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Digital data transmission has evolved significantly since the first digital communication applications of telegraphy and teletypewriters in the early 19th century. The transmission of digital signals allows for greater processing capabilities to detect and correct errors compared to analog signals. Digital communication is now widely used for telephone networks using pulse-code modulation and time-division multiplexing, broadband internet access, cellular networks, and other applications like digital television and radio due to its advantages over analog transmission.

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Vivek Gupta
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60 views2 pages

ICAR

Digital data transmission has evolved significantly since the first digital communication applications of telegraphy and teletypewriters in the early 19th century. The transmission of digital signals allows for greater processing capabilities to detect and correct errors compared to analog signals. Digital communication is now widely used for telephone networks using pulse-code modulation and time-division multiplexing, broadband internet access, cellular networks, and other applications like digital television and radio due to its advantages over analog transmission.

Uploaded by

Vivek Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data (mainly but not exclusively 

informational) has been sent via non-electronic


(e.g. optical, acoustic, mechanical) means since the advent of communication. Analog
signal data has been sent electronically since the advent of the telephone. However, the
first data electromagnetic transmission applications in modern time
were telegraphy (1809) and teletypewriters (1906), which are both digital signals. The
fundamental theoretical work in data transmission and information theory by Harry
Nyquist, Ralph Hartley, Claude Shannon and others during the early 20th century, was
done with these applications in mind.
Data transmission is utilized in computers in computer buses and for communication
with peripheral equipment via parallel ports and serial ports such as RS-
232 (1969), FireWire (1995) and USB (1996). The principles of data transmission are
also utilized in storage media for error detection and correction since 1951. The first
practical method to overcome the problem of receiving data accurately by the receiver
using digital code was the Barker code invented by Ronald Hugh Barker in 1952 and
published in 1953.[8] Data transmission is utilized in computer networking equipment
such as modems (1940), local area network (LAN) adapters (1964), repeaters, repeater
hubs, microwave links, wireless network access points (1997), etc.
In telephone networks, digital communication is utilized for transferring many phone calls
over the same copper cable or fiber cable by means of pulse-code modulation (PCM) in
combination with time-division multiplexing (TDM) (1962). Telephone exchanges have
become digital and software controlled, facilitating many value-added services. For
example, the first AXE telephone exchange was presented in 1976. Digital
communication to the end user using Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) services
became available in the late 1980s. Since the end of the 1990s, broadband access
techniques such as ADSL, Cable modems, fiber-to-the-building (FTTB) and fiber-to-the-
home (FTTH) have become widespread to small offices and homes. The current
tendency is to replace traditional telecommunication services with packet mode
communication such as IP telephony and IPTV.
Transmitting analog signals digitally allows for greater signal processing capability. The
ability to process a communications signal means that errors caused by random
processes can be detected and corrected. Digital signals can also be sampled instead of
continuously monitored. The multiplexing of multiple digital signals is much simpler
compared to the multiplexing of analog signals. Because of all these advantages,
because of the vast demand to transmit computer data and the ability of digital
communications to do so and because recent advances in wideband communication
channels and solid-state electronics have allowed engineers to realize these advantages
fully, digital communications have grown quickly.
The digital revolution has also resulted in many digital telecommunication applications
where the principles of data transmission are applied. Examples include second-
generation (1991) and later cellular telephony, video conferencing, digital
TV (1998), digital radio (1999), and telemetry.
Data transmission, digital transmission or digital communications is the transfer of data
over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such
channels include copper wires, optical fibers, wireless communication channels, storage
media and computer buses. The data are represented as an electromagnetic signal, such
as an electrical voltage, radiowave, microwave, or infrared light.
While analog transmission is the transfer of a continuously varying analog signal over an
analog channel, digital communication is the transfer of discrete messages over a digital
or an analog channel. The messages are either represented by a sequence of pulses by
means of a line code (baseband transmission), or by a limited set of continuously varying
wave forms (passband transmission), using a digital modulation method. The passband
modulation and corresponding demodulation (also known as detection) is carried out by
modem equipment. According to the most common definition of a digital signal, both
baseband and passband signals representing bit-streams are considered as digital
transmission, while an alternative definition only considers the baseband signal as digital,
and passband transmission of digital data as a form of digital-to-analog conversion.[citation
needed]

Data transmitted may be digital messages originating from a data source, for example a
computer or a keyboard. It may also be an analog signal such as a phone call or a video
signal, digitized into a bit-stream for example using pulse-code modulation (PCM) or
more advanced source coding (analog-to-digital conversion and data compression)
schemes. This source coding and decoding is carried out by codec equipment.

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