Policy & Governance Review, Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2017

Policy & Governance Review

Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2017 (26-36)
ISSN 2580-3395 (Print), 2580-4820 (Online)

Smart Environment Program, Smart Way to Smart City

Tutik Rachmawati1
Priska Diah Pertiwi2

Abstract
Bandung City Government is ranked the 3rd in smart city index in Indonesia only within 8 months
of smart city application. Considering this achievement, it is necessary to study this fast-tracking
success of smart city to enable a lesson learnt for other local governments. Hence, this research
aims at evaluating the best practices of smart environment program as one of smart city projects
and analyzing the positive transformation being brought. The analysis will be based on three
core activities in smart environment: (1) the creation of thematic parks as open public spaces; (2)
the restoration and the revitalization of rivers and its river banks; (3) urban gardening or urban
farming. Combined with the result of extensive of literature review, this research will apply
eight (8) aspects of smart environment. These aspects are (1) The Provision of Public Open Space;
(2) Good Waste Management; (3) Slum Areas Management; (4) The Revitalization of River; (5)
Eliminate “Chopsticks Syndrome” in Building Construction; (6) Alternative energy; (7) Reducing
the Production of CO2; (8) Urban Farming.
A qualitative research method were used in this research. The analysis of this research is a
comparative analysis, with the use of smart city best practices in other cities in other countries
as the benchmark. Seven local government work units/departments/agencies of Bandung City
which play important role as the leading sectors of the smart environment program were the
key resources of this research. The data were collected from 30 interviews. This research gave
its reader a new perspective in understanding the concept and the practices of smart city in the
public administration perspective.

Keywords:
innovation; smart city; smart environment program.

Abstrak
Pemerintah Kota Bandung menghasilkan prestasi yang luar biasa yaitu menduduki peringkat ke-3 dalam
indeks kota Cerdas Indonesia hanya dalam waktu delapan bulan sejak diterapkannya kota cerdas. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana praktik baik dalam bidang smart environment ‘lingkungan
cerdas’ sebagai salah satu program smart city pemerintah Kota Bandung tersebut dan melakukan analisa
perubahan positif apa saja yang dihasilkan dari program tersebut. Analisa dalam penelitian ini akan
didasarkan pada tiga aktivitas utama dalam ‘lingkungan cerdas’ yaitu (1) penciptaan taman tematik sebagai
ruang terbuka hijau; (2) restorasi dan revitalisasi sungai dan pinggiran sungai; (3) kebun kita atau taman
kota. Digabungkan dengan hasil dari studi pustaka, maka penelitian ini akan menggunakan 8 aspek sebagai
alat analisa, yaitu (1) penyediaan ruang terbuka; (2) manajemen pengelolaan sampah; (3) manajemen
daerah kumuh; (4) revitalisasi sungai; (5) menghilangkan sindrom sumpit dalam pembangunan gedung;
(6) energy alternative; (7) mengurangi produksi C02 dan (8) kebun kota.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan alat analisa perbandingan dan analisa
metode dan standar praktik baik (benchmarking) smart cities di kota-kota lain di Indonesia. Tujuh (7)

1
Public Administration Department – Parahyangan Catholic University.
Email: [email protected]
2
Public Administration Department – Parahyangan Catholic University.

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 Tutik Rachmawati, Priska Diah Pertiwi, Smart Environment Program Smart Way to Smart City

Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) yang merupakan SKPD utama pelaksana smart cities digunakan
sebagai informan utama dalam penelitian ini. Data-data dikumpulkan dari hasil 30 wawancara. Hasil
dari penelitian ini memberikan perspektif baru dalam memahami konsep dan praktik smart cities dalam
perspektik administrasi publik.

Kata Kunci:
inovasi; kota cerdas; program lingkungan cerdas.

