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Lab Report 02 PH Group 01

This document outlines an experiment to measure the pH of water samples. The objective was to understand pH concepts and measurement using a pH meter. pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration on a scale of 0-14. A pH meter uses a glass electrode and reference electrode to compare a sample's potential to buffer standards and convert it to a pH reading. The experiment involved calibrating the meter with pH 4, 7, and 10 buffers and measuring tap water and distilled water. The tap water measured 6.85 pH and distilled water was 5.58 pH, slightly acidic due to absorbing carbon dioxide.

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Haniya Siddique
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59 views4 pages

Lab Report 02 PH Group 01

This document outlines an experiment to measure the pH of water samples. The objective was to understand pH concepts and measurement using a pH meter. pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration on a scale of 0-14. A pH meter uses a glass electrode and reference electrode to compare a sample's potential to buffer standards and convert it to a pH reading. The experiment involved calibrating the meter with pH 4, 7, and 10 buffers and measuring tap water and distilled water. The tap water measured 6.85 pH and distilled water was 5.58 pH, slightly acidic due to absorbing carbon dioxide.

Uploaded by

Haniya Siddique
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES &

TECHNOLOGY, ISLAMABAD

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE &


ENGINEERING (IESE)

6th Semester
UG-13
BE.Env.Eng 2020

Name: Haniya Zainab Siddique


Registration. No: 334219

National University of Sciences &Technology (NUST)


School of Civil & Environmental Engineering (SCEE)
Institute of Environmental Sciences & Engineering (IESE)
1
Table of Contents

Objective:..................................................................................................................................3
Theory........................................................................................................................................3
Principle:...................................................................................................................................3
Environmental Significance.....................................................................................................3
Apparatus and Chemicals........................................................................................................4
Procedure:.................................................................................................................................4
Precautions................................................................................................................................4
Readings and Calculations.......................................................................................................4
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................5
References..................................................................................................................................5

2
Measurement of pH of a water sample

Objective:

The main objective of this experiment is to understand the basic concepts associated with pH
and its measurement. To learn how to properly measure the pH of a sample solution and get a
basic introduction to a pH meter.

Theory:
The measure of a substance's acidity or basicity, known as pH, is quantitative. The official
definition of pH is the concentration of effective hydrogen ions expressed as the negative
logarithm of their number, where pH = -log[H+]. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 0
being a strongly acidic solution and 14 being a highly basic sample. A neutral material or
sample has a pH of 7. The temperature has an impact on a sample's pH; in other words, pH
declines as the temperature rises. The recommended pH range for safe drinking water is
between 6.5 and 8.5. pH is a significant element in tests to determine the quality of water.

Principle:
The pH electrode, which consists of a glass probe and two half cells termed the Reference Half
Cell and Sensor Half Cell is employed. Because of its constant potential, which is unaffected
by the sample solution being measured's temperature, the reference cell serves as a standard. A
thin, semi-permeable membrane known as the sensing cell is pH-sensitive. Using a glass
probe, the pH meter analyses the electric potential created by the sample and compares it to the
potential graph created by the buffer standards, which are pH = 4, 7, and 10. Via the potential
graph, this electric potential is then projected into a pH reading. The potential graph formed
using the standards contains a pH scale along the x-axis and electric potential along the y-axis.

Environmental Significance:

 Chemical reactions in nature are highly affected by their pH levels.


 Highly important in measuring safe water conditions.
 pH also affects the treatment processes of fresh and wastewater.
 pH levels can also control biological activity, and availability of nutrients, and also alter
the behavior of chemicals, etc.
 Favorable pH condition is necessary while dewatering sludge and oxidation of cyanides
etc.

3
Apparatus and Chemicals:

 pH Meter
 pH glass electrode
 Sample solutions
 Buffer Standards for calibration
 Beaker
 Wash Bottle

Procedure:

 Turn on the pH meter using the power button.


 Pick up the pH electrode and remove its cap.
 Now calibrate the pH meter using different buffer solutions of pH = 4,7 and 10.
 Wash the electrode with a wash bottle before dipping it in different buffer solutions and
after.
 Dip the electrode into the sample solution.
 Record the reading displayed by the meter.
 Wash the electrode with a wash bottle and continue measuring.

Readings and Calculations:

Sample No. pH

Tape Water 6.85

Distilled Water 5.58

Conclusion:
The purpose of this lab was to familiarize the students with basic concepts related to the pH
of a substance or solution, the basic lab setup to measure the pH of a sample, and the
workings and principles related to the measurement of pH. In our case, the pH of Tape Water
obtained from the lab was recorded to be 7.10 which was in the neutral range. Whereas the
pH of Distilled Water was 6.65 instead of 7 because it absorbed carbon dioxide from the air
making it slightly acidic. Inaccuracies in the measurements can arise if the precautions are not
properly followed.

References:

 https://www.pharmaguideline.com/2015/08/principle-and-working-of-pH-probes.html
 https://www.grainger.com/know-how/equipment-information/kh-ph-electrode-
types-uses

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