1

Agenda
Introduction
•Layeout Mangement
Simple GUI-Based IO
with JOptionPane. •FlowLoyout
•BorderLayout
AWT vs swing
•GridLayout
Containers and
•….
Components
Introduction to
Components
Jlable
Jbotton
…
2
 Introduction
A graphical user interface (GUI) presents a user-friendly
mechanism for interacting with an application.
It gives an application a distinctive “look” and “feel.”
Providing different applications with consistent, intuitive user
interface components allows users to be somewhat familiar
with an application, so that they can learn it more quickly and
use it more productively.
GUIs are built from GUI components. These are
sometimes called controls or widgets—short for
window gadgets—in other languages.
A GUI component is an object with which the user interacts
via the mouse, the keyboard or another form of input, such as
3
voice recognition.
 Introduction
A GUI component is an object with which the user interacts
via the mouse, the keyboard or another form of input, such as
voice recognition.
In this chapter you will earn about many of Java’s GUI
components.

4
 Simple GUI-Based I/O with JOptionPane
The following simple addition application uses two input dialogs to
obtain integers from the user and a message dialog to display the sum of
the integers the user enters.

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class Addition {
public static void main( String args[] ) {
String firstNumber =
JOptionPane.showInputDialog( "Enter first integer" );
int number1 = Integer.parseInt( firstNumber );
String secondNumber =
JOptionPane.showInputDialog( "Enter second integer" );
int number2 = Integer.parseInt( secondNumber );
int sum = number1 + number2; // add numbers
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, "The sum is " + sum,
"Sum of Two Integers", JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE );
}
5 }
 Simple GUI-Based …
Java’s JOptionPane class (package javax.swing) provides
prepackaged dialog boxes for both input and output.
These dialogs are displayed by invoking static JOptionPane
methods.
showInputDialog method displays an input dialog using the method’s
String argument ("Enter first integer") as a prompt . It has a text box
and two buttons ok and Cancel
showMessageDialog method is used to display a message dialog
containing the sum.
The first argument helps the Java application determine where to
position the dialog box.
The value null indicates that the dialog should appear in the center.
It can also be used to specify that the dialog should appear centered
6 over a particular window of the computer screen.
 Simple GUI-Based…
The second argument is the message to display—in this case, the
result of concatenating the String "The sum is " and the value of
sum.
The third argument—"Sum of Two Integers"—represents the
string that should appear in the dialog’s title bar at the top of the
dialog.
The fourth argument:- JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE—is
the type of message dialog to display. A PLAIN_MESSAGE dialog
does not display an icon to the left of the message. Other possible
constants are: ERROR_MESSAGE, INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
WARNING_MESSAGE, QUESTION_MESSAGE
Class JOptionPane provides several overloaded versions of
methods showInputDialog and showMessageDialog, as
well as methods that display other dialog types.
7
 AWT vs Swing
Java has two GUI packages, the original AbstractWindows Toolkit
(AWT) and the newer Swing.
When java was introduced, the GUI classes were bundled in a
library known as Abstract Windows Toolkit(AWT).
AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) is Java’s original set of
classes for building GUIs.
Uses peer components of the OS; heavyweight
AWT uses the native operating system's window routines so
the visual effect is dependent on the run-time system
platform.
8
 AWT vs Swing
For every platform on which Java runs, the AWT
components are automatically mapped to the platform-
specific components through their respective agents, known
as peers.
Not truly portable: looks different and lays out
inconsistently on different OSs. The application's GUI
components display differently on each platform.
AWT is adequate for many applications but it is difficult to
build an attractive GUI

9
 AWT vs Swing
Swing is designed to solve AWT’s problems (present since
Java 2 )
99% java; lightweight components
Drawing of components is done in java
Swing GUI components allow you to specify a uniform
look-and-feel for your application across all platforms.
Lays out consistently on all Oss
Much bigger set of built-in components
Uses AWT event handling

10
 AWT vs Swing…
Swing is built “on top of ” AWT, so you need to import AWT and
use a few things from it
Swing is bigger and slower
Swing is more flexible and better looking
Swing and AWT are incompatible--you can use either, but
you can’t mix them
Actually, you can, but it’s tricky and not worth doing
Basic components/controls are practically the same in both
AWT: Button b = new Button ("OK");
Swing: JButton b = new JButton("OK");
Swing gives far more options for everything (buttons with
pictures on them, etc.)
AWT classes are contained inside package java.awt while
11 swing classes are located in package javax.swing.
 GUI Class Hierarchy

Dimension Classes in the java.awt

LayoutManager package
Heavyweight
Font 1

FontMetrics

Object Color Panel Applet JApplet

Graphics

Component Container Window Frame JFrame

*
Dialog JDialog

JComponent Swing Components

in the javax.swing package

Lightweight

12 12
 GUI Classes
The GUI classes can be classified into three groups: container
class, helper class, and component classes.

Container classes
A GUI is built by putting components/controls into
containers.
Container is used to group components. Frames, Panels
and applets are examples of containers.
Important Container classes are JFrame, JApplet, and
JPanel.

13
 GUI Classes
JFrame
A resizable, movable window with title bar and close
button. Usually it contains JPanels.
It is a containers that holds other Swing user-interface
components in Java GUI application.
JPanel
A region internal to a JFrame or another JPanel. Used for
grouping components together. Optionally bounded by a
visible border. Lives inside some enclosing Container.
Panels can be nested.You can place panels inside a
container that includes a panel.
14
 GUI Classes…
The terms “pane” and “panel” are used interchangeably in
Java.
If a frame is a window, a pane is the glass.
Panes hold a window’s GUI components.
Every frame has at least one pane, the default “Content
Pane”
JApplet
Is a subclass of Applet .
represents the featureless Window provided by the
browser for an Applet to run in.

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 Container Classes

Dimension Classes in the java.awt

LayoutManager package
Heavyweight
Font 1

FontMetrics

Object Color Panel Applet JApplet

Graphics

Component Container Window Frame JFrame

*
Dialog JDialog

JComponent JPanel Swing Components

Container classes can contain other in the javax.swing package
GUI components.