Introduction have been more increasingly significant for

Bandung as also other cities in Indonesia harnessing the city resources, new technology,
is the center of attraction of human movement, and innovation and limited budget so that it
be it from other cities or from other rural could change challenges into opportunities.
areas (urbanization). As the center of human Smart City is expected to be able to increase
movement, most of non-renewable energy quality of life in the city and encouraging
and resources consumptions are concentrated the collaboration and involvement among
here. Hence, it impacted the city capacity to government, institution, and citizen.
provide energy and resources to its people. This paper analyzes the implementation
Badan Pusat Statistik’ Data shows the increased of smart environment program which has
number of population in Bandung. In 2011 the become important part of smart city policy in
population in Bandung is 2.424.957 and year Bandung City. Smart city become the strategic
2014 it increases to 2.470.802, within 3 years, planning of Bandung City Government for the
the population in Bandung City has increased year 2013 to 2018 to find alternative solutions
for 45.845 and this increase will be more likely to the environmental problems. As part of
to rocket in the next millennia. smart city, smart environment program is
The higher the population in a city will equally important particularly on the ground
mean higher burden to the city environment. that Bandung City Government need to have
More people means more waste, more housing good environmental management. Through
needed, more land for the settlement, more smart environment program, Government of
water and electricity provision. In this dire Bandung undertook various programs and
situation, a good spatial planning has become activities to improve the environmental quality
an urgency. Using the latest development of such as (1) the creation of thematic parks as open
information and communication technology, spaces; (2) the restoration and the revitalization
urban spatial planning is reflected in smart city of rivers; (3) urban farming. The analysis of the
concept (Anthopoulos & Vakali, 2012). smart environment implementation was drawn
According to IBM Institute for Business from on smart city index of in cities throughout
Value (2009) Smart City is the use of new Indonesia.
technology to change the city system, its
operation, and method of services provision. Research Method
In smart city, data (big data) is gathered easily, The design of this research is a qualitative
better analyzed and at the end, it accelerate research and the analysis of this research will
the decision-making process in the city be a descriptive qualitative analysis. Data
government. Bolivar (2015) define smart city collection was done through interviews
as the incorporation of complex Information and observation in several sites within
& Technology (IT) into solutions for equally Bandung City in which eight initiatives of
complex problems. Never before could IT smart environment took place. There were

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30 interviews from which the researcher (8) natural environment and ecological
drew the analysis of smart environment. The sustainability; (9) ICT and other technologies;
researchers conducted purposive sampling and (10) data and information.
technique to determine the 30 interviewees. The Smart environment rooted its basis of
interviewees were selected to represent three smart cities components no. 7 and no.8 which
groups; (1) local government work unit (Satuan requires city to have proper infrastructure such
Kerja Perangkat Daerah/SKPD) who play the as roads, bridges, tunnels, building (residential,
role of leading sector in smart environment business and recreational), pipelines, electrical
program; (2) community members who were and communication lines and so forth in terms
benefiting the smart environment program of economic sustainability and management
(thematic park visitors) and (3) community challenges (Kaklauskas et al. 2009; Kim 2010;
members who were involved in Gardening Lin 2007; Moser 2010; van Heur 2010; Wang
Village Program. 2011). Smart environment also focus on natural
environment and ecological implications of
Literature Review urban growth and development (Hollands
Smart Cities and Smart Environment 2008, p.310).
Further, European Union Project for
Bolivar (2015) argue that smart cities
Smart City (www.smart-cities.eu) provides
could be conceptualized in different ways,
characteristics and factors for smart city as
from the intensive use of IT in urban contexts,
an indicators and assessment framework to
to the generation of innovative services,
assess city’s performance as smart city. These
organizational capabilities and physical
characteristics are (1) smart economy, including
infrastructure. In a nutshell, smart city is
factors of economic competitiveness such as
an effort to make every cities smarter both
innovation, entrepreneurship, trademarks,
technological and social; from improving
productivity, and flexibility of the labour
convenience, facilitating mobility, creating
market; (2) smart people such as the level
process, efficiencies, conserving energy,
of qualification or education of the citizens
improving the quality of air and water,
but also the quality of social interactions
identifying problems and fixing them quickly
regarding integration and public life and the
recovering rapidly from disasters, collecting
openness towards the ‘outer’ world; (3) smart
data to make better decisions, deploying
governance which comprise aspects of political
resource effectively and sharing data to enable
participation, services for citizens as well as the
collaboration across entities and domains
functioning of the administration; (4) smart
(Caragliu et al. 2011; Schaffers et al. 2011).
mobility: local and international accessibility
Gill-Garcia, Pardo & Nam (eds. 2016)
are important aspects of mobility as well as the
argue that smart cities should be studied and
availability of information and communication
analyzed on the basis of multiple components.
technologies and modern and sustainable
These components are (Chourabi et al. 2012;
transport systems; (5) smart environment, is
Gil-Garcia 2012; Gil-Garcia et al. 2014; Nam
described by the attractive natural conditions
and Pardo 2014): (1) public services; (2) city
(climate, green space, etc.), pollution, resource
administration and management; (3) policies
management, and also by efforts towards
and other institutional arrangements; (4)
environmental protection and (6) smart living:
governance, engagement and collaboration; (5)
comprises various aspects of quality of life
human capital and creativity; (6) knowledge
such as culture, health, safety, housing, tourism
economy and pro-business environment; (7)
(Giffinger et al. 2007).
built environment and city infrastructure;

