9

Mekanika Tanah II
Kuat Geser Tanah / shear strength of soil

© Himatul Farichah,ST.,M.Sc. 1
Class Outline
1.Pengenalan dan Definisi
2.Teori Mohr-Coulomb
3.Direct shear test
4.Unconfined compressive test
5.Pengertian Umum Uji Triaxial
6.Uji Triaxial CD
7.Uji Triaxial CU
8.Uji Triaxial UU

2
 Pengenalan
dan
Definisi

© Himatul Farichah,ST.,M.Sc. 3
Definisi
 The strength of a material is the greatest stress it
can sustain (kekuatan material adalah besarnya tegangan/stress yang
mampu ditahan)

Concrete / beton Steel / baja

Fc’= 250 kg/cm2 Fy’= 240 kg/cm2

4
Definisi
 The safety of any geotechnical structure is
dependent on the strength of the soil (keamanan dari
struktur geoteknik tergantung dari kekuatan tanah)

 If the soil fails, the structure founded on it can

collapse (jika tanah mengalami keruntuhan, maka struktur diatasnya
juga akan collapse/runtuh)

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University

5
Definisi

Failure due to inadequate

strength at shear interface
Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University

6
Definisi
Shear Failure in Soils
(kegagalan geser tanah)

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech

University
7
 Definisi
Bearing Capacity Failure

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech
University
8
 Definisi
Transcosna Grain Elevator Canada (Oct. 18, 1913)

West side of foundation sank 24-ft

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University

9
 Definisi
Significance of Shear Strength
 Engineers must understand the nature of
shearing resistance in order to analyze soil
stability problems such as;
 Bearing capacity
 Slope stability
 Lateral earth pressure on earth-retaining
structures
 Pavement

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University

10
Definisi

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University

Pict: Dr Kevin Franke

11
 Definisi
Significance of Shear Strength

12
Definisi

What is shear strength of soil?

(apa itu kuat geser tanah?)

13
Shear strength (kuat geser tanah)
Definisi
• Kuat geser tanah adalah kekuatan tanah
menahan gaya geser.
• Kuat geser tanah adalah perlawanan internal
tanah tersebut per satuan luas terhadap
keruntuhan atau pergeseran sepanjang bidang
geser dalam.

14
 Mohr
Coulomb

© Himatul Farichah,ST.,M.Sc. 17
 Mohr Coulomb Failure Criteria
Keruntuhan dalam suatu bahan / material dapat terjadi akibat
kombinasi kritis dari tegangan normal dan tegangan geser, dan
bukan salah satu dari tegangan normal maksimum atau tegangan
geser maksimum.
Hubungan antara kedua tegangan tersebut:

𝜏𝑓 = Shear stress at failure /

𝜏𝑓 = 𝑓(𝜎) tegangan geser ketika runtuh
𝜎 = Normal stress / tegangan normal
𝜏𝑓 = 𝑐 + 𝜎 tan 𝜙 C = Cohession / kohesi
𝜙 =Friction angle / sudut geser

Hubungan di atas disebut juga sebagai kriteria keruntuhan Mohr-Coulomb

18
 Mohr Coulomb

𝜏𝑓 = 𝑐 + 𝜎 tan 𝜙

 Parameter kuat geser tanah (Soil derives its shear strength from two sources):
Kohesi (c) / Cohession
Kohesi antar partikel / gaya tarik menarik antara dua atau lebih partikel tanah.

Sudut geser dalam (φ) / Internal friction angle

Sudut geser yang terbentuk saat pergeseran dua atau lebih partikel tanah
19
 Mohr Coulomb
Titik A : keruntuhan geser
tidak akan terjadi pada
bidang tersebut.

Titik B : (yang tepat berada

pada garis keruntuhan), maka
keruntuhan geser akan
terjadi pada bidang tersebut.