Lightweight

16 16
 GUI Classes…

GUI Components or controls (also known as "widgets")

Are the basic user interface elements the user interacts with:
labels, buttons, text fields, ...
The visual arrangement of the components depends on the
container's layout.
When the user does something to a component, the
component's listener is sent an event.

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 Swing GUI Components
JCheckBoxMenuItem

JMenuItem JMenu

AbstractButton JButton JRadioButtonMenuItem

JToggleButton JCheckBox

JRadioButton
JComponent JEditorPane

JTextComponent JTextField JPasswordField

JTextArea

JLabel JList JComboBox JPanel JOptionPane JScrollBar JSlider

JTabbedPane JSplitPane JLayeredPane JSeparator JScrollPane JRootPane

JToolBar JMenuBar JPopupMenu JFileChooser JColorChooser JToolTip

JTree JTable JTableHeader JInternalFrame JProgressBar JSpinner

18 18
 Swing GUI Components
Input Components
Buttons ( JButton, JRadioButtons, JCheckBox)
Text (JTextField, JTextArea)
Menus (JMenuBar, JMenu, JMenuItem)
Sliders (JSlider)
JComboBox (uneditable) (JComboBox)
List (Jlist )
Information Display Components
JLabel
Progress bars (JProgressBar)
Tool tips (using JComponent's setToolTipText(s) method)
Choosers
File chooser (JFileChooser)
19 Color chooser (JColorChooser)
 Swing GUI Components …
More complex displays
Tables (JTable)
Trees (JTree)
Formatted Text

Every GUI components has

Properties

Methods JButton

Events

20
 GUI Class…
GUI Helper Classes

They are used to describe the properties of GUI components

such as graphics context, colors, fonts, and dimension.

Graphics
Is an abstract class that provides a graphical context for
drawings strings, lines, and simple shapes.
Color:
Deals with the colors of GUI components.
For example:- you can specify background colors in
components like Jframe and Jpanel.You can specify colors of
lines, shapes,…..
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 GUI Class…
Font
Specify fonts for the text and drawings on GUI components.
Example:- You can specify the font type(e.g. SansSerif), style
(e.g. bold), and size(e.g. 24 points) for the text on the button.

LayoutManager
Is an interface whose instances specify how components are
arranged in a container.

The helper classes are in the java.awt package. The Swing

components do not replace all the classes in AWT, only AWT
GUI components classes (e.g. Button, TextField, TextArea). The
AWT is helper classes remain unchanged.
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 GUI Helper Classes

Dimension Classes in the java.awt

LayoutManager package
Heavyweight
Font 1

FontMetrics

Object Color Panel Applet JApplet

Graphics

Component Container Window Frame JFrame

*
Dialog JDialog

JComponent JPanel Swing Components

in the javax.swing package

Lightweight
23 23
 Steps to build a GUI

1. Make a Container – you need to create either a frame or an

applet to hold the user-interface components.

2. Create some more Components (buttons, text areas, etc.).

3. Add your Components to your display area - Choose a

layout manager.

1. Attach Listeners to your Components - interacting with a

Component causes an Event to occur.
24
 Creating a Frames
Frame
Is an independent window that has decorations such as a border,
a title and buttons for closing, minimizing and maximizing the
window.
Frame is a window that is not contained inside another window.
Can be moved around on the screen independently of any other
GUI windows.
Applications with a GUI typically use at least one frame.
Frame is the basis to contain other user interface components in
Java GUI applications.

25
 Creating a Frames

26
 Frame

The JFrame class can be used to create windows.

For Swing GUI programs, use JFrame class to create
widows.

27
 JFrame

JFrame class Constructor Summary

JFrame()
Constructs a new frame with no title and it is initially
invisible.
JFrame(String title)
Creates a new, initially invisible Frame with the specified
title.

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 JFrames…
JFrame Class Methods

javax.swi ng.JFram e
+getSize(wi dth: int, height: int): void Specifies the size of the frame.
+setLocation(x: int, y: int): voi d Specifies the upper-left corner location of the fra me.
+setVisible(visible: boolean): void Sets true to displ ay the frame.
Specifies the opera tion when the frame is closed.
+setDefaultCloseO peration(mode: int): void
+setLocationRelativeTo (c: Component):
voi d Sets the locati on of the frame relative to the specifi ed
component. If the component i s null, the frame is centered
on the screen.

29 29
 JFrames…
JFrame Class Methods

public void setBounds(int x, int y, int width, int

height)
• Specifies the size of the frame and the location of the upper
left corner.

• This puts the upper left corner at location (x, y), where x the
the number of pixels from the left of the screen and y is is the
number from the top of the screen. height and width are as
before.

30 30
 JFrames…
JFrame Class Methods
public void setDefaultCloseOperation(int mode)

Is used to specify one of several options for the close button. Use
one of the following constants to specify your choice:

• JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE:- Exit the application.

• JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE:- Hide the frame, but keep the application running.
• JFrame.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE:- Ignore the click.

31 31
 JFrame…
import javax.swing.*;
public class JFrameSample {
public static void main(String[] args) {

JFrame frame = new JFrame(“First JFrame");

frame.setSize(400, 300);
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

32
 JFrame…
• The frame is not display until the
frame.setVisibile(true) method is invoked.

• frame.setSize(400, 300)specifies that the frame is

400 pixels wide and 300 pixels high.

• If the setSize and setVisible methods are both

defined in the component class, they are inherited by the
JFrame class.

• Invoking setLocationRelativeTo(null)centers the

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frame on the screen.
 JFrame…

Invoking setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)
tells the program to terminate when the frame is closed.

If you forget to call setDefaultCloseOperation() you will get

JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE by default. Thus the program
does not terminate when the frame is closed. In that case, you
have to stop the program by pressing Ctrl + C.

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 JFrame…
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class Simple extends JFrame {
public Simple() {
setSize(300, 200);
setTitle("First JFrame");
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
SetDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Simple simple = new Simple();

}
}

35
 JFrame…

• The setTitle(String text) method is defined in the

java.awt.Frame class.

• Since JFrame is subclass of Frame, you can use it to se a title

for an object of JFrame.

• The constructor Simple() does not explicitly invoke

the constructor JFrame(). But the constructor JFrame() is
invoked implicitly. (Constructor Chaining).