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 Tutik Rachmawati, Priska Diah Pertiwi, Smart Environment Program Smart Way to Smart City

Aspects of Smart Environment processed into energy and recycled into items
Smart Environment program by the City of valuable.
Amsterdam – The Netherlands was implemented
through the Climate Street Program. This is an c. Slum Areas Management
innovative program as part of climate change Slum areas, as in generally found in
mitigation by ways of reducing the CO2 level urban area, normally occupy the riverbanks
and creating alternative renewable energies. and other state-owned lands. The presence of
Initiatives under this program are ranging from slums can damage the visual layout of the city
the use of high-tech scan device to map the energy and causing an environmental crisis since it
saving potentials, the use of smart electricity impede the flow of river water when it rains
plug which enable lights to dim of turned-off and consequently causing flood. In these areas,
automatically, energy-saving Street lighting, to river has to endure the burden of the garbage
the use of electric vehicles in waste collection to and waste of human activities. It is then thought
minimize CO2 emissions. to be an urgency to better manage the slum
In this research, a literature study was areas for the sake of the river and other parts
done to establish a framework to the concept of the city. One of the alternatives to reduce the
of smart environment based on the practices burden to the river is to move the people inhabit
of cities throughout Indonesia. The researchers the slums area (riverbank) to better and safer
used special report publications on smart cities housing such as flats or apartment.
by KOMPAS from March 2015 – August 2015
to define the index of smart environment in d. The Revitalization of River
Indonesia. These special report publications were This initiative is related to the slum
part of initiatives by three parties: KOMPAS daily, areas management. As it was mention above,
PT Perusahaan Gas Negara (Persero)/State Gas it is common that the rivers of the city in
Company and the Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia are usually serve as a rubbish bin for
(ITB). Based on the practice of Smart Cities the inhabitants in its riverbank. As part of the
Indonesia (Kompas, 2015), we set the following smart environment program, it is necessary to
indicators of Smart Environment: bring back the very basic function of the river
in a city as an ecosystem that support the city
a. The Provision of Public Open Space environment and further provide public open
Public Open Space should meet the space.
needs of its citizens. Ideally, it should cover at
least 30% of the size of the city (based on the e. Eliminate “Chopsticks Syndrome” in
Minister of Public Works No. 5 of 2008) and Building Construction
consider the number of population as well. Chopsticks syndrome is considered as a
Public open space has not only an ecological, tragedy for any urban planner. It explains the
social cultural, economic functions, and but loss of historical buildings and replaced by
also aesthetic functions. new buildings or properties with commercial
purpose (Budihardjo, 2014). Chopsticks
b. Good Waste Management syndrome cause historical loss due to the
Sewage and waste disposal, derived from building’s history that became the pride of
households or factories should not directly being replaced by commercial buildings who
discharge into the river. There must be a special are only after profit. Chopsticks syndrome
designated plant to manage and process the also occurs when (high-rise) buildings are
waste and garbage. Further, waste can be constructed in areas with a high population

