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MySQL What Is DDL, DML and DCL

The document discusses the different types of SQL commands - DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL. DDL deals with database schemas and definitions. DML deals with data manipulation like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. DCL controls database privileges and permissions using commands like GRANT and REVOKE. TCL controls transactions using commands like COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT.

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136 views6 pages

MySQL What Is DDL, DML and DCL

The document discusses the different types of SQL commands - DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL. DDL deals with database schemas and definitions. DML deals with data manipulation like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE. DCL controls database privileges and permissions using commands like GRANT and REVOKE. TCL controls transactions using commands like COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT.

Uploaded by

yashada bane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MySQL What is DDL, DML and DCL?

SQL commands are divided into four subgroups, DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL.

Figure - SQL Commands:


DDL
DDL is short name of Data Definition Language, which deals with database schemas and
descriptions, of how the data should reside in the database.
● CREATE - to create a database and its objects like (table, index, views, store procedure,
function, and triggers)
● ALTER - alters the structure of the existing database
● DROP - delete objects from the database
● TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records
are removed
● COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
● RENAME - rename an object

DML
DML is short name of Data Manipulation Language which deals with data manipulation and
includes most common SQL statements such SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, etc., and it is
used to store, modify, retrieve, delete and update data in a database.

● SELECT - retrieve data from a database


● INSERT - insert data into a table
● UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
● DELETE - Delete all records from a database table
● MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update)
● CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
● EXPLAIN PLAN - interpretation of the data access path
● LOCK TABLE - concurrency Control

DCL
DCL is short name of Data Control Language which includes commands such as GRANT and
mostly concerned with rights, permissions and other controls of the database system.

● GRANT - allow users access privileges to the database


● REVOKE - withdraw users access privileges given by using the GRANT command

TCL
TCL is short name of Transaction Control Language which deals with a transaction within a
database.

● COMMIT - commits a Transaction


● ROLLBACK - rollback a transaction in case of any error occurs
● SAVEPOINT - to rollback the transaction making points within groups
● SET TRANSACTION - specify characteristics of the transaction
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