36
 Adding Components into a Frame

37
 GUI Components
Introduces the frequently used GUI components

JButton
Component Container JComponent AbstractButton JCheckBox
JToggleButton
JRadioButton
JLabel
JTextArea

JTextComponent
JTextField JPasswordField
JComboBox

JList

JScrollBar

JSlider

38 38
 JButton
A button is a component that triggers an action event
when clicked.
• Swing provides regular buttons, toggle buttons, check
box buttons, and radio buttons.
• The common features of these buttons are generalized in
javax.swing.AbstractButton.
• JButton inherits AbstractButton and provides several
constructors to create buttons.

39 39
 JButton

JButton Constructors.

javax.swing.AbstractButton

javax.swing.JButton
+JButton() Creates a default button with no text and icon.
+JButton(icon: javax.swing.Icon) Creates a button with an icon.
+JButton(text: String) Creates a button with text.
+JButton(text: String, icon: Icon) Creates a button with text and an icon.

40 40
 JButton
The following are JButton constructors:
JButton()
Creates a default button with no text and icon.
JButton(Icon icon)
Creates a button with an icon.
JButton(String text)
Creates a button with text.
JButton(String text, Icon icon)
Creates
41
a button with text and an icon.
41
 JButton
javax.swing.JComponent
The get and set methods for these data fields are provided in
the class, but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.
javax.swing.AbstractButton
-actionCommand: String The action command of this button.
-text: String The button’s text (i.e., the text label on the button).
-icon: javax.swing.Icon The button’s default icon. This icon is also used as the "pressed" and
"disabled" icon if there is no explicitly set pressed icon.
-pressedIcon: javax.swing.Icon The pressed icon (displayed when the button is pressed).
-rolloverIcon: javax.swing.Icon The rollover icon (displayed when the mouse is over the button).
-mnemonic: int The mnemonic key value of this button. You can select the button by
pressing the ALT key and the mnemonic key at the same time.
-horizontalAlignment: int The horizontal alignment of the icon and text (default: CENTER).
-horizontalTextPosition: int The horizontal text position relative to the icon (default: RIGHT).
-verticalAlignment: int The vertical alignment of the icon and text (default: CENTER).
-verticalTextPosition: int The vertical text position relative to the icon (default: CENTER).
-borderPainted: boolean Indicates whether the border of the button is painted. By default, a regular
button’s border is painted, but the borders for a check box and a radio
button is not painted.
-iconTextGap: int The gap between the text and the icon on the button (JDK 1.4).
-selected(): boolean The state of the button. True if the check box or radio button is selected,
42 42
false if it's not.
 JButton
JButton Properties

text
icon
mnemonic
horizontalAlignment
verticalAlignment
horizontalTextPosition
verticalTextPosition
iconTextGap
43 43
 JButton
Some Useful JButton Methods

public void setText(String text)

Sets the button's text.

public String getText()

Returns the button's text.

public void setEnabled(boolean b)

Enables (or disables) the button.
44
 JButton
Some useful JButton Methods

public void setSelectedIcon(Icon selectedIcon)

Sets the selected icon for the button.

public boolean isSelected()

Returns the state of the button. True if the toggle button is
selected, false if it's not.

45
 JLabel
A label is a display area for a short text(a non-editable), an
image, or both.
javax.swing.JComponent
The get and set methods for thes e data fields are provided in
the class, but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.
javax.swing.JLabel
-text: String The lab el’s text.
-icon: javax.swing.Icon The lab el’s image icon.
-horizontalAlign ment: int The horizontal alignment of the text and icon on the lab el.
-horizontalTextPosition: int The horizontal text position relative to the icon on the label.
-verticalAlignment: int The vertical alignment of the text and icon on the label.
-verticalTextPosition: int The vertical text position relative to the icon on th e label.
-iconTextGap: int The gap between the text and the icon on the label (JDK 1.4 ).
+JLabel() Creates a default label with no text and icon.
+JLabel(icon: javax.swing.Icon) Creates a label with an icon.
+JLabel(icon: Icon, hAlignment: int) Creates a label with an icon an d the specified horizon tal alignment.
+JLabel(text: String) Creates a label with text.
+JLabel(text: String, icon: Icon, Creates a label with text, an icon, an d the specified horizon tal align ment.
hAlignment: int)
46 +JLabel(text:
46 String, hAlignmen t: int) Creates a label with text and the specified horizontal alignment.
 JLabel
The constructors for labels are as follows
JLabel()
• Creates a default label with no text and icon.
JLabel(String text)
• Creates a label with text.
JLabel(Icon icon)
• Creates a label with an icon.
JLabel(String text, int horizontalAlignment)
• Creates a label with an text and the specified horizontal
alignment.

47 47
 JLabel

The constructors for labels are as follows:

JLabel(Icon icon, int horizontalAlignment)

• Creates a label with an icon and the specified horizontal
alignment.

JLabel(String text, Icon icon, int

horizontalAlignment)

• Creates a label with text, an icon, and the specified horizontal

alignment.
48 48
 JLabel

JLabel Properties

JLabel inherits all the properties from JComponent and has

many properties similar to the ones in JButton, such as

text, icon, horizontalAlignment,

verticalAlignment, horizontalTextPosition,
verticalTextPosition, and iconTextGap.

49 49
 JLabel Jlabel…
Some Useful JLabel Methods

public String getText()

Returns a string containing the text in the label component
public void setText(String)
Sets the label component to contain the string value
public Icon getIcon()
Returns the graphic image (icon) that the label displays.
public void setIcon(Icon icon)
Defines the icon this component will display. If the value of
icon is null, nothing is displayed.
50
 JLabel
Using Labels
// Create an image icon from image file
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon("image/grapes.gif");

// Create a label with text, an icon, with centered horizontal alignment

JLabel jlbl = new JLabel("Grapes", icon, SwingConstants.CENTER);

// Set label's text alignment and gap between text and icon
jlbl.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.CENTER);
jlbl.setVerticalTextPosition(SwingConstants.BOTTOM);
jlbl.setIconTextGap(5);

51 51
 JTextField
A text field is a box that contains a line of text. The user can
type text into the box and the program can get it and then use
it as data.
The program can write the results of a calculation to a
Text Field.
Text fields are useful in that they enable the user to enter in
variable data (such as a name or a description).
JTextField is swing class for an editable text display.

