TEST 1-5 question

1.Which of the following is true about PL/SQL?

•
It is a query language for all databases.

•
It is a programming language for SQL databases.

•
It is a query language for Oracle databases.

•
It is a programming language for PL databases.

2.Is MySQL an open source database?

•
True

•
False

3.Which of the following is a characteristic of a database?

• Theme Oriented

• Ordered

• Many Examples Exist

• All of these answers are correct.

4.What is the meaning of the NULL; statement in PL/SQL?

•
There are no commands to be executed.
 •
The query result does not have any results.

•
The declaration has no variables.

•
The exception is not listed.
5.Microsoft SQL Server supports both SQL and its own query language
called _____.

• M-SQL

• T-SQL

• X-SQL

• R-SQL

PRACTICAL TEST 1-50 QUESTIONS

Q-1. Write an SQL query to fetch “FIRST_NAME” from Worker table using
the alias name as <WORKER_NAME>.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select FIRST_NAME AS WORKER_NAME from Worker;

Q-2. Write an SQL query to fetch “FIRST_NAME” from Worker table in

upper case.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select upper(FIRST_NAME) from Worker;

Q-3. Write an SQL query to fetch unique values of DEPARTMENT from
Worker table.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select distinct DEPARTMENT from Worker;

Q-4. Write an SQL query to print the first three characters

of FIRST_NAME from Worker table.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select substring(FIRST_NAME,1,3) from Worker;

Q-5. Write an SQL query to find the position of the alphabet (‘a’) in the
first name column ‘Amitabh’ from Worker table.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select INSTR(FIRST_NAME, BINARY'a') from Worker where

FIRST_NAME = 'Amitabh';

Notes.
• The INSTR method is in case-sensitive by default.
• Using Binary operator will make INSTR work as the case-sensitive function.

Q-6. Write an SQL query to print the FIRST_NAME from Worker table after
removing white spaces from the right side.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select RTRIM(FIRST_NAME) from Worker;

Q-7. Write an SQL query to print the DEPARTMENT from Worker table
after removing white spaces from the left side.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select LTRIM(DEPARTMENT) from Worker;

Q-8. Write an SQL query that fetches the unique values of DEPARTMENT
from Worker table and prints its length.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select distinct length(DEPARTMENT) from Worker;

Q-9. Write an SQL query to print the FIRST_NAME from Worker table after
replacing ‘a’ with ‘A’.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select REPLACE(FIRST_NAME,'a','A') from Worker;

Q-10. Write an SQL query to print the FIRST_NAME and LAST_NAME from
Worker table into a single column COMPLETE_NAME. A space char
should separate them.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select CONCAT(FIRST_NAME, ' ', LAST_NAME) AS 'COMPLETE_NAME'

from Worker;

Q-11. Write an SQL query to print all Worker details from the Worker table
order by FIRST_NAME Ascending.
Ans.
The required query is:

Select * from Worker order by FIRST_NAME asc;

Q-12. Write an SQL query to print all Worker details from the Worker table
order by FIRST_NAME Ascending and DEPARTMENT Descending.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select * from Worker order by FIRST_NAME asc,DEPARTMENT desc;

Q-13. Write an SQL query to print details for Workers with the first name
as “Vipul” and “Satish” from Worker table.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select * from Worker where FIRST_NAME in ('Vipul','Satish');

Q-14. Write an SQL query to print details of workers excluding first

names, “Vipul” and “Satish” from Worker table.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select * from Worker where FIRST_NAME not in

('Vipul','Satish');

Q-15. Write an SQL query to print details of Workers with DEPARTMENT

name as “Admin”.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select * from Worker where DEPARTMENT like 'Admin%';

Q-16. Write an SQL query to print details of the Workers whose
FIRST_NAME contains ‘a’.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select * from Worker where FIRST_NAME like '%a%';

Q-17. Write an SQL query to print details of the Workers whose

FIRST_NAME ends with ‘a’.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select * from Worker where FIRST_NAME like '%a';

Q-18. Write an SQL query to print details of the Workers whose

FIRST_NAME ends with ‘h’ and contains six alphabets.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select * from Worker where FIRST_NAME like '_____h';

Q-19. Write an SQL query to print details of the Workers whose SALARY
lies between 100000 and 500000.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select * from Worker where SALARY between 100000 and 500000;

Q-20. Write an SQL query to print details of the Workers who have joined
in Feb’2014.