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density only and this create imbalance to contribute to lower the high level of Co2 and
physical and infrastructure development in provide green open space.
the city. Eight initiatives elaborated above became
the framework of this research to analyze the
f. Alternative energy smart environment program within smart city
Initiatives to find for alternative policy in every city in Indonesia.
energy sources that are more efficient and
environmental friendly are important part Discussion
of smart environment program. In a city in Based on interviews and observation,
which densely populated, it will difficult to this section will focus on the analysis of the
meet the energy needs of every households research finding using the framework set in
and companies. As it always suggested, it is the literature review. Various programs and
important to find sustainable and renewable activities were done by the Bandung City
energy for a city to be sustained. Hence, it is Government since 2013. These activities were
urgent to find alternative energy resources. carried out in collaboration with State-Owned
Enterprises/Regional-Owned Enterprises and
g. Reducing the Production of CO2 private sector, as well as the Bandung City
Everywhere in the world, urban areas are Government citizens. Using the framework
in danger of high level of pollution which has of eight initiatives in smart environment,
become the consequences of human activity in below are the activities conducted in Bandung
the city. Air pollution, particularly marked by City Government as the Smart Environment
the high level of carbon dioxide (CO2) will soon Program:
create negative impacts for the human beings.
At foremost, the decline of oxygen (O2) quality The provision of open public & green space
affect the population health. It is common
Act no. 26 Year 2007 about Spatial
to find urban inhabitant with illness such as
Planning requires every city (urban) or District
ASPA or even worse lung cancer. To overcome
(rural) has open green space of at least 30
this problem, city government should take
percent of the total number of the area. This
up measures in reducing the impact of CO2
number will have to consist of 20% Public
production. These measures can be started
(local government owned) Open green space
with the programs such as tree planting, public
(Ruang Terbuka Hijau) 10% of private owned.
transportation use or bicycles to get around the
In 2011 there was 1910.49 hectares of green
city, and vehicle emissions test
open space, which is 11. 43% of the area of the
city. However, based on the Green Open Space
h. Urban Farming
Master Plan for the year 2012 to 2032 and based
Urban area as the center of attraction
on Long and Middle Term Development Goal
for people mobility face the challenge of lack
of Bandung City year 2013-2018, the number
of space, both for the population and for the
of green open space is set to 28%.
environment itself. Initiative to use of the
However, the limited space and land
space in urban area efficiently should be every
makes the Mayor -Ridwan Kamil- seek other
city’s priority. Hence, any vacant land in every
alternatives to increase the public and green
urban neighborhood should not be left idle,
open space by constructing parks, and to make
but it should be used efficiently as spots for
it more interesting, the park has been set into
urban farming. Not only it will add aesthetic
themes and since then on, the mayor is famous
values to the face of the urban area, it will also
of really keen on building thematic parks. All

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 Tutik Rachmawati, Priska Diah Pertiwi, Smart Environment Program Smart Way to Smart City

the parks in Bandung City has been undergoing Table 1.

face-lift and renovation. Further, any possible Private Sector Contribution
space such as road-side (pedestrian path), space in Waste Management
under flyover bridge are being planted with No. Private Sector’s Name Type of contribution
trees. Up to now, Bandung City has 19 thematic 1. Bank Mandiri-PT. Trash cans 2 in 1
T-Files Indonesia (Monster) , 114 Units
parks/gardens. The idea of the park theme, 2. CV. Butterfly Fathunnaf Trashbag , 5000 sheet
mostly came from the Mayor –Ridwan Kamil- Center
himself, few other ideas come from the people 3. PT. Moradi Trash Cans 2 colors (50
Litre Capacity), 100 set
who posted their ideas through twitter. In this
case, there are participation and engagement Source: Laporan Kinerja PD Kebersihan Tahun
2014
from the Bandung City Citizen. Further, at
the Neighborhood Association (RW) level, the this campaign, every Monday, Wednesday
Bandung City Government set a program, - 1 and Friday citizen all over Bandung City is
park for 1 RW-, to provide more playground encourage to spend 10-30 minutes to clean
for children. According the Office of Cemetery their surrounding from trash and pick up all
and Landscaping, in 2015, the city of Bandung the spotted trash. This campaign aimed at
had about 613 RW parks. reducing the amount of garbage throughout
Bandung City.
Waste Management BPLH was also in charge of providing
and distributing bio-digesters to the citizens in
In order to have better waste management,
Bandung City Territory. Bio-digester is a very
Bandung City Government provided sufficient
smart machine that turn organic waste into a
waste bins and being put in every possible
biogas which then can be used for cooking and
corner throughout Bandung City territory.
other energy needs. It is stated in the Long &
Bandung City Government worked with
Medium Term of development (Rencana Jangka
two other agencies: Regional State Owned
Panjang & Jangka Menengah Daerah/RPJMD)
Company (Perusahaan Daerah/PD) Kebersihan
of Bandung City in 2013-2018 that 10,000 bio-
and Regional Environmental Energy (Badan
digesters will be given to each neighborhood
Pengelola Lingkungan Hidup/BPLH). BPLH
associations (Rukun Tetangga/RTs) in the city of
is in charge with provide the waste bins
Bandung. So far, in 2015, there are bio-digesters
annually and PD Kebersihan responsibility
which has been distributed to 57 RTs out 100
is to distribute those waste bins. In 2013,
targeted number.
BPLH was able to produce a waste bag made
Further, the provision of waste bins were
of biodegradable (tapioca starch). The waste
completed with the establishment of ‘Bank
bins were available in two types (organic
Sampah’ which can be translated as ‘trash
and inorganic) waste bags. Bandung City
bank’. By its name, it is a type of community
Government, targeted a 5000 points for waste
bank in which community can deposit, not their
bins and the priority is in every main road of
money, but their trash, which will be exchanged
Bandung territory. Private sectors were also
for money or other necessities goods for their
involved in this initiative. Below is the table
households. The trash will be then processed
which show the contribution of private sectors
and recycled as raw material for handicraft
in Bandung City’s waste management.
with an economic value. This trash bank was
Since June 2014, BPLH has started
initiated by PD Kebersihan in February 1, 2015
an environmental campaign ‘Trash Pick
and called ‘Bank Sampah Resik’, based on the
Movement’ (or Gerakan Pungut Sampah/GPS)
Directors of PD Kebersihan Regulations No.
to all Bandung City Government citizen. Under