52 52
 JTextField

The get and set methods for these data fields are provided in
the class, but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.
javax.swing.text.JTextComponent
-text: String The text contained in this text component.
-editable: boolean Indicates whether this text component is editable (default: true).

javax.swing.JTextField
-columns: int The number of columns in this text field.
-horizontalAlignment: int The horizontal alignment of this text field (default: LEFT).
+JTextField() Creates a default empty text field with number of columns set to 0.
+JTextField(column: int) Creates an empty text field with specified number of columns.
+JTextField(text: String) Creates a text field initialized with the specified text.
+JTextField(text: String, columns: int) Creates a text field initialized with the specified text and columns.

53 53
 JTextField

JTextField Constructors:

JTextField(int columns)
Creates an empty text field with the specified number of columns.
JTextField(String text)
Creates a text field initialized with the specified text.
JTextField(String text, int columns)
Creates a text field initialized with the specified text and the column
size.

54 54
 JTextField
JTextField Properties
text
horizontalAlignment
editable
columns

55 55
 JTextField
JTextField Methods
public String getText()
Returns the string from the text field.
public void setText(String text)
Puts the given string in the text field.
public void setEditable(boolean
editable)
Enables or disables the text field to be edited. By default,
editable is true.
public void setColumns(int)
Sets the number of columns in this text field.
The length of the text field is changeable.
56 56
 JTextField
JTextField Methods
public void select(int selectionStart,
int selectionEnd)
Selects the text between the specified start and end
positions.

public String getSelectedText()

Returns the text value that has been highlighted in the text
field.

public void append(Stringvalue)

Appends the text value of the string to the already existing
text in the component
57 57
 JTextField
Using Text Fields
JLabel Fname= new JLabel("First Name");
JTextField text = new JTextField(10);

JLabel Lname= new JLabel("Last Name");

JTextField text1 = new JTextField("Text1",10);

jtf.setEditable(false);
add(Fname); add(text); add(Lname); add(text1);

58 58
 JPasswordField….

• Allows the editing of a single line of text where the view

indicates something was typed, but does not show the
original characters.

• JPasswordField class is subclass of JTextField class.

59
 JPasswordField…
JPasswordField Constructor Summary
JPasswordField()
Constructs a new JPasswordField, with a default document, null starting
text string, and 0 column width.

JPasswordField(int columns)
Constructs a new empty JPasswordField with the specified number of
columns.
JPasswordField(String text)
Constructs a new JPasswordField initialized with the specified text.
JPasswordField(String text, int columns)
Constructs a new JPasswordField initialized with the specified text and
columns.
60
 JPasswordField….

JLabel lb = new JLabel(“Password”);

JPasswordField password = new JPasswordField(10);

61
 JTextArea

If you want to let the user enter multiple lines of text, you
cannot use text fields unless you create several of them.

The solution is to use JTextArea class, which enables

the user to enter multiple lines of text.

62 62
 JTextArea….
javax.swing.text.JTextComponent The get and set methods for these data fields are provided in
the class, but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.
javax.swing.JTextArea
-columns: int The number of columns in this text area.
-rows: int The number of rows in this text area.
-tabSize: int The number of characters used to expand tabs (default: 8).
-lineWrap: boolean Indicates whether the line in the text area is automatically wrapped (default:
false).
-wrapStyleWord: boolean Indicates whether the line is wrapped on words or characters (default: false).
+JTextArea() Creates a default empty text area.
+JTextArea(rows: int, columns: int) Creates an empty text area with the specified number of rows and columns.
+JTextArea(text: String) Creates a new text area with the specified text displayed.
+JTextArea(text: String, rows: int, columns: int) Creates a new text area with the specified text and number of rows and columns.
+append(s: String): void Appends the string to text in the text area.
+insert(s: String, pos: int): void Inserts string s in the specified position in the text area.
+replaceRange(s: String, start: int, end: int): Replaces partial text in the range from position start to end with string s.
void
+getLineCount(): int Returns the actual number of lines contained in the text area.

63 63
 JTextArea….
JTextArea Constructors

JTextArea(int rows, int columns)

Creates a text area with the specified number of rows and
columns.

JTextArea(String s, int rows, int columns)

Creates a text area with the initial text and
the number of rows and columns specified.

64 64
 JTextArea….
JTextArea Properties:
text
editable
columns
lineWrap
wrapStyleWord
rows
lineCount
tabSize
65 65
 JTextArea
Text Area

Effect of Scroll Pane

JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 20);

JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
textArea.setEditable(true);
JPanel p = new JPanel();
p.add(scrollPane);

66
 JTextArea…

67
 JCheckBox
JCheckBox is a widget that has two states. On and Off. It is a
box with a label.
If the checkbox is checked, it is represented by a tick in a box.

JCheckBox inherits all the properties from AbstractButton

such as:
text, icon, mnemonic, verticalAlignment, horizontalAlignment,
horizontalTextPosition, verticalTextPosition, and selected.

Provides several constructors to create check boxes.

68 68
 JCheckBox …

javax.swing.AbstractButton

javax.swing.JToggleButton

javax.swing.JCheckBox
+JCheckBox() Creates a default check box button with no text and icon.
+JCheckBox(text: String) Creates a check box with text.
+JCheckBox(text: String, selected: Creates a check box with text and specifies whether the check box is
boolean) initially selected.
+JCheckBox(icon: Icon) Creates a checkbox with an icon.
+JCheckBox(text: String, icon: Icon) Creates a checkbox with text and an icon.
+JCheckBox(text: String, icon: Icon, Creates a check box with text and an icon, and specifies whether the check
selected: boolean) box is initially selected.

69 69
 JCheckBox …

JCheckBox Constructor Summary

JCheckBox()
Creates an initially unselected check box button with no text, no icon.
JCheckBox(Icon icon)
Creates an initially unselected check box with an icon.
JCheckBox(Icon icon, boolean selected)
Creates a check box with an icon and specifies whether or not it is initially
selected.
JCheckBox(String text)
Creates an initially unselected check box with text.

