Air Changes
Air Conditioning
Air flow
Balance
Capacity
Cleaning
Cooling
Cooling load
Dehumidification
Page 1
‘Aug, 04
DEFINITIONS - AIR
indicates the number of times that the air volume of a space is,
renewed per hour.
means that the air is cleaned, heated or cooled.
(quantity) is decided for each space based on:
a Conditions, summer or winter.
b. Number of people simultaneously using the room space.
c. Minimum air changes according to requirements from
authorities or owner or from experience.
The plant will be commissioned and adjusted so that the designed
capacities are maintained. If the adjustment is altered, there will be
unbalance with uneven temperatures as a result, Changes of the plant
should be made only in co-operation with ABB Automation Technologies.
of the plant is the sum of all air flows, Each spaces is calculated for
winter cycle and summer cycle. The maximum quantity for each
space is deciding. This maximum does not occur simultaneously for
all spaces, but the system must be dimensioned to cover the
maximum of each space, independent on other spaces. Heating and
cooling capacities are calculated for the lowest resp. the highest
condition specified.
of the air is made with filters of different grades, from simple filter
material to fine filters with an efficiency of 99%.
is made centrally. The air is cooled to the lowest temperature
required in any part of the accommodation, normally about 8 - 10°C
lower than the required room temperature.
is based on specified conditions and following transmission losses to
atmosphere, adjacent warmer spaces, sun radiation, heat from
persons, light, apparatus etc.
of the air takes place when cooling by partly condensation of the
moisture content of the air. The moisture, condensing on the cold fins
of the cooling coil, is drained off from the bottom tray. The amount
of condensate depends on the absolute moisture content of the air and
the cooling-down capacity.Energy Recovery
Heating
Heating load
Humidification
Recirculation
vav
Page 2
Aug, 04
is attained by means of an exchanger (i.e. rotor) where supply air and
‘exhaust air passes in opposite directions through the two halves of
the exchanger.
During winter conditions the outside air is heated by the exhaust air.
During the summer conditions the outside air is cooled by the
exhaust air, wherever the indoor temperature is lower than the
outside air temperature.
can be made in one or two steps. Heating in one step can be used for
spaces or system which only required a constant temperature of the
supply air.
‘Two-step-heating is split up in preheating and reheating.
Preheating will give a constant base temperature.
Reheating is an addition to preheating and varies due to the demand,
depending on system or local dispositions.
is calculated on specified outside and inside temperatures and
following transmission losses to atmosphere or to adjacent spaces.
All doors to weather decks (also from alley-ways) are meant to be
closed.
of the air is arranged by adding moisture (water or steam). It should
be limited only to avoid a too dry condition in the accommodation,
Addition of moisture is not to recommend when using retum air.
is used in order to reduce the cooling and heating load for the plant.
The mixture of return and outside air is decided from various limits.
Variable Air Volume is a system to optimize the capacity for each
and every load of a space
takes place when air is supplied into a space or is exhausted from the
same. The air supply can be untreated outside air or treated by
cleaning, recirculation, heating, humidification, cooling,
dehumidification,