Scribd
Upload
136 views4 pages

NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water

The document discusses various types of pollution including water pollution from industrial waste, sewage waste, and agricultural chemicals. It also discusses ways individuals can help reduce air pollution such as using public transport, properly disposing of garbage, and replacing vehicle fuels. While clear water may appear clean, it can still contain microorganisms or dissolved impurities, so it is best to purify water before drinking.

Uploaded by

deena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
136 views4 pages

NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water

The document discusses various types of pollution including water pollution from industrial waste, sewage waste, and agricultural chemicals. It also discusses ways individuals can help reduce air pollution such as using public transport, properly disposing of garbage, and replacing vehicle fuels. While clear water may appear clean, it can still contain microorganisms or dissolved impurities, so it is best to purify water before drinking.

Uploaded by

deena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Pollution of Air and Water

Exercise Questions
1. What are the different ways in which water gets contaminated ?
The different ways in which the water gets contaminated are listed below:
i) Industrial waste: The harmful chemical wastes get released by the industries into
water sources.
ii) Sewage waste: Kitchen, laundry, and toilets release waste materials, and this
pollutes water.
iii) Agricultural chemicals: Excessive amounts of pesticides and fertilizers are
used by farmers to enhance crop production.
Rains and floods carry these harmful chemicals to water bodies, which results in
water pollution.
2. At an individual level, how can you help reduce air pollution?
We can take the following steps to reduce air pollution:
i) We should avoid using personal cars and opt for public transport as much as
possible.
ii) We should properly dispose of the garbage and not burn it.
iii) For shorter distances, avoid vehicles.
iv) We should control the number of emissions from household chimneys and
vehicles.
v) We should replace our vehicle fuel, diesel and petrol with LPG and CNG.
3. Clear, transparent water is always fit for drinking. Comment.
No because water might appear clean, but it may contain some disease-causing
micro-organisms and several other dissolved impurities.
we advise purifying the water by boiling it or by any purifying system before drinking
it.

4. You are a member of the municipal body of your town. Make a list of
measures that would help your town to ensure the supply of clean water to all
its residents.
Soln:
The following are the measures
a) We clean the area around the water pipes.
b) The main water source has to be built in a clean surroundings and should be
maintained properly.
c) Chemical methods such as chlorination must be used for purifying water.
5. Explain the differences between pure air and polluted air.
Soln:

6. Explain circumstances leading to acid rain. How does acid rain affect us?
Soln:
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are the type of pollutants which are released
into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels like diesel and coal.
These pollutants react with the water vapours present in the atmosphere to form
nitric acid and sulphuric acid, respectively.
By precipitation, these acids come down and form acid rain.
Effects caused by acid rain:
a) It destroys the crops.
b) Harmful for buildings, especially those made of white marble like the Taj Mahal.
7. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Sulphur dioxide
(c) Methane
(d) Nitrogen
Soln:
The answer is (d) Nitrogen
8. Describe the ‘Green House Effect’ in your own words.
Soln:
The greenhouse effect is the cause of global warming,
i.e., overall increase in the temperature of the Earth.
The greenhouse gases cause the greenhouse effect. Examples of greenhouses
gases include methane, CO2 and water vapour.
Greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere trap these radiations and do not allow
the heat to leave.
This helps our planet in keeping warm and thus helps in human survival.
However, increase in the level of greenhouse gases can lead to an excessive
increase in the Earth’s temperature leading to global warming.
9. Prepare a brief speech on global warming. You have to deliver the speech in
your class.
Soln:
The increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s surface is known as global
warming.
It occurs due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
The greenhouse gases include methane, CO2, and water vapour.
These gases trap the solar radiation released back by the earth,
an increase in these gases can lead to an increase in the earth’s temperature
resulting in global warming.
10. Describe the threat to the beauty of the Taj Mahal.
Soln:
The major threat to the Taj Mahal is acid rain.
When the acid rain falls on the Taj, they react with marble to form a powder-like
substance which is then washed away by the rain.
This phenomenon is known as marble cancer.
the soot particles emitted from the Mathura oil refinery located near Agra are leading
to the yellowing of the Taj Mahal marble.
11. Why does the increased level of nutrients in the water affect the survival of
aquatic organisms?
Soln:
An increase in the level of nutrients in the water body leads to an excessive increase
in the population of algae in the water body.
When these algae die, they serve as food for decomposers.
A lot of oxygen is utilized in this process, consequently leading to a decrease in the
level of oxygen dissolved in the water body.
This, in turn, causes fish and aquatic organisms to die.

You might also like