70
 JCheckBox …
JCheckBox Constructor Summary

JCheckBox(String text, boolean selected)

Creates a check box with text and specifies whether or not it is
initially selected.
JCheckBox(String text, Icon icon)
Creates an initially unselected check box with the specified text and
icon.
JCheckBox(String text, Icon icon,
boolean selected)
Creates a check box with text and icon, and specifies whether or not
it is initially selected.

71
 JCheckBox…

JCheckBox red = new JCheckBox(“Red”, true);

JCheckBox blue = new JCheckBox(“Blue”);
JCheckBox green = new JCheckBox(“Green”);
JCheckBox yellow = new JCheckBox(“Yellow”);
72
 JRadioButton
Radio buttons are variations of check boxes. They are often
used in the group, where only one button is checked at a
time.

73 73
 JRadioButton

javax.swing.AbstractButton

javax.swing.JToggleButton

javax.swing.JRadioButton
+JRadioButton() Creates a default radio button with no text and icon.
+JRadioButton(text: String) Creates a radio button with text.
+JRadioButton(text: String, selected: Creates a radio button with text and specifies whether the radio button is
boolean) initially selected.
+JRadioButton(icon: Icon) Creates a radio button with an icon.
+JRadioButton(text: String, icon: Icon) Creates a radio button with text and an icon.
+JRadioButton(text: String, icon: Icon, Creates a radio button with text and an icon, and specifies whether the radio
selected: boolean) button is initially selected.

74 74
 JRadioButton

JRadioButton bird = new JRadioButton("Bird");

JRadioButton cat = new JRadioButton("Cat");
JRadioButton dog = new JRadioButton("Dog");
add(bird);
add(cat);
add(dog);
75
 JRadioButton…

JRadioButton bird = new JRadioButton("Bird");

JRadioButton cat = new JRadioButton("Cat");
JRadioButton dog = new JRadioButton("Dog");
add(bird); add(cat); add(dog);
ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup();
bg.add(bird); bg.add(cat); bg.add(dog);
76
 JList

A list is a component that performs basically the same

function as a combo box, but it enables the user to choose a
single value or multiple values.

77 77
 JList…
javax.swing.JComponent

javax.swing.JList
+JList() Creates a default empty list.
+JList(items: Object[]) Creates a list that contains the elements in the specified array.
+getSelectedIndex(): int Returns the index of the first selected item.
+setSelectedIndex(index: int): void Selects the cell at the specified index.
+getSelectedIndices(): int[] Returns an array of all of the selected indices in increasing order.
+setSelectedIndices(indices: int[]): void Selects the cells at the specified indices.
+getSelectedValue(): Object Returns the first selected item in the list.
+getSelectedValues(): Object[] Returns an array of the values for the selected cells in increasing index order.
+getVisibleRowCount(): int Returns the number of visible rows displayed without a scrollbar. (default: 8)
+setVisibleRowCount(count: int): void Sets the preferred number of visible rows displayed without a scrollbar.
+getSelectionBackground(): Color Returns the background color of the selected cells.
+setSelectionBackground(c: Color): void Sets the background color of the selected cells.
+getSelectionForeground(): Color Returns the foreground color of the selected cells.
+setSelectionForeground(c: Color): void Sets the foreground color of the selected cells.
+getSelectionMode(): int Returns the selection mode for the list.
78 78
 JList…

JList Constructors

JList(): Creates an empty list.

JList(Object[] stringItems)
Creates a new list initialized with items.

79 79
 JList…
Jlist Methods
void setSelectionMode(int selectionMode)
Determines whether single-item or multiple-item selections are
allowed.

selectionMode:- is one of the three values

(SINGLE_SELECTION, SINGLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION,
MULTIPLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION).

int getSelectionMode()
Returns whether single-item or multiple-item selections are
allowed.
80 80
 JList…
Jlist Methods
Object[] getSelectedValues()
Returns an array of the values for the selected cells.

Object getSelectedValue()
Returns the first selected value, or null if the selection is empty.

void setListData(Object[ ] listData)

Constructs a ListModel from an array of objects and then applies
setModel to it.

81 81
 JList…
Jlist Methods
Color getSelectionBackground()
Returns the background color for selected cells.
Color getSelectionForeground()
Returns the selection foreground color.
void setSelectionBackground(Color selectionBackground)
Sets the background color for selected cells.
void setSelectionForeground(Color selectionForeground)
Sets the foreground color for selected cells.
int getSelectedIndex()
Returns the first selected index; returns -1 if there is no selected
item.
82 82
 JList…
JList Properties
selectedIndexd
selectedIndices
selectedValue
selectedValues
selectionMode
visibleRowCount

83 83
 Jlist…
String[] str={“Math”,”Computer”,”Physics”,”Chemistry”};
JList list = new JList(str);
JPanel p = new JPanel();
p.add(list);

84
 JComboBox
A combo box is a simple list of items from which the user can
choose. It performs basically the same function as a list, but can
get only one value.
javax.swing.JComponent

javax.swing.JComboBox
+JComboBox() Creates a default empty combo box.
+JComboBox(items: Object[]) Creates a combo box that contains the elements in the specified array.
+addItem(item: Object): void Adds an item to the combo box.
+getItemAt(index: int): Object Returns the item at the specified index.
+getItemCount(): int Returns the number of items in the combo box.
+getSelectedIndex(): int Returns the index of the selected item.
+setSelectedIndex(index: int): void Sets the selected index in the combo box.
+getSelectedItem(): Object Returns the selected item.
+setSelectedItem(item: Object): void Sets the selected item in the combo box.
+removeItem(anObject: Object): void Removes an item from the item list.
+removeItemAt(anIndex: int): void Removes the item at the specified index in the combo box.
+removeAllItems(): void Removes all items in the combo box.
85 85
 JComboBox….
JComboBox Methods
void addItem(Object AnObject)
Adds an item to the item list.
Object getItemAt(int index)
Returns the list item at the specified index.
int getItemCount()
Returns the number of items in the list.
int getSelectedIndex()
Returns the first item in the list that matches the given item.