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6/2015. The establishment of the trash bank Settlements and Spatial Planning of Bandung
is also in accordance with the Regulation of City Government, in 2015 there are 453 slums
the Minister of Environment Number 13/2012 areas covering 1,457.45 hectares. These slums
about 3R (Reduce, Reuse & Recycle). area are characterized by the lack of clean
Apart from Bank Sampah Resik, there is water provision (less than 30%), low quality
also another trash bank that is managed by a of drainage system, low quality of road (more
Non Governmental Organisation (NGO) called than 70% of road is in bad condition), and highly
Bank Sampah Hijau Lestari (Hijau Lestari Trash populated (high level of population density with
Bank). However, Bank Sampah Hijau Lestari is more than 100 houses in one hectare).
supported by BPLH Bandung and Department of The solution to this problem of slums
Agriculture and Food Security. These two agencies areas is to build vertical building to re-settle
supported the Bank Sampah Hijau Lestari people living in the slums area. However, to
(BSHL) by providing training in gardening and build this vertical building (rumah susun/
processing organic waste into organic fertilizer rusun), an important aspect e.i. access to public
and biogas. Since the establishment in 2015, transportation must be taken into account.
BSHL is able to create 100 trash banks throughout Having understood that human relocation will
Bandung City territory. brings dynamic changes to the lives of many
Another initiative by PD Kebersihan people, Bandung City Government has prepared
in waste management was the integration of a transit flat housing (transit apartment). The
Tempat Pembuangan Sampah Sementara/TPS goal of Bandung City Government is to build
(or temporary dumpsters) throughout Bandung 15 apartments by the end of 2018. However,
City territory and the use of Bio-digester. The during this research was conducted, there is
integration of TPS increased the number of only one apartment being constructed. This
waste/trash being able to be accommodated apartment will consist of 1000 units with an
and processed. Data from PD kebersihan shows ownership of 60 years. Following this, another
that in 2015, there were 5 temporary dumpsters 12 Apartement Rakyat (community apartment)
that were able to manage 8 tons/day. Two in 12 different locations will be constructed
temporary dumpsters with bio-digester (TPS and the works will be procured to private
Sekelimus and TPS Babakan Sari) were able to sector. The construction of Apartment Rakyat
process 146.5 tons of trash per day. Hence, the is considered as an innovation in overcoming
amount of organic waste reduction during 2015 the problem of slums. Further, Bandung City
was 154.5 tons / day. This means that in 2015, Government is regarded as the standard for
Bandung City was able to reduce up to 0.18% benchmarking for other local governments in
trash that goes to dumpster. this regards. With the ownership right last up to
60 years (this is significantly longer than other
Slum Areas Management general apartment which last only 5-6 years),
Slums in urban area in Indonesia are it will provide the poor with an asset.
generally situated in a plot of illegal land such As an addition to the building vertical
as the riverbank areas in which by law it is housing, in 2017, Department of Human
forbidden to be used as human settlement. In Settlements and Spatial Planning of Bandung
Bandung city territory however, slums area City Government aims at improving 1,035 non-
are also situated in legal human settlement livable housing (rumah tidak layak huni). This is
but with unhygienic environment and terrible called slums upgrading program, with a total
basic infrastructure provision. Based on budget of IDR 7 billions, each non-livable house
data released by the Department of Human will receive about IDR 5-15 millions.

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Table 2.
Development Concept to Avoid Chopstick Syndrome
Sub-Area of the City
No. Concepts Tujuan Penataan Ruang
(Sub Wilayah Kota/SWK))
1. Bojonagara Aerobiopolis Perlindungan Kawasan Bandara dan Industri Strategis

2. Cibeunying Travelapolis Perlindungan Bangunan Heritage dan Pusat Kuliner

3. Tegalega Mediapolis Pengembangan Industri Kreatif
4. Karees Karyapolