "Register Select" line. When

RS is low (0), the data is to be treated as a command or special instruction (such as clear screen,

position cursor, etc.). When RS is high (1), the data being sent is text data, which should be

displayed on the screen. The RW line is the "Read/Write" control line. When RW is low .

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2.1.6 12V RELAY AND DC FAN

The relay is an electromagnetic switch. When relay is activated, then it closes the loop of

ignition, hence start the engine. When relay is de-activated, it opens the loop of ignition, hence

stop the ignition of the automobile. A DC Fan is connected with the relay replicating the

automobile engine to verify the open.replicating the automobile engine to verify the operation

of the system.

2.1.7 GSM MODEM

the GSM/GPRS Modem comes with a serial interface through which the modem can be

controlled using AT command interface. Here a SIMCOM made (SIM300) modem interfaced

with the microcontroller operates in 900 MHz frequency.The protocol used by GSM modems

for setup and control is based on the AT-Command set. The GSM modem specific commands

are adapted to the services offered by a GSMmodem such application is to show how to send

and receive text messages, only a subset of the AT-Command set needs to be implemented.

The following section describes the AT-Command set.

2.1.8 GSM MOBILE

In our project we used a GSM mobile to receive the SMS sent by the instrument regarding the

engine-on status. The mobile number must be programmed with the source code. So that the

control unit can send theSMS and in the same time the authorized personreceived the same

SMS to take care of his vehicle.

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2.1.9 MAX232 LINE DRIVER

A MAX232 chip is required to convert RS232 voltage levels to TTL levels, and vice versa.

8051 has one transmitter (TxD) and a receiver (RxD) for transferring and receiving serial data

from the port 3 (P3.0 and P3.1).They require a line driver to make them RS232 compatible. A

line driver converts the R232’s signals to TTL voltage levels that will be acceptable to 8051’s

TxD and RxD pins.

2.1.10 AT24CO2EPROM

The AT24C02 is a 256 byte/ 2K-bit EEPROM, which used to retain the password even after

power failure. The device is organized as a single block of 256 x 8-bit memory with a two-

wired serial interface. The 24C02 supports a bi-directional two-wired bus and data

transmission [I2C] protocol. The bus has to be controlled by a master device (µC) which

generates the serial clock (SCL), controls the bus access, and START and STOP conditions,

while works as slave.generates the the 24C02SC

2.10 L293D MOTOR DRIVER IC AND DC MOTOR

The purpose of using 4 no. of 12V DC motors is to drive the hardware kit just like an

automobile. Since, MCU can interpret the logic 1as 5v & 0 as 0v, so L293D motor driver IC

is used to convert 5v logic to 12v logic to drive the motor efficiently with full RPM. Here

used one IC to drive 2 motors. Accordingly there are used two ICs for our prototype model.

2.11 BUZZER
A buzzer is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electro-mechanical or

electronic. Typical use of buzzers / beepers includes alarms and timers etc.

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3.1 ASSEMBLY OF THE SYSTEM:

All electronic components are assembled on a single Vero-board. After mounting and

soldering of the components and sockets as shown in the photograph, theother peripherals like

keypad,LCD,Buzzer microcontroller with other ICs are mounted/ inserted.For power supply unit a

230V AC followed by a step down transformer and a full wave bridge rectifierAlternatively a 12V

DC supply from a 12V battery is use for circuit operation.Now, output power supply is given 5v to

MCU & 12v to Relay. Relay connected to pin-0 of port-0 of the MCU. Keypad connected from

pin 0 to 3 row wise and from pin 4 to 6 of port-1 column wise. GSM modem connected to pin

0&1of port-3Again LCD is connected to the pin 0 to 7 of port -2 and pin 2 to pin 4 of port -0

shown in the circuit diagram. A 12V dc Fan is connected with the relay replicating the automobile

engine.

Now, output power supply is given 5v to MCU & 12v to Relay. Relay connected to pin-0 of

port-0 of the MCU. Keypad connected from pin 0 to 3 row wise and from pin 4 to 6 of port-1

column wise. GSM modem connected to pin 0&1of port-3.Again LCD is connectedto the pin 0 to

7 of port -2 and pin 2 to pin 4 of port -0 as shown in the circuit diagram. A 12V dc Fan is

connected with the relay replicating the automobile engine. That means when the relay is activated

the fan will move. Otherwise it will be idle. The L293D IC-1is interfaced with port 0-5&6 and

port 3-3 &4, where as L293D IC-2 is connected to port 0-1 &7 and port3-2 & port1-7 as shown in

the circuit diagram

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CHAPTER -3
WORKING OF THE MODULE

The embedded system installed in the engine of the vehicle along with the GSM modem. By

entering a correct password(like: *abcd) the instrument allows to activate the 12V relay and then

ignition of the engine will start. Hence start the vehicle.If anyone tries to enter the password

randomly, then after three trials, the MCU will block the entry of further password. Then, the

buzzer will turned on to create a noise to panic the culprit, followed by sending a message “Alert:

Car Is Under Threat” through GSM modem to the owner’s mobile for further action for prevention

of his vehicle.According to the prototype model after entering correct password the Fan will move

and at the sametime, according to the instruction it will run forward for 10 sec and backward for10

sec like an automobile.Password can be changed by the following proper procedure. First enter #,

then enter the old password, then new password. Now test, whether the new password is working

or not. As per algorithm given below the new password will retain even after power failure. So it

will work as usual.The source code is written in embedded C language. To develop the source

code the flow chart of the project is shown in the figure below.

