SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT

ON

“INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) IN TRANSPORTATION”

At
SUBMITTED TO
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY
IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

SUBMITTED BY

MR. SUJIT BHIKAJI BHALEKAR

PRN REG NO: - 2052009725

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF-NISAR SHAIKH

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To express my deep sense of gratitude to my esteemed teacher, mentor and

research guide prof. Nisar Shaikh for his constant inspiration with keen interest and
ever vigilant guidance without which this work could not have been achieved. I
appreciate the freedom he allowed, which permitted me to develop thoughts and
skills independently.

I also show my sincere gratitude towards the Principal Dr. Tanaji Dabade sir and Prof.
Ganesh Badade sir, for the continuous encouragement in the project.

Lastly, I would like to thank one and all who helped me directly or indirectly during
this wonderful and lots of experience gaining journey.

Bhalekar Sujit Bhikaji

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 Declaration

I hereby declare that the project report entitled “INTERNET OF

THINGS (IOT) IN TRANSPORTATION” submitted by me to in partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
Masters of Business Administration (MBA) is a record of bonafide
work carried out by me under the guidance of. I further declare
that the work reported in this project has not been submitted and
will not be submitted, either in part or in full, for the award of any
other degree or diploma in the institute or any other institute or
university.

Date: Sign of Candidate

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1) Introduction to IoT in Transportation

In this article, we will learn about IoT in Transportation. Society has adopted and
widely applied the idea of smart transportation. At the same time, smart
transportation problems are emerging, and the Internet of Things is providing a new
direction for its development. IoT-based transport systems have realized the dream
of a smart city administration system using powerful and advanced communication
technologies. In this article, we will focus on the IoT system for smart transportation
and technologies that play a key role in the smart transport management system.
We will further look at the significance of IoT in the transportation sector and
highlight multiple applications where IoT architecture can be deployed.

Technology-enabled by the Internet of Things is changing the way that the

transportation industry operates. Regulatory compliance, logistics, supply chains,
and customer experience are all included. In this area of development, one of the
most significant advancements has come from improved data collection and
analysis in terms of traffic flow and predictive analytics for detecting malfunctions
before they occur. The industry is already being disrupted by data-driven insights,
and you can expect them to continue doing so. Globally, the transportation sector
contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The adoption of IoT solutions
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could help reduce these emissions by improving the efficiency of vehicles. Remote
diagnostics, for example, can be used to conduct maintenance before an engine
failure or another mechanical issue occurs. The way transportation is currently being
handled must be changed or else it will change on its own due to a lack of
preparedness on the part of those managing transportation. The use of IoT-enabled
technology in transportation can help solve these problems, as well as many others
that face today's corporations who use this type of data collection. We need to
come up with innovative solutions for all sectors within our industry if we want a
chance to succeed in addressing these challenges. If used correctly, the Internet of
Things can improve various aspects of logistics. It captures more information than
traditional approaches like paper-based systems can, thereby reducing costs by
eliminating some manual labour.

2) Role of IoT in Transportation

The transport sector plays a crucial role in the development process. Transportation
needs depend on many factors such as goods availability, movement of travelers,
logistics, etc. Transportation, therefore, becomes an important and integral part of
connecting consumers to the supply chain team by logistics.

IoT integration helps in creating a centrally controlled network which can optimize
the distance covered by the vehicle, find better and safe routes in case of a critical
situation, efficiently manage and maintain the goods, material and purchase orders
and overall gives a positive impact on the revenue generated by the transportation
sector.

Public Transportation is one of the sectors that is quickly implementing IoT

technologies that can benefit most from operational efficiency improvements, cost-
effectiveness, safety, and security. There are also limited challenges in the
automotive industry and some excellent technologies to benefit the transport
market. When cities integrate wireless technology into traffic management and
emergency response, the effect of IoT on transportation efficiency is projected to be
immense.

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3) The Intelligent Transportation system will benefit four major segments:
a) Travelers Segment: People who will be benefited from the services provided
by the Intelligent Transportation system.
b) Automobile Segment: IoT will have a huge impact on the vehicles and will
change the way how one interacts with the vehicle.
c) Infrastructure Segment: Traffic management utilities such as traffic lights,
cameras embedded with IoT will result in the smart management system.
d) Core Centers: The data generated from the automobiles and infrastructure
will be analysed and communicated between different segments.