Ans.
The required query is:
Select * from Worker where year(JOINING_DATE) = 2014 and
month(JOINING_DATE) = 2;

Q-21. Write an SQL query to fetch the count of employees working in the
department ‘Admin’.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM worker WHERE DEPARTMENT = 'Admin';

Q-22. Write an SQL query to fetch worker names with salaries >= 50000
and <= 100000.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT CONCAT(FIRST_NAME, ' ', LAST_NAME) As Worker_Name,

Salary

FROM worker

WHERE WORKER_ID IN

(SELECT WORKER_ID FROM worker

WHERE Salary BETWEEN 50000 AND 100000);

Q-23. Write an SQL query to fetch the no. of workers for each department
in the descending order.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT DEPARTMENT, count(WORKER_ID) No_Of_Workers

FROM worker

GROUP BY DEPARTMENT

ORDER BY No_Of_Workers DESC;

Q-24. Write an SQL query to print details of the Workers who are also
Managers.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT DISTINCT W.FIRST_NAME, T.WORKER_TITLE

FROM Worker W

INNER JOIN Title T

ON W.WORKER_ID = T.WORKER_REF_ID

AND T.WORKER_TITLE in ('Manager');

Q-25. Write an SQL query to fetch duplicate records having matching data
in some fields of a table.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT WORKER_TITLE, AFFECTED_FROM, COUNT(*)

FROM Title

GROUP BY WORKER_TITLE, AFFECTED_FROM

HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;

Q-26. Write an SQL query to show only odd rows from a table.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT * FROM Worker WHERE MOD (WORKER_ID, 2) <> 0;

Q-27. Write an SQL query to show only even rows from a table.

Ans.
The required query is:
SELECT * FROM Worker WHERE MOD (WORKER_ID, 2) = 0;

Q-28. Write an SQL query to clone a new table from another table.

Ans.
The general query to clone a table with data is:

SELECT * INTO WorkerClone FROM Worker;

The general way to clone a table without information is:

SELECT * INTO WorkerClone FROM Worker WHERE 1 = 0;

An alternate way to clone a table (for MySQL) without is:

CREATE TABLE WorkerClone LIKE Worker;

Q-29. Write an SQL query to fetch intersecting records of two tables.

Ans.
The required query is:

(SELECT * FROM Worker)

INTERSECT

(SELECT * FROM WorkerClone);

Q-30. Write an SQL query to show records from one table that another
table does not have.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT * FROM Worker

MINUS

SELECT * FROM Title;

Q-31. Write an SQL query to show the current date and time.

Ans.
Following MySQL query returns the current date:

SELECT CURDATE();

Following MySQL query returns the current date and time:

SELECT NOW();

Following SQL Server query returns the current date and time:

SELECT getdate();

Following Oracle query returns the current date and time:

SELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL;

Q-32. Write an SQL query to show the top n (say 10) records of a table.

Ans.
Following MySQL query will return the top n records using the LIMIT method:

SELECT * FROM Worker ORDER BY Salary DESC LIMIT 10;

Following SQL Server query will return the top n records using the TOP command:

SELECT TOP 10 * FROM Worker ORDER BY Salary DESC;

Following Oracle query will return the top n records with the help of ROWNUM:

SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM Worker ORDER BY Salary DESC)

WHERE ROWNUM <= 10;

Q-33. Write an SQL query to determine the nth (say n=5) highest salary
from a table.

Ans.
The following MySQL query returns the nth highest salary:
SELECT Salary FROM Worker ORDER BY Salary DESC LIMIT n-1,1;

The following SQL Server query returns the nth highest salary:

SELECT TOP 1 Salary

FROM (

SELECT DISTINCT TOP n Salary

FROM Worker

ORDER BY Salary DESC

ORDER BY Salary ASC;

Q-34. Write an SQL query to determine the 5th highest salary without
using TOP or limit method.

Ans.
The following query is using the correlated subquery to return the 5th highest salary:

SELECT Salary

FROM Worker W1

WHERE 4 = (

SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT ( W2.Salary ) )

FROM Worker W2

WHERE W2.Salary >= W1.Salary

);

Use the following generic method to find nth highest salary without using TOP or limit.

SELECT Salary

FROM Worker W1
WHERE n-1 = (

SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT ( W2.Salary ) )

FROM Worker W2

WHERE W2.Salary >= W1.Salary

);

Q-35. Write an SQL query to fetch the list of employees with the same
salary.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select distinct W.WORKER_ID, W.FIRST_NAME, W.Salary

from Worker W, Worker W1

where W.Salary = W1.Salary

and W.WORKER_ID != W1.WORKER_ID;

Q-36. Write an SQL query to show the second highest salary from a table.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select max(Salary) from Worker

where Salary not in (Select max(Salary) from Worker);

Q-37. Write an SQL query to show one row twice in results from a table.

Ans.
The required query is:
select FIRST_NAME, DEPARTMENT from worker W where
W.DEPARTMENT='HR'

union all

select FIRST_NAME, DEPARTMENT from Worker W1 where

W1.DEPARTMENT='HR';

Q-38. Write an SQL query to fetch intersecting records of two tables.