86 86
 JComboBox….
JComboBox Methods
Object getSelectedItem()
Returns the current selected item.
void removeAllItems()
Removes all items from the item list.
void removeItem(Object anObject)
Removes an item from the item list.
void removeItemAt(int anIndex)
Removes the item at anIndex This method works only if the
JComboBox uses a mutable data model.
void setEnabled(boolean b)
Enables the combo box so that items can be selected.
87 87
 JComboBox….
String[] petStrings = { "Bird", "Cat", "Dog",
"Rabbit", "Pig" };
//Create the combo box, select item at index 4.
//Indices start at 0, so 4 specifies the pig.
JComboBox petList = new JComboBox(petStrings);
petList.setSelectedIndex(4);

88
 Menu Components

89
 Menu Components…
import java.awt.*;import javax.swing.*;
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String args[]) {
JFrame f = new JFrame("JMenuBar Sample");
f.setSize(300, 200);
f.setVisible(true);
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
JMenuBar bar = new JMenuBar();
JMenu menu = new JMenu("Sample Menu");
/JMenuItem menuItem1=new JMenuItem(“Sub Menu 1”);
menu.add(menuItem1);
JMenuItem menuIte2 = new JMenuItem(“Sub Menu 2”);
menu.add(menuItem2);
JMenuItem menuItem3 = new JMenuItem(“Sub Menu 3”);
menu.add(menuItem3);
bar.add(menu);
f.setJMenuBar(bar);

}
}

90
 Adding Components into a Frame
Each JFrame contains a content pane.

A content pane is an instance of java.awt.Container.

The GUI components such as buttons are placed in the

content pane in a frame.

Prior to JDK 1.5, you have to use the getContentPane()

method in the JFrame class to return the content pane of
the frame, and then invoke the content pane’s add method
to place a component into a content pane.
91
 Adding Components into a Frame
This was cumbersome, JDK 1.5 allows you to place the
components to the content pane by invoking a frame’s add
method.
This new feature is called content pane delegation.
Strictly speaking, a component is added into the content
pane of the frame. But for simplicity we say that a
component is added to a frame.
When a component is added to a container, a reference to
the component is added to the list of components in the
container.

92
 Adding Components into a Frame
// Add a button into the frame
Jbutton jbt = new Jbutton(“OK”);
frame.getContentPane().add(jbt);

OR

frame.getContentPane().add(new JButton("OK"));

Title bar

Content pane

93 93
 Adding Components into a Frame
Content Pane Delegation in JDK 1.5
Title bar // Add a button into the frame
Jbutton jbt = new Jbutton(“OK”);
frame.getContentPane().add(jbt);
OR
frame.getContentPane().add(new JButton("OK"));

Content pane

// Add a button into the frame

JButton jbt = new Jbutton(“OK”)
frame.add(jbt);
OR
frame.add(new JButton("OK"));
94 94
 Adding Components into a Frame
import javax.swing.*;
public class MyFrameWithComponents {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("MyFrameWithComponents");

// Add a button into the frame

JButton jbtOK = new JButton("OK");
frame.add(jbtOK);

frame.setSize(400, 300);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); // New since JDK 1.4
}
}
95
 Adding Components into a Frame
The add(component c) method defined in the container
class adds an instance of component.

To remove a component from a container, use the

remove(component c) method.

The following statements removes the button from the

container.
Example: frame.remove(jbtOK);

96
 Adding Components into a Frame
When you run the above program MyFrameWithComponents,
the button is always centered in the frame and occupies the entire
frame no matter how you resize it.

This is because components are put in the frame by the content

pane’s layout manager, and the default layout manager for the
content pane places the button in the center.

Set layout Manager before adding components.

In the next section, you will use several different layout managers
to place components in other location as desired.
97
 Layout Management
Layouts tell Java where to put components in containers
(JPanel, content pane, etc).
Layout manager is created using layout manager class.
Every layout manager class implements the
LayoutManager class.
Each layout manager has a different style of positioning
components. If you don't specify otherwise, the container
will use a default layout manager.

Every panel (and other container) has a default layout, but

it's better to set the layout explicitly for clarity.
98
 Layout Management
Layout managers are set in containers using the
setLayout(LayoutManager) method.

Example:
LayoutManager layoutManager = new XLayout();
container.setLayout(layoutManager);

Java supplies several layout managers: these are

99
 Layout Management…
BorderLayout GridLayout
FlowLayout

Left to right, w e
c
Top to bottom

CardLayout GridBagLayout null

none,
One at a time JButton programmer
sets x,y,w,h

100
 FlowLayout
Simplest layout manager.
Components are placed left to right in the order in which
they were added. When one row is filled, a new row is
started.
Components can be right aligned, centered or left aligned
by using FlowLayout.RIGHT, FlowLayout.CENTER,
and FlowLayout.LEFT respectivley.
The FlowLayout manager is
part of the java.awt package.

101
 FlowLayout Class

The constructors FlowLayout class

The get and set methods for these data fields are provided in
java.awt.FlowLayout the class, but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.

-alignment: int The alignment of this layout manager (default: CENTER).

-hgap: int The horizontal gap of this layout manager (default: 5 pixels).
-vgap: int The vertical gap of this layout manager (default: 5 pixels).

+FlowLayout() Creates a default FlowLayout manager.

+FlowLayout(alignment: int) Creates a FlowLayout manager with a specified alignment.
+FlowLayout(alignment: int, hgap: Creates a FlowLayout manager with a specified alignment,
int, vgap: int) horizontal gap, and vertical gap.

102 102
 FlowLayout

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class ShowFlowLayout extends JFrame {
public ShowFlowLayout() {
// Set FlowLayout, aligned left with horizontal gap 10
// and vertical gap 20 between components
setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT, 10, 20));
// Add labels and text fields to the frame
add(new JLabel("First Name"));
add(new JTextField(8));
add(new JLabel("MI"));
add(new JTextField(1));
add(new JLabel("Last Name"));
add(new JTextField(8));
}
103
 FlowLayout

public static void main(String[] args) {

ShowFlowLayout frame = new ShowFlowLayout();

frame.setTitle("ShowFlowLayout");
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

104
 BorderLayout
The BorderLayout manager divides the window into five
areas: East, South, West, North, and Center.
At most five components can be added.
If you want more components, add a Panel, then add
components to it.