Kriteria keruntuhan Mohr-Coulomb, menyatakan bahwa Titik C : tidak mungkin

keruntuhan geser (keruntuhan akibat geser) akan terjadi terjadi karena bila titik
bila tegangan geser pada suatu bidang mencapai syarat tersebut tergambar di atas
batas.
garis keruntuhan, keruntuhan
geser pasti sudah terjadi
sebelumnya.
20
Mohr Coulomb

Kriteria keruntuhan Mohr-Coulomb, menyatakan :

bahwa keruntuhan geser (keruntuhan akibat geser) akan terjadi bila
tegangan geser pada suatu bidang mencapai syarat batas.

21
Mohr Coulomb

22
Mohr Coulomb
Determination of Shear Strength Parameters
• The shear strength parameters of a soil are determined in
the lab primarily with two types of tests;
• Direct Shear Test
• Triaxial Shear Test Normal stress σ n

1 Shear stress σ3
Soil

3

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech

23
University
 Definisi
General State of Stress (tegangan pada tanah secara umum)

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University

24
 Definisi
General State of Stress (tegangan pada tanah secara umum)

σ1 major principle stress

σ3 σ3
Minor principle stress
Confining stress

σ1

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University

25
 Definisi
State Stress of Soil (tegangan pada tanah)
Consider the following situation:
Normal stress σn
- A normal stress is applied vertically
and held constant
- A shear stress is then applied until
failure Shear
stress σ3 σ3

σ1

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University

26
 Direct
Shear Test
(Uji Geser
Langsung)
© Himatul Farichah,ST.,M.Sc. 27
Direct Shear Test

28
 Direct Shear Test
Standard Uji acuan: ASTM D3080-03 Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils
Under Consolidated Drained Conditions

29
Direct Shear Test

30
Direct Shear Test

31
Dilatacy Contraction
32
Direct Shear Test

33
Direct Shear Test

Civil Engineering - Texas Tech University

34
Direct Shear Test

35
Direct Shear Test

36
Direct Shear Test

37
Direct Shear Test

38
Direct Shear Test

39
 Unconfined
Compressive Test
(Uji Tekan Bebas)
© Himatul Farichah,ST.,M.Sc. 40
 Unconfined Compressive Test
ASTM D2166 - 06 Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive
Soil. ASTM D5102 - 09 Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime Mixtures

41
Unconfined Compressive Test

42
Unconfined Compressive Test

𝜎1 𝑞𝑢
𝜏𝑓 = = = 𝑐𝑢
2 2

43
44
Unconfined Compressive Test

45
Unconfined Compressive Test

46
Unconfined Compressive Test

47
Unconfined Compressive Test
0.72

7%

𝜎1 𝑞𝑢
𝜏𝑓 = = = 𝑐𝑢
2 2
𝜎1 = 𝑞𝑢 = 0.72 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑐𝑚2
𝜎1 𝑞𝑢 0.72
𝜏𝑓 = 𝑐𝑢 = = = 2 = 0.36 𝑘𝑔Τ𝑐𝑚2
2 2

48
Unconfined Compressive Test

49
Unconfined Compressive Test
Tabel . Konsistensi tanah (untuk tanah dominan lanau dan lempung)

Konsistensi tanah Taksiran harga Taksiran Taksiran harga tahanan

kekuatan geser harga SPT, conus, qc
undrained, Cu harga N (dari Sondir)
kPa ton/ m2 kg/cm2 kPa

Sangat lunak (very 0 – 12.5 0 – 1.25 0 – 2.5 0 – 10 0 – 1000

soft)
Lunak (soft) 12.5 – 25 1.25 – 2.5 2.5 – 5 10 – 20 1000–2000

Menengah 25 – 50 2.5 – 5. 5 – 10 20– 40 2000 –4000

(medium)
Kaku (stiff) 50 – 100 5.0 – 10. 10 – 20 40 –75 4000 – 7500

Sangat kaku (very 100 – 200 10. – 20. 20 – 40 75– 150 7500 – 15000
stiff)
Keras (hard) > 200 > 20. > 40 > 150 > 15000

Sumber : Mochtar (2006), revised (2012)

50
THIS IS THE END
OF THE SLIDE
Alhamdulillah

51
See you in the next lecture
You can download my lectures in the link below:
bit.ly/kelasfarichah
By: Himatul Farichah,ST.,M.Sc.
52