Electronic innovation has made extraordinary steps and these days the nature of electronic parts—

execution, power, and unwavering quality—empowers utilizing them notwithstanding for basic

frameworks. In the meantime, the diminishing expense of electronic innovation permits them

to be utilized to support any function in a car.Generally, a vehicle contains a dozen to nearly 100

electronic control units (ECUs). There are two main modules of electronic systems i. e.

information-entertainment and hard-real-time control of mechanical parts.

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The demand for safety features in vehicles has been incorporated by different companies based

on the requirement by the end user and further motivated by the regulations imposed the

regulatory bodies. During recent years, the number of traffic fatalities has come down

throughout the developed economies. These number are becoming stagnant and the whole credit

goes to widespread use of safety systems. To include safety feature in the vehicles, OEM’s are

focusing on technological advancements which includes many sensors and advanced technical

systems in the vehicle. To inbuilt all the sensor and technical features in vehicle the need of

embedded system arises. These technological advancements are further fuelling the global

automotive embedded system market.

Major example of active safety system could be recognised as pedestrian recognition, adaptive

speed control, blind spot detection, lateral collision warning, cooperative lane changing

indication, merging assistance, car breakdown warning, integrated car safety, etc. These features

are anticipated to minimize the accident and accident related deaths. This is one of the majo

reason for the growth in the demand for embedded system market globally.
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In automotive systems, more and more equipment is being changed from the mechanical systems

to electronic systems. Embedded system is the heart of a vehicle’s electronic system because of its

versatility and flexibility. The revolution of electronics has manipulated in automotive design

including the fuel combustion, powertrain crash protection, etc. Advanced usage of the embedded

system in the vehicle can help in controlling the pollution, increasing the facility to provide

systems monitoring features that consumers demand. Today a typical vehicle contains around 25

to 35 microcontrollers, and some luxury vehicles contain approximately 60 to 70 microcontrollers

per vehicle.

Today, a typical automobile on the road has computer controlled electronic systems, and the most

commonly used embedded system in a vehicle includes Airbags, anti-lock braking system, black

box, adaptive cruise control, drive by wire, satellite radio, telematics, emission control, traction

control,automobile parking, in-vehicle entertainment systems, night vision, heads-up display, back

up collision sensors, navigational systems, tyre pressure monitor, climate control, etc.

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3.1 ASSEMBLY OF THE SYSTEM:

All electronic components are assembled on a single Vero-board. After mounting and

soldering of the components and sockets as shown in the photograph, theother peripherals like

keypad,LCD,Buzzer microcontroller with other ICs are mounted/ inserted.For power supply unit a

230V AC followed by a step down transformer and a full wave bridge rectifierAlternatively a 12V

DC supply from a 12V battery is use for circuit operation.Now, output power supply is given 5v to

MCU & 12v to Relay. Relay connected to pin-0 of port-0 of the MCU. Keypad connected from

pin 0 to 3 row wise and from pin 4 to 6 of port-1 column wise. GSM modem connected to pin

0&1of port-3Again LCD is connected to the pin 0 to 7 of port -2 and pin 2 to pin 4 of port -0

shown in the circuit diagram. A 12V dc Fan is connected with the relay replicating the automobile

engine.

Now, output power supply is given 5v to MCU & 12v to Relay. Relay connected to pin-0 of

port-0 of the MCU. Keypad connected from pin 0 to 3 row wise and from pin 4 to 6 of port-1

column wise. GSM modem connected to pin 0&1of port-3.Again LCD is connectedto the pin 0 to

7 of port -2 and pin 2 to pin 4 of port -0 as shown in the circuit diagram. A 12V dc Fan is

connected with the relay replicating the automobile engine. That means when the relay is activated

the fan will move. Otherwise it will be idle. The L293D IC-1is interfaced with port 0-5&6 and

port 3-3 &4, where as L293D IC-2 is connected to port 0-1 &7 and port3-2 & port1-7 as shown in

the circuit diagram

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3.2 INTERFACINGS AND PROTOCOLS USED:

In this project there are six interfacings used like 4x3 Matrix Keyboard, 16x2 LCD, GSM Modem,

Motor Driver IC L293D, 12v Relay, 12v Buzzer etc. In

addition, three protocols are being used like RS232, I2C, UART to functional the instrument

successfully.

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CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION
This is a unique method of designing and assembling a low-cost, compact theft control system

for an automobile. This instrument is an ultimate threat to vehicle thieves. By installing this

instrument in the automobile engine it is very difficult to access by an unknown person, since it is

based on GSM Technology. In future, there is no doubt, that all of the vehicles will be embedded

with this unique kit. In addition to the above features we can also add extra features like

thumb/face recognition to ascertain more security of the vehicle.

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23–26 September 2012; pp. 152–155.

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