Ans.
The required query is:

(SELECT * FROM Worker)

INTERSECT

(SELECT * FROM WorkerClone);

Q-39. Write an SQL query to fetch the first 50% records from a table.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT *

FROM WORKER

WHERE WORKER_ID <= (SELECT count(WORKER_ID)/2 from Worker);

Q-40. Write an SQL query to fetch the departments that have less than
five people in it.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT DEPARTMENT, COUNT(WORKER_ID) as 'Number of Workers' FROM

Worker GROUP BY DEPARTMENT HAVING COUNT(WORKER_ID) < 5;
Q-41. Write an SQL query to show all departments along with the number
of people in there.

Ans.
The following query returns the expected result:

SELECT DEPARTMENT, COUNT(DEPARTMENT) as 'Number of Workers'

FROM Worker GROUP BY DEPARTMENT;

Q-42. Write an SQL query to show the last record from a table.

Ans.
The following query will return the last record from the Worker table:

Select * from Worker where WORKER_ID = (SELECT max(WORKER_ID)

from Worker);

Q-43. Write an SQL query to fetch the first row of a table.

Ans.
The required query is:

Select * from Worker where WORKER_ID = (SELECT min(WORKER_ID)

from Worker);

Q-44. Write an SQL query to fetch the last five records from a table.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT * FROM Worker WHERE WORKER_ID <=5

UNION

SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM Worker W order by W.WORKER_ID

DESC) AS W1 WHERE W1.WORKER_ID <=5;
Q-45. Write an SQL query to print the name of employees having the
highest salary in each department.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT t.DEPARTMENT,t.FIRST_NAME,t.Salary from(SELECT

max(Salary) as TotalSalary,DEPARTMENT from Worker group by
DEPARTMENT) as TempNew

Inner Join Worker t on TempNew.DEPARTMENT=t.DEPARTMENT

and TempNew.TotalSalary=t.Salary;

Q-46. Write an SQL query to fetch three max salaries from a table.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT distinct Salary from worker a WHERE 3 >= (SELECT

count(distinct Salary) from worker b WHERE a.Salary <=
b.Salary) order by a.Salary desc;

Q-47. Write an SQL query to fetch three min salaries from a table.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT distinct Salary from worker a WHERE 3 >= (SELECT

count(distinct Salary) from worker b WHERE a.Salary >=
b.Salary) order by a.Salary desc;

Q-48. Write an SQL query to fetch nth max salaries from a table.

Ans.
The required query is:
SELECT distinct Salary from worker a WHERE n >= (SELECT
count(distinct Salary) from worker b WHERE a.Salary <=
b.Salary) order by a.Salary desc;

Q-49. Write an SQL query to fetch departments along with the total
salaries paid for each of them.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT DEPARTMENT, sum(Salary) from worker group by

DEPARTMENT;

Q-50. Write an SQL query to fetch the names of workers who earn the
highest salary.

Ans.
The required query is:

SELECT FIRST_NAME, SALARY from Worker WHERE SALARY=(SELECT

max(SALARY) from Worker);

RESOURCES

Sample Table – Worker

WORKER_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME SALARY JOINING_DATE DEPARTMENT

001 Monika Arora 100000 2014-02-20 09:00:00 HR

002 Niharika Verma 80000 2014-06-11 09:00:00 Admin

003 Vishal Singhal 300000 2014-02-20 09:00:00 HR

004 Amitabh Singh 500000 2014-02-20 09:00:00 Admin

005 Vivek Bhati 500000 2014-06-11 09:00:00 Admin

 006 Vipul Diwan 200000 2014-06-11 09:00:00 Account

007 Satish Kumar 75000 2014-01-20 09:00:00 Account

008 Geetika Chauhan 90000 2014-04-11 09:00:00 Admin

Sample Table – Bonus

WORKER_REF_ID BONUS_DATE BONUS_AMOUNT

1 2016-02-20 00:00:00 5000

2 2016-06-11 00:00:00 3000

3 2016-02-20 00:00:00 4000

1 2016-02-20 00:00:00 4500

2 2016-06-11 00:00:00 3500

Sample Table – Title

WORKER_REF_ID WORKER_TITLE AFFECTED_FROM

1 Manager 2016-02-20 00:00:00

2 Executive 2016-06-11 00:00:00

8 Executive 2016-06-11 00:00:00

5 Manager 2016-06-11 00:00:00

4 Asst. Manager 2016-06-11 00:00:00

7 Executive 2016-06-11 00:00:00

6 Lead 2016-06-11 00:00:00

3 Lead 2016-06-11 00:00:00