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Labrep Sublimation

1. Sublimation is a purification technique where a solid is heated such that its vapor pressure increases and it transitions directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid. This allows purification by separating compounds with different vapor pressures. 2. An experiment was conducted to purify a mixture of naphthalene and sodium sulfate powder via sublimation. Moisture formed in the filter paper after 5 minutes of heating, indicating naphthalene was subliming. After 15 minutes, a brown sublimate had formed, showing purification was achieved. 3. Sublimation is an effective purification method for volatile organic compounds contaminated with non-volatile impurities, as it requires less time and transfers than

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Jazmin Ocampo
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448 views4 pages

Labrep Sublimation

1. Sublimation is a purification technique where a solid is heated such that its vapor pressure increases and it transitions directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid. This allows purification by separating compounds with different vapor pressures. 2. An experiment was conducted to purify a mixture of naphthalene and sodium sulfate powder via sublimation. Moisture formed in the filter paper after 5 minutes of heating, indicating naphthalene was subliming. After 15 minutes, a brown sublimate had formed, showing purification was achieved. 3. Sublimation is an effective purification method for volatile organic compounds contaminated with non-volatile impurities, as it requires less time and transfers than

Uploaded by

Jazmin Ocampo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Organic Chemistry Individual Report Group No.

__6__
Name: __Ocampo, Jazmin E.___________ Date: __Nov. 30, 2022__
Section: ___ChE-2107________________ Rating: __________

Experiment No. _1_

Methods of Organic Purification

___________Sublimation___________

I. Discussion
When a pure organic solid is heated, the vapor pressures of all the components are
increased. Vapor pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by the gas of a substance when it is
in equilibrium with the liquid or solid phase of that substance. If the vapor pressure of the major
component rises more rapidly than that of the impurity so that this vapor pressure equals one
atmosphere before the melting point of this component is reached, the solid will pass into vapor
without intermediate passage to the liquid state. Upon cooling, the vapor is converted to crystals
which have a high degree of purity. This process is known as sublimation. This is one of the
most convenient techniques in purifying solid organic substances which have high reasonable
vapor pressures. In this method of purification, the solid is heated until its vapor pressure is high
enough to collect on a cooled surface above the solid. One of the advantages of this method is
the less time requirement and less transferring operations as compared to crystallization but it
cannot be used for the separation of compounds having similar vapor pressures.

II. Objective/s
● Be familiar with the concepts of Sublimation
● Learn about the techniques in purifying solid organic compounds from its mixture
III. Materials/Reagents
The materials that will be used in this experimentation will be the following:
● 1 g naphthalene powder
● 1 g sodium sulfate
● Evaporating dish
● Filter paper
● Glass funnel
● Watch glass
● Hot water
● Barium chloride solution
● Wire gauze ceramic
● Alcohol burner lamp
● Mortar
● Spatula
● Ring stand
● Lighter

IV. Drawings/Set-up

Sublimation Set-up
Procedures:
Place about two (2) grams of mixture of powdered naphthalene and sodium sulfate in an
evaporating dish. Cover the dish with a filter paper on a glass funnel. Heat very slowly with a
small amount of the sublimate in hot water and add a few drops of barium chloride solution.

V. Observation/Discussion of Results
Table 1. Observations During the Experiment

Time Passed Observations

5 minutes There is moisture formed in the funnel.

15 minutes The filter paper turned brown, hence the


alcohol burner was turned off.

From the data gathered during the experimentation, the mixture of powdered naphthalene
and sodium sulfate was heated after the preparation of the set-up was done. After 5 minutes,
there is a visible formation of moisture present in the funnel, one of the possible causes of this is
because the one component of the mixture began to sublimate which in this case, the
naphthalene. And after 15 minutes, the sublimate had already formed in the filter paper. The
sublimate was then transferred into a watch glass. There is no reaction when hot water is added
to the sublimate. When two drops of barium chloride solution were added, the sublimate
appeared in a cloudy white appearance and floated on the watch glass.

Sublimation Process and End-product


Questions for Discussion:
● What does the result indicate?
- The results indicate that there is a sublimate formed in a short
period of time inside the funnel. The vapor pressure and
temperature contributed in the process of purifying solids, hence,
the sublimation process is effective in separating mixtures and
compounds though it mostly does not work on sands and salts on
relative temperature.
● Has the purification of the organic compound been attained?
- Yes, the organic compound has been purified through sublimation
as shown in the experimentation. It is possible because the
compound was able to become vapor from being a solid substance
without passing through the liquid phase.

VI. Conclusions/Generalizations
There are various ways to purify organic compounds, however, sublimation is the
preferred method to use when purifying a volatile organic compound that has been contaminated
with non-volatile impurities. In this experimentation, as the temperature increased at a certain
point, the mixture was then heated and turned organic compounds into vapor and therefore
turned the naphthalene into a sublimate and the sodium sulfate became the residue in this
experiment. The relationship of temperature and vapor pressure is clearly evident in this
experimentation. This type of process is used for various chemical purposes. Though there are
certain solids that are capable of sublimation, it is an excellent way to purify because it consumes
less time and transferring methods compared to other purification methods.

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