4) Applications of IoT in Transportation

In the transportation and logistics business, the internet of things has numerous
opportunities. Vehicles can be tracked for their speed, position, whether they are
running or stopped, or at any danger, etc., using IoT. In most situations, trucks are
used for the purpose of transportation or to carry heavy loads. Measuring the truck’s
interior conditions such as humidity, temperature, and the light condition is very
critical during these periods. Using an IoT transport company can configure the
payment service at the tolls or any parking tickets. IoT also allows vehicle guidance
and navigation control systems (road, air, water transport) monitoring and
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controlling transport is highly possible with the use of IoT. Let’s look at the different
applications of IoT in transportation.

a) Transport Management System

Public Transport provides many advantages to city-wide travellers. But it was always
a challenge to track the vehicle’s real-time location and to know when the vehicle
will arrive at a stop. Such problems were eradicated by Industrial IoT in Transportation
and provided the Public Transporters real-time tracking solution. For further study and
analysis, the data collected from different sensors is sent to a central network. The
Internet of Things has gone away from all the challenges faced by the Public Transit
network and has made it possible to re-route services by helping people make
alternative arrangements.

b) Transportation Monitoring System

If the transportation company gets the vehicle’s real-time facts and figures, they can
make the most of the business benefits. IoT has steadily and slowly transformed the
transport sector and the management of the fleet. The introduced technology
improved the cost of maintenance, operating and fuel expenditure, and immediate
response to incidents in real-time.

Implementing smart decisions has now become a must with real-time tracking. The
Automated Fleet management system links vehicles and tracks the driver’s actions
and behaviour. This helps to know exactly where vehicles and drivers are and to
identify any issue and take necessary precautions.

c) Asset Management and Remote Area Surveillance

The biggest challenge with assets that are being used in IoT is monitoring them
remotely. Businesses go through a lot of difficulties to find the right assets and figuring
how they can be used efficiently. IoT systems gather applicable information from the
assets and carry out an insightful analysis of it.

Biz4Intellia, an end-to-end IoT software provider, helps you to monitor your fleet’s
real-time information such as loading weight on the truck, etc. In addition, the
“Biz4Intellia IoT solution” can also be used to learn the latitude and longitude of the
asset. The advanced analytics feature gives more information regarding
geofencing, Propensity reading, and much more.

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d) Inventory Management System

Smart Inventory Management serves as a stimulant for real-time information across

the supply, processing and storage hub, thus decreasing inventory management
costs. Such supply chains will combine large amounts of data to gain ways to create
an integrated framework for inventory management.

Smart inventory management is based on supporting analytics. It has been known

from recent studies that the potential contributions of IoT to Logistics, Inventory
Management, and Supply Chain Management could range from $570B to $800B
per year by 2025. The warehousing operations are accelerated by real-time
inventory tracking with the help of IoT. Further, the sensors are used to gather
accurate Inventory conditions.

e) Information and Entertainment in Automobiles

Wi-Fi-based applications have allowed vehicles to have entertainment and

telematics functionality. By using automotive telematics, a car owner can have an
eye on his vehicle even from a remote location. By means of a smartphone-enabled
dashboard, car owners can always be assured of their safety. External sensors and
cameras track the condition of the vehicles and send the data to the user on a
mobile app.

If a car is about to be hijacked the owner receives an alert on the phone and GPS
device enables the car to be tracked and traced from a remote location.
Accessibility to the voice-command-based application permits a person to play
their favourite music, watch a video, or listen to calls with just voice commands.

In order to meet the new challenges and stay afloat, the transportation industry
strives to embrace logistics innovations that provide

more visibility across transportation processes,

measurement of operational performances,

reduction of downtime,

decrease operating costs,

and optimization of road traffic.

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IoT, with its ability to connect devices, is the right key for the effective transformation
of logistics processes.

Internet of Things in Transportation ranks high among all logistics tech trends,
according to Gartner.

“We are seeing more supply chain practitioners exploring the potential of IoT,” says
Christian Titze, research vice president at Gartner. “Areas that IoT might have a
profound impact on are enhanced logistics management, improved customer
service, and improved supply availability.”