Components are added to a BorderLayout by using

add(Component, index) where index is a constant such
as :
BorderLayout.EAST
BorderLayout.SOUTH
BorderLayout.WEST
BorderLayout.NORTH
105
BorderLayout.CENTER
 BorderLayout…

The get and set methods for these data fields are provided in
java.awt.BorderLayout the class, but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.

-hgap: int The horizontal gap of this layout manager (default: 0).
-vgap: int The vertical gap of this layout manager (default: 0).

+BorderLayout() Creates a default BorderLayout manager.

+BorderLayout(hgap: int, vgap: int) Creates a BorderLayout manager with a specified number of
horizontal gap, and vertical gap.

106 106
 BorderLayout …
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
public class ShowFlowLayout extends JFrame {
public ShowFlowLayout() {
// Set BorderLayout with horizontal gap 5 and vertical gap 10
setLayout(new BorderLayout(5, 10));

// Add buttons to the frame

add(new JButton("East"), BorderLayout.EAST);
add(new JButton("South"), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
add(new JButton("West"), BorderLayout.WEST);
add(new JButton("North"), BorderLayout.NORTH);
add(new JButton("Center"), BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
107
 BorderLayout…
public static void main(String[] args) {
ShowFlowLayout frame = new ShowFlowLayout();
frame.setTitle("ShowBorderLayout");
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

108
 GridLayout
The GridLayout manager divides the container up into a given
number of rows and columns:
new GridLayout(rows, columns)
All sections of the grid are equally sized and as large as possible

setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 3));

add(new Button(“one"));
add(new Button(“two"));
add(new Button(“three"));
add(new Button(“four"));
add(new Button(“five"));
add(new Button(“six"));
109
 GridLayout…

The get and set methods for these data fields are provided in
java.awt.GridLayout the class, but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.

-rows: int The number of rows in this layout manager (default: 1).
-columns: int The number of columns in this layout manager (default: 1).
-hgap: int The horizontal gap of this layout manager (default: 0).
-vgap: int The vertical gap of this layout manager (default: 0).

+GridLayout() Creates a default GridLayout manager.

+GridLayout(rows: int, columns: int) Creates a GridLayout with a specified number of rows and columns.
+GridLayout(rows: int, columns: int, Creates a GridLayout manager with a specified number of rows and
hgap: int, vgap: int) columns, horizontal gap, and vertical gap.

110 110
 GridLayout … example
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
public class ShowGridLayout extends JFrame {
public ShowGridLayout() {

setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 2, 5, 5));

add(new JLabel("First Name"));

add(new JTextField(8));
add(new JLabel("MI"));
add(new JTextField(1));
add(new JLabel("Last Name"));
add(new JTextField(8));
}
111
 GridLayout example…
public static void main(String[] args) {
ShowGridLayout frame = new ShowGridLayout();
frame.setTitle("ShowGridLayout");
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setSize(200, 125); frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

Output:

112
 GridLayout …
You can specify the number of rows and columns in the grid.
The basic rules are as follows:
I. The number of rows or the number of columns can be zero.
But not both. If one is zero and the other is nonzero,
nonzero dimension is fixed, while the zero dimension is
determined dynamically by the layout manager.

For example: if you specify three rows and zero columns

for a grid that has ten components, GrideLayout creats three
fixed rows of four columns, with the last row contains two
components.
113
 GridLayout …

II. If both the number of rows and the number of columns

are nonzero, the number of rows is the dominating
parameter; that is, the number of rows is fixed, and the
layout manager dynamically calculates the number of
columns.
For example: if you specify three rows and three
columns for a grid that has ten components , GridLayout
creates three fixed rows of four columns, with the last
row containing two components.

114
 GridBagLayout
GridBagLayout lays out components based on a grid with
rows and columns that need not all be the same size.
GridBagLayout is the most sophisticated, flexible layout
manager the Java platform provides.
For each component there are eleven constraint values

115
 BoxLayout
BoxLayout arranges components either horizontally or
vertically in a panel.
You can control alignment and spacing of the components.
Complicated layouts can be made by combining many panels,
some with horizontal layout and some with vertical layouts.

116
 Using Panels as Sub container
When the user resizes the frame the layout of components
can change drastically.
FlowLayout does not keep related items together. It just
puts them in the rows one after another as they are added.
This section discusses how to better control the layout
process.
One method for ensuring that a graphical interface looks the
way you intend is setResizable method of JFrame. So that
you can prevent the user from resizing it.
public void setResizable(boolean resizable)

117
 Using Panels as Sub container
If the parameter is false then the user cannot resize the
frame.
But this does not solve all problems. When a frame contains
several logical groups of components it may be difficult to
lay them out correctly using a single layout manager.

You would like to group related components together, and

then to lay out the groups in the frame. This is where panels
are useful.

118
 Using Panels as Sub container
A JPanel is a container that is used to group components
together.
Panels do not have visible edges.
To layout components using JPanels:

1. Decide on how to divide the frame into panels.

2. Add GUI components to panels .
3. Add the panels to the frame.

Each panel has its own layout manager.

119
 Using Panels as Sub container
The default layout manager of JPanel is Flowlayout,
which is often ideal, but you may use another layout
manager if appropriate.

When the panels are added to a frame, the frame's

layout manager arranges the panels as if each panel were a
single component.

120
 Adding Components to JPanels
You can use new JPanel() to create a panel with the default
FlowLayout manager or new JPanel(LayoutManager)
to create a panel with the specified layout manager.
Use the Add(Component c) method to add a component to
the panel.
You need to say which container (which panel) gets each
component.
Syntax:
whichPanel.add(ComponentObjectRefVar);
means run the add() method of whichPanel to add the object
to that panel.
121
 Adding Components to JPanels
For example:- The following code creates a panel and adds
a button to it.
JPanel p = new JPanel();
p.add(new JbButton(“OK”));
Panels can be placed inside a frame or inside another panel.
JFrame f = new JFrame();
JPanel p = new JPanel();
f.add(p);

JPanel p1 = new JPanel();

JPanel p = new JPanel();
p1.add(p);
122
f.add(p1);
 Adding Components to JPanels
The default layout manager, for JPanel is FlowLayout, so
setLayout() does not need to be called.
Example 1: Create a window which looks like the following:

123
 Adding Components to JPanels
Create Components
JLabel lb1 = new JLabel("Percent of Calories from Fat");
Jlabel lbl2 = new JLabel("Enter grams of fat: ");
Jlabel lbl3 = new JLabel("Enter total calories: ");
Jlabel lbl4 = new JLabel("Percent calories from fat: ");

JTextField txt1 = new JTextField( 7 );

JTextField txt2 = new JTextField( 7 );
JTextField txt3 = new JTextField( 7 );

JButton jbt1 = new JButton("Do It!");

124
 Adding Components to JPanels
Create Panels

JPanel p1 = new JPanel();

JPanel p2 = new JPanel();
Jpanel p3 = new JPanel();
JPanel p4 = new JPanel();
JPanel p5 = new JPanel();

125
 Adding Components to JPanels
Add Components to Panel
p1.add( lb1 );

p2.add( lbl2 );
p2.add( txt1 );

p3.add( lbl3 );
p3.add( txt2 );

p4.add( lbl4 );
p4.add( txt3);

126 p5.add( jbt1 );

 Adding Components to JPanels
Add Panel into the Frame
setLayout( new FlowLayout());

add( p1 );
add( p2 );
add( p3 );
add( p4 );
add( p5 );

127
 Adding Components to JPanels
Example 2: Create a window which looks like the following:

128
 Adding Components to JPanels
Create Components

JLabel lData1 = new JLabel("Data Item 1");

JLabel lData2 = new JLabel("Data Item 2");
JLabel lData3 = new JLabel("Data Item 3");

JTextField txData1 = new JTextField( 7 );

JTextField txData2 = new JTextField( 7 );
JTextField txData3 = new JTextField( 7 );

129
 Adding Components to JPanels
Create Panels

JPanel panel1 = new JPanel();

JPanel panel2 = new JPanel();
JPanel panel3 = new JPanel();

130
 Adding Components to JPanels
Add Components to Panel

panel1.add( lData1 );
panel1.add( txData1 );

panel2.add( lData2 );
panel2.add( txData2 );

panel3.add( lData3 );
panel3.add( txData3 );

131
 Adding Components to JPanels
Add Panel into the Frame

setLayout( new FlowLayout());

add( panel1 );
add( panel2 );
add( panel3 );

132
 Adding Components to JPanels
Exercise : Create a window which looks like the following:

133
 Adding Components to JPanels
BoxLayout
Sometimes you want components to be lined up in a strictly
vertical (or strictly horizontal) order. This can be done with
a BoxLayout layout manager.
Here is a constructor for it:
BoxLayout(Container contain, int axis)
contain: the container this layout manager is for
axis: BoxLayout.X_AXIS — for left to right alignment
BoxLayout.Y_AXIS — for top to bottom alignment

134
 Adding Components to JPanels
Notice that the constructor needs a reference to the container
that it is managing.
To set the layout manager of a JPanel to BoxLayout with
vertical alignment, do this:
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout( new BoxLayout( panel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS) );

135
 Adding Components to JPanels
Example 1 : Create a window which looks like the following:

136
 Adding Components to JPanels
• Add components into the panel
panel1.add( lData1 ); panel1.add( txData1 );
panel2.add( lData2 ); panel2.add( txData2 );
panel3.add( lData3 ); panel3.add( txData3 );
panel4.add( lData4 ); panel4.add( txData4 );
panel5.add( lData5 ); panel5.add( txData5 );
panel6.add( lData6 ); panel6.add( txData6 );

137
 Adding Components to JPanels
• Set layout manager for left panel, add three
small panels to it:

pnLeft.setLayout( new BoxLayout( pnLeft, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS ) );

pnLeft.add ( panel1 );
pnLeft.add( panel2 );
pnLeft.add ( panel3 );

138
 Adding Components to JPanels
• Set layout manager for right panel, add three
small panels to it:
pnRight.setLayout( new BoxLayout( pnRight, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS ) );
pnRight.add( panel4);
pnRight.add( panel5);
pnRight.add( panel6);

139
 Adding Components to JPanels
• Add left and right panels to the frame

setLayout( new FlowLayout() );

add( pnLeft );
add( pnRight );

140
 Example
Layout Managers can be used together
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class TestPanels extends JFrame {
publicTestPanels() {
JPanel p1 = new JPanel();
p1.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 3));
for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++)
p1.add(new JButton("" + i));
p1.add(new JButton("" + 0));
p1.add(new JButton("Start"));
p1.add(new JButton("Stop"));
JPanel p2 = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
p2.add(new JTextField("Time to be displayed here"),
BorderLayout.NORTH);
141
 Example
p2.add(p1, BorderLayout.CENTER);
add(p2, BorderLayout.EAST);
add(new JButton("Food to be placed here"), BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestPanels frame = new TestPanels();
frame.setTitle("The Front View of a Microwave Oven");
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); // Center the frame
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setSize(400, 250);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

142
 Jpanel…
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class MainClass extends JFrame {
private JPanel buttonJPanel; // panel to hold buttons
private JButton buttons[]; // array of buttons
public MainClass(){ // no-argument constructor
super( "Panel Demo" );
buttons = new JButton[ 5 ]; // create buttons array
buttonJPanel = new JPanel(); // set up panel
buttonJPanel.setLayout( new GridLayout( 1, buttons.length ) );
for (int i=0;i<buttons.length;i++){
buttons[i] = new JButton("Button "+(i+1));
buttonJPanel.add( buttons[i]);
add( buttonJPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH );
} // end PanelFrame constructor
} // end class PanelFrame
143
}
 JPanel…
class PanelDemo extends JFrame {
public static void main( String args[] ){
MainClass panelFrame = new MainClass();
panelFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE );
panelFrame.setSize( 450, 200 ); // set frame size
panelFrame.setVisible( true ); // display frame
}
}

144
 Reading Assignment
Constructors and Methods of all
components and Layout Managers
discussed in this lecture

145