Scribd
Upload
69 views16 pages

What Is GPS System

GPS uses 24 satellites that orbit Earth twice a day emitting signals. GPS receivers detect these signals and use trilateration to calculate the time delay of signals from at least 3 satellites to determine the user's precise latitude, longitude, and elevation. Factors like atmospheric conditions, satellite geometry, and obstructions can impact accuracy, but differential correction can enhance precision to within a few meters.

Uploaded by

12SCIA22SHRUTI SARVAIYA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
69 views16 pages

What Is GPS System

GPS uses 24 satellites that orbit Earth twice a day emitting signals. GPS receivers detect these signals and use trilateration to calculate the time delay of signals from at least 3 satellites to determine the user's precise latitude, longitude, and elevation. Factors like atmospheric conditions, satellite geometry, and obstructions can impact accuracy, but differential correction can enhance precision to within a few meters.

Uploaded by

12SCIA22SHRUTI SARVAIYA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

What is GPS?

GPS, which stands for Global Positioning


System, is the only system today able to
show you your exact position on the Earth
anytime, in any weather, anywhere.

The three parts of GPS are:


•Satellites
•Receivers
•Software
GPS Satellites

The GPS Operational


Constellation
consists of 24
satellites that orbit
the Earth in very
precise orbits twice a
day. GPS satellites
emit continuous
navigation signals.
Receivers and Satellites

GPS units are made


to communicate with
GPS satellites
(which have a much
better view of the
Earth) to find out
exactly where they
are on the global
scale of things.
GPS Signals
Each GPS satellite
transmits data that
indicates its location
and the current time.
All GPS satellites
synchronize
operations so that Physically the signal is
just a complicated
these repeating digital code, or in other
signals are words, a complicated
transmitted at the sequence of “on” and
same instant. “off” pulses.
Time Difference

The GPS receiver


compares the time a
signal was transmitted
by a satellite with the
time it was received.
The time difference
tells the GPS receiver
how far away the
satellite is.
Calculating Distance

Velocity x Time = Distance


Radio waves travel at the speed of light, roughly 186,000
miles per second (mps)

If it took 0.06 seconds to receive a signal


transmitted by a satellite floating directly
overhead, use this formula to find your distance
from the satellite.

186,000 mps x 0.06 seconds = 11,160 miles


3-D Trilateration
1 Satellite 2 Satellites

3 Satellites
Atomic Clocks
GPS satellites use Atomic Clocks
for accuracy, but because of the
expense, most GPS receivers do
not.
Line of Sight Transmissions
Line of sight is the
ability to draw a
straight line between
two objects without any
other objects getting in
the way. GPS
transmission are line-
of-sight transmissions.
Obstructions such as trees, buildings, or natural
formations may prevent clear line of sight.
Light Refraction
Sometimes the GPS
signal from the
satellite doesn’t
follow a straight line.

Refraction is the
bending of light as
it travels through
one media to
another.
Signal Refraction
Signals from satellites can be like light.
When they hit some interference (air patterns
in the atmosphere, uneven geography, etc.)
they sometimes bend a little.
Satellite Distribution
When the satellites are all in the same part
of the sky, readings will be less accurate.
PDOP
PDOP = Positional Dilution of Precision

All of this
combines to make
the signal less
11,000 miles

11,000 miles
11,000 miles

accurate, and
gives it what we 11,000 miles

call a high “PDOP.”


•A PDOP of <4 is excellent
•A PDOP of 4-8 is good
•A PDOP of >8 is poor
Differential Correction
Differential correction is
a technique that greatly
increases the accuracy
of the collected GPS
data. It involves using a
receiver at a known
location - the "base
station“- and comparing
that data with GPS
positions collected from
unknown locations with
"roving receivers."
ISU Base Station - http://134.50.65.125/
Postprocessing / Real-time
Before

After
In a Nutshell

You might also like