Internet of Things (IoT), which we already discussed in our previous article, primarily
refers to the network of interrelated computing objects, devices, and sensors that
interact and exchange huge sets of data over the internet.

Technology is about the creation, interaction, aggregation, and analysis, of data

acquired from real-world objects with the help of sensors. Therefore, the value
created by the IoT is governed by the flow of information through a system.

IoT technology enhances and innovates the logistics domain, be it inventory

tracking, environment sensing, fleet management or route optimization

According to the Boston Consulting Group cited by Deloitte, “companies will be

spending around 310 billion USD a year on the Internet of Things, with much of this
spent in the manufacturing, energy and transportation industries.

5) Applications and Use Cases of Internet of Things in Transportation

As in its very nature, the logistics and transportation industry is about delivering goods
from one point to another, its services can be split into two major groups – the
«supply» and «demand», with IoT technology finding its use in both of them.

The supply category refers to warehouses, where goods are stored and forwarded,
the transport network, and the vehicles/crafts that are used for goods delivery from
suppliers to warehouses or directly to customers.

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6) IoT Applications

Here are the 3 most common and most cost-effective use cases in logistics:

a) Location management
b) Inventory or asset tracking
c) Route optimization
d) IoT-Powered Location Management

A major benefit of the Internet of Things in Transportation is the enhancement of

overall visibility of goods movement. A transport, be it a motor vehicle, ship, or train
wagon, is embedded with sensors that send real-time data about the transportation
process to the main network system. Thus, an IoT system can track the location of
shipments down to the individual units and alert the users in case of unexpected
events, like a jam on the road, or the location or status of the vehicle used for
transportation.

According to a Cisco study, 26% of companies surveyed say they have achieved
success with their IoT initiatives.

IoT Applications and Use Cases of Logistics Supply

Here are the 3 most common and most cost-effective use cases in logistics:

 Location management

 Inventory or asset tracking

 Route optimization

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a) IoT-Powered Location Management

A major benefit of the Internet of Things in Transportation is the enhancement of

overall visibility of goods movement. A transport, be it a motor vehicle, ship, or train
wagon, is embedded with sensors that send real-time data about the transportation
process to the main network system.

Thus, an IoT system can track the location of shipments down to the individual units
and alert the users in case of unexpected events, like a jam on the road, or the
location or status of the vehicle used for transportation.

b) IoT Location Management: Case Study

Softengi has developed an IoT-powered system for a logistics company that

specializes in rail transportation. The system provides remote tracking of the location
of the transported goods in rail wagons that are equipped with IoT sensors sharing
the data with the IoT platform. The same platform is also capable of monitoring
traffic units by providing information on how much fuel the vehicle consumes,
whether it has exceeded the speed limit, and even controlling the tire pressure.

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c) IoT Inventory/Asset Tracking

IoT-driven inventory/assets management is the most widespread application of the

Internet of Things in Transportation and Logistics. This application allows to track
inventory assets remotely, monitor their status, and learn about all the changes
timely. Additionally, embedded in a vehicle fill level sensors help to avoid transport
underload and overload.

d) IoT Inventory Management: Case Study

DHL is actively using logistics tech innovations and implements an IoT transportation
application in its business operations. Among various IoT-powered solutions used by
DHL is IoT Inventory Management. The IoT system tracks entire containers movement,
monitoring container location and the carried goods condition. Additionally, sensors
on goods items transmit data on location, condition (e.g. temperature), enabling
visibility into inventory levels and enhancing the whole inventory management.

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e) IoT Route Optimization

By providing real-time monitoring of companies’ daily operations and taking into

account such factors for example as varying restrictions, policies, and drivers’
experience, IoT logistics systems allow optimizing traffic routes.

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7) IoT Route Optimization: Case Study

UPS widely uses IoT technology for its logistics business in its operations. IoT Route
Optimization one of the most efficiently used applications. UPS embraces IoT
analytical system to improve its trucking routes. By tracking its vehicles, packages,
driver patterns, UPS has saved more than $4oo million a year, claims Cisco.

“If we are detail-oriented, we save one mile per driver per day. In the course of a
year, all drivers in the U.S. can save UPS $50 million”, says Juan Perez, a chief
information and engineering officer at UPS.

