Cartilla Unidades 1 y 2 Inglés 3

MÓDULO 3 – INGLÉS NIVEL PROFESIONAL
GUÍA DE ESTUDIO
UNIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS DE SANTANDER

DEPARTAMENTO DE IDIOMAS
DICIEMBRE
2022
CONTENT
UNIT 1. HAVE YOU EVER TRAVELED ABROAD? ........................................................... 3
Present Perfect ............................................................................................................... 3
Affirmative Form .......................................................................................................... 3
Negative form .............................................................................................................. 4
Interrogative Form ....................................................................................................... 4
Uses of the present perfect ............................................................................................. 5
A result in the present ................................................................................................. 5
To Express Experiences.............................................................................................. 5
To Express Repetition ................................................................................................. 6
Unfinished activities ..................................................................................................... 7
UNIT 2. PRESENT PERFECT AND TIME EXPRESSIONS ............................................... 8
Just ................................................................................................................................. 8
Already ........................................................................................................................... 8
Yet .................................................................................................................................. 9
For ................................................................................................................................ 10
Since ............................................................................................................................. 10
Ever .............................................................................................................................. 11
Other time expressions ................................................................................................. 12
References ....................................................................................................................... 14
UNIT 1. HAVE YOU EVER TRAVELED ABROAD?
In this unit we will talk about present perfect tense and the different structures in
affirmative, negative and interrogative statements you can use to express experiences and
actions in the past that have a relevance in the present.
Normally, the present perfect is used to refer to actions that started in the past and
continue or have a visible result in the present.
Although it is called present perfect, it is not a tense about the present but the past.
• I have bought many souvenirs for my family.
• He has visited Bogota many times.

Present Perfect
Affirmative Form
Subject Auxiliary Verb in past Examples

participle
I I have been to Bogota three times.
Have / ‘ve
You You have been to Bogota three times.
He He has been to Bogota three times.
been/rained
She Has / ‘s She has been to Bogota three times.
It It has rained since the morning.
They Have / ‘ve They have been to Bogota three times.
We We have been to Bogota three times.
Negative form
Subject Auxiliary in negative Verb in past Examples

participle
I I haven’t been to Bogota before.
Have not / haven’t
You You haven’t been to Bogota before.
He He has been to Bogota before.
She Has not / hasn’t She has been to Bogota before.
been/rained
It It hasn’t rained for a long time.
They haven’t been to Bogota three
They
Have not / haven’t times.
We We haven’t been to Bogota before.
Interrogative Form
Auxiliary Subject Verb in past Examples

participle
I Have I been to Bogota before?
Have
You Have you been to Bogota before?
He Has he been to Bogota before?
Has She been/rained Has she been to Bogota before?
It Has it rained since the morning?
They Have they been to Bogota before?
Have
We Have they been to Bogota before?
Remember that in the case of regular verbs, the past participle is made by adding -
ed to the end of the verb, while for irregular verbs you have to look at the 3rd column of
the list of tenses.
Uses of the present perfect
A result in the present
To express an action that has been carried out at some point in the past that has a
result in the present. It is not important to know the precise moment when the action
occurred.
• She has tidied her room.
• The kids have broken the window.
• I’ve passed my exams.
To Express Experiences
We can use the present perfect to express experiences but we do not specify when
exactly they were carried out.
• I have swum with dolphins.
• She has eaten insects.
• We have been to Tokyo.
To Express Repetition
It refers to the same action that has taken place at different times in the past so that
it has happened more than once.
• They have seen that movie three times.

• She has visited her friend in Boston many times.
Unfinished activities
Actions that started at some specific point in the past and that continue in the
present.
• I have worked in this company for five years.
• She has played the piano since she was a kid.

UNIT 2. PRESENT PERFECT AND TIME EXPRESSIONS
With the present perfect it is usual to use some time expressions to give emphasis
and context to the information.
Just
It’s used when the action has just taken place and it’s completely finished. It is
mainly used in affirmative sentences and is placed between the auxiliary have and the
main verb.
• He has just washed his car.
• They have just finished dinner.
Already
It’s used when the action has taken place or has been performed previously at
some indeterminate time in the past. It is used in affirmative sentences and it is placed
between the verb have and the main verb. It can also be placed at the end of the
sentence.
• I have already visited that place.
• He has already finished his homework.
Yet
In questions yet is used to ask if an action has been done already or not. In
negative sentences yet is used to express that an action that should have happened in the
past has not taken place yet. It is placed at the end of the sentence.
• I haven’t visited the aquarium yet.

• Have you seen that action movie yet?
For
Indicates the duration of an action in the past. The action began at a specific
moment in the past and continues in the present.
• I have studied English for six months.
• She has been married to Jhon for ten years.
Since
It indicates when the action began and emphasizes the period of time between that
particular moment in the past and the present moment.
• She hasn’t called his friends since last week.
• I have saved some money since 2020.
Ever
It is generally used to ask about experiences and it is placed between the subject
and the main verb.
• Have you ever eaten sushi?
• Have you ever been to the Tahj Mahal?
You can also use ever in negative sentences to express something you have never
done before.
• I haven’t ever gone bungee jumping.
• He hasn’t ever drunk alcohol.
Other time expressions
Time expressions that express a specific moment in the past, like yesterday, on
Saturday, at 8:00, last year, are used with the past simple but not with the present perfect
unless we are referring to a period of time that has not finished yet. For example: today,
this year, this weekend…)
• I’ve received many presents today. I like my birthday.

• We have won all football matches this year.
References
Bender, William; N. Project-based learning: differentiating instruction for the 21st century
(2012); Corwin Company.
Igel, C; Urquhart, V. Generation Z, Meet Cooperative Learning (2012). Middle School

Journal, Vol. 43, No. 4
Johnson, D., Johnson, R. (1994). Learning together and alone, cooperative, competitive,
and individualistic learning. Needham Heights, MA: Prentice-Hall.
Prabhu, N. S. (1987). "Second Language Pedagogy". Oxford University Press. Retrieved

18 January 2013.
Roessingh, H.; Chambers, W. Project-based learning and pedagogy in teacher

Preparation: Staking out the theoretical mid-ground. Int. J. Teach. Learn. High.
Educ. 2011, 23, 60–71.

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MÓDULO 3 – INGLÉS NIVEL PROFESIONAL

UNIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS DE SANTANDER

• I have bought many souvenirs for my family.

• He has visited Bogota many times.

Subject Auxiliary Verb in past Examples

Subject Auxiliary in negative Verb in past Examples

Auxiliary Subject Verb in past Examples

• She has tidied her room.

• The kids have broken the window.

• I’ve passed my exams.

• She has eaten insects.

• We have been to Tokyo.

• They have seen that movie three times.

• I have worked in this company for five years.

• She has played the piano since she was a kid.

• He has just washed his car.

• They have just finished dinner.

• He has already finished his homework.

• I haven’t visited the aquarium yet.

• I have studied English for six months.

• She has been married to Jhon for ten years.

• I have saved some money since 2020.

• Have you ever eaten sushi?

• Have you ever been to the Tahj Mahal?

• He hasn’t ever drunk alcohol.

Other time expressions

• I’ve received many presents today. I like my birthday.

Igel, C; Urquhart, V. Generation Z, Meet Cooperative Learning (2012). Middle School

Prabhu, N. S. (1987). "Second Language Pedagogy". Oxford University Press. Retrieved

Roessingh, H.; Chambers, W. Project-based learning and pedagogy in teacher

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