Labrep Sublimation
Labrep Sublimation
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Name: __Ocampo, Jazmin E.___________ Date: __Nov. 30, 2022__
Section: ___ChE-2107________________ Rating: __________
___________Sublimation___________
I. Discussion
When a pure organic solid is heated, the vapor pressures of all the components are
increased. Vapor pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by the gas of a substance when it is
in equilibrium with the liquid or solid phase of that substance. If the vapor pressure of the major
component rises more rapidly than that of the impurity so that this vapor pressure equals one
atmosphere before the melting point of this component is reached, the solid will pass into vapor
without intermediate passage to the liquid state. Upon cooling, the vapor is converted to crystals
which have a high degree of purity. This process is known as sublimation. This is one of the
most convenient techniques in purifying solid organic substances which have high reasonable
vapor pressures. In this method of purification, the solid is heated until its vapor pressure is high
enough to collect on a cooled surface above the solid. One of the advantages of this method is
the less time requirement and less transferring operations as compared to crystallization but it
cannot be used for the separation of compounds having similar vapor pressures.
II. Objective/s
● Be familiar with the concepts of Sublimation
● Learn about the techniques in purifying solid organic compounds from its mixture
III. Materials/Reagents
The materials that will be used in this experimentation will be the following:
● 1 g naphthalene powder
● 1 g sodium sulfate
● Evaporating dish
● Filter paper
● Glass funnel
● Watch glass
● Hot water
● Barium chloride solution
● Wire gauze ceramic
● Alcohol burner lamp
● Mortar
● Spatula
● Ring stand
● Lighter
IV. Drawings/Set-up
Sublimation Set-up
Procedures:
Place about two (2) grams of mixture of powdered naphthalene and sodium sulfate in an
evaporating dish. Cover the dish with a filter paper on a glass funnel. Heat very slowly with a
small amount of the sublimate in hot water and add a few drops of barium chloride solution.
V. Observation/Discussion of Results
Table 1. Observations During the Experiment
From the data gathered during the experimentation, the mixture of powdered naphthalene
and sodium sulfate was heated after the preparation of the set-up was done. After 5 minutes,
there is a visible formation of moisture present in the funnel, one of the possible causes of this is
because the one component of the mixture began to sublimate which in this case, the
naphthalene. And after 15 minutes, the sublimate had already formed in the filter paper. The
sublimate was then transferred into a watch glass. There is no reaction when hot water is added
to the sublimate. When two drops of barium chloride solution were added, the sublimate
appeared in a cloudy white appearance and floated on the watch glass.
VI. Conclusions/Generalizations
There are various ways to purify organic compounds, however, sublimation is the
preferred method to use when purifying a volatile organic compound that has been contaminated
with non-volatile impurities. In this experimentation, as the temperature increased at a certain
point, the mixture was then heated and turned organic compounds into vapor and therefore
turned the naphthalene into a sublimate and the sodium sulfate became the residue in this
experiment. The relationship of temperature and vapor pressure is clearly evident in this
experimentation. This type of process is used for various chemical purposes. Though there are
certain solids that are capable of sublimation, it is an excellent way to purify because it consumes
less time and transferring methods compared to other purification methods.