8) IoT Location Management: Case Study

Softengi has developed an IoT-powered system for a logistics company that

specializes in rail transportation. The system provides remote tracking of the location
of the transported goods in rail wagons that are equipped with IoT sensors sharing
the data with the IoT platform. The same platform is also capable of monitoring
traffic units by providing information on how much fuel the vehicle consumes,
whether it has exceeded the speed limit, and even controlling the tire pressure.

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 “We are seeing more supply chain practitioners exploring the potential of IoT,”
says Christian Titze, research vice president at Gartner. “Areas that IoT might have a
profound impact on are enhanced logistics management, improved customer
service, and improved supply availability.”

Internet of Things (IoT), which we already discussed in our previous article, primarily
refers to the network of interrelated computing objects, devices, and sensors that
interact and exchange huge sets of data over the internet.

Technology is about the creation, interaction, aggregation, and analysis, of data

acquired from real-world objects with the help of sensors. Therefore, the value
created by the IoT is governed by the flow of information through a system.

9) IoT in Transportation: How IoT is Changing the Way That the Transportation Sector
Operates

Over the years, the transportation industry has undergone many changes.
Throughout history, we have experimented with numerous ways to make

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 transportation faster and more efficient. It includes horse and carriage, airplanes,
trains, ships, and, now, self-driving cars. There is another opportunity for change with
the arrival of the Internet of Things in this sector. We will take a look at how the IoT is
changing the transportation industry in this post.

10) First things first: what is IoT?

IoT is an acronym for the Internet of Things. IoT is a concept in which devices are
interconnected so that they measure their environment and transmit data back to
the Internet. The way goods move around in our cities and how people travel in cars
is changing because of this. Technologies such as IoT are reshaping transportation
operations. This new technology has a profound impact on how we travel, but
especially in urban areas, where parking can be hard to come by and traffic
congestion is a major issue. As we'll point out later, this also impacts logistics related
to transportation. In other words, it is inevitable that it will revolutionize transportation
(it does so already).

11) Transportation challenges in 21th century

a) Shortage of truck drivers

Many of the drivers leave the job after just a few years due to the demanding nature
of this position, so there are not enough people to meet the demand for a longer
period of time. By using IoT, it is possible to automate and optimize the workload,
which will lead to a reduction in turnover.

b) Fleet size

There can be a lack of a fleet or sporadic operations. Moreover, the use of vehicles
should be maximized when they're on duty, or when they're called upon based on
forecast demands. Increasing the efficiency of this area is also possible with the help
of IoT. By deciding which vehicles are to be dispatched, and when, the system is
able to avoid overburdening.

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c) Unpredictable yet still growing freight
Some manufacturers and retailers are late delivering their goods, meaning that
shippers may be left scrambling. Transport providers need a way to move freight to
meet changing demands in the coming years, as freight volumes will grow
dramatically. While logistics are challenging to manage and plan, the IoT offers
greater accuracy in forecasting freight movement. By leveraging IoT technology,
logistics management processes can be optimized by optimizing pricing models
based on actual demand forecasts and improving inventory management with
better visibility into the freight volumes and trends over time, not just day-to-day
fluctuations. In addition to predicting the movement of freight, real-time information
from sensors could lead to real-time optimization decisions regarding routing by
combining traditional data sources with real-time sensor data.

12) How is IoT improving transportation?

Technology-enabled by the Internet of Things is changing the way that the
transportation industry operates. Regulatory compliance, logistics, supply chains,
and customer experience are all included. In this area of development, one of the
most significant advancements has come from improved data collection and
analysis in terms of traffic flow and predictive analytics for detecting malfunctions
before they occur. The industry is already being disrupted by data-driven insights,
and you can expect them to continue doing so. Globally, the transportation sector
contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The adoption of IoT solutions
could help reduce these emissions by improving the efficiency of vehicles. Remote
diagnostics, for example, can be used to conduct maintenance before an engine
failure or another mechanical issue occurs. The way transportation is currently being
handled must be changed or else it will change on its own due to a lack of
preparedness on the part of those managing transportation. The use of IoT-enabled
technology in transportation can help solve these problems, as well as many others
that face today's corporations who use this type of data collection. We need to
come up with innovative solutions for all sectors within our industry if we want a
chance to succeed in addressing these challenges. If used correctly, the Internet of
Things can improve various aspects of logistics. It captures more information than
traditional approaches like paper-based systems can, thereby reducing costs by
eliminating some manual labour.

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13) IoT in transportation: use cases
a) Effective fleet management
Effective fleet management can be accomplished with the use of IoT for the
monitoring of vehicles in real-time using sensors and other devices. Using real-time
vehicle location tracking, the Internet of Things increases efficiency, reduces costs,
and improves customer service. GPS data can be integrated with an automated
dispatch system to route vehicles to specific locations based on their availability if
they aren't in use. There are also other aspects to it. During times of peak demand,
IoT technology allows companies to monitor their vehicles to save fuel, and the
reduction in fuel consumption grows with the company's scale.
b) Vehicle diagnostics and maintenance
Using IoT, companies can identify potential problems before they become
expensive ones, such as idling excessively or hard braking. Additionally, they can
increase fuel economy through more efficient routes, better driving behaviour, and
scheduling optimization. It is also important to discuss a lower total cost of ownership
(TCO) by reducing breakdowns due to road conditions, flat tires, dead batteries, or
accident-related damage. Instead of waiting until there is a problem, technology-
enabled by IoT allows proactive maintenance, which means getting into places and
replacing parts before problems arise.
c) Driver safety compliance
A tracking system based on IoT may be introduced that will allow you to locate the
vehicle no matter where it is, at all times. A driver's behaviour can also be monitored
using this system, such as speeding and harsh braking. Additionally, some of the
systems can also monitor potential danger zones in front of them (i.e., blind spots) in
order to detect such situations before they occur. IoT-enabled technology can offer
real-time alerts when certain drivers or vehicles on the road exhibit certain
behaviour’s, making the road a safer place for safety-conscious drivers and other
motorists. Additionally, workers' safety can be improved through greater accuracy in
reporting hours worked via IoT sensor data gathered while driving. Through
increased documentation tracking capabilities, such as logging daily or monthly
miles driven, you can ensure regulatory compliance. Also, heavy vehicle data may
be useful in reducing driver fatigue and creating more efficient routes.
d) Existing transportation infrastructure
IoT can provide real-time information about bus location, departure times, delays,
and other last-minute notifications to passengers by monitoring the performance of

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buses. Similarly, bus drivers are alerted when they break speed limits in order to
adjust their schedules and speeds. On highways and roads, traffic lights are
commonly monitored or controlled remotely using information from connected
vehicles. For instance, traffic volume data collected by dedicated short-range
communications systems (DSRC) can be used to control traffic lights. Networks of
DSRC devices installed along roadways are used to monitor congestion levels, which
are used to inform light pattern changes at major intersections or thoroughfares.
Furthermore, connected vehicle technology lets drivers know when it is necessary to
refuel. This way they can avoid adding unnecessary delays to their journeys. As
another emerging technique, sensor fusion uses various types of data such as traffic
sensors, GPS systems, and IoT to process information in real-time.
14) Future of transportation through IoT
As a result of IoT-enabled technology, the transportation sector is changing
intensively. Some challenges are foreseeable, but others will only become apparent
as we go forward. Nonetheless, each needs a solution. Vehicle, transportation
infrastructure, and freight performance will be monitored via IoT-enabled systems. By
analysing transport routes and anticipating disruptions, enterprises reduce costs and
plan ahead for the future. The future of connected vehicles looks bright thanks to
innovations that may lead to driverless cars and trains without conductors. In cities,
there are already programs designed to make roads safer by integrating data from
various sources. This data includes the location of cars, weather conditions,
pedestrian traffic, and so on to predict crashes before they occur. We are watching
the revolution unfold. If you want to know how the Internet of Things is transforming
logistics,

15) Final Words…

The application of digital initiatives plays an important role in the highly competitive
logistics and transport industry. Internet of Things technology improves efficiency and
transparency over the whole transportation cycle, keeping the operations running
smoothly and seamlessly. Advanced fleet management, inventory tracking,
environmental monitoring, as well as threat prevention are the most efficient IoT
solutions in Logistics Tech. Moreover, today, the logistics industry experiences a
widespread trend towards the urbanization of transportation services. «Uber for
Heavy Equipment” allows to easily arrange transportation of heavy machinery and,
with an IoT system, track transportation cycles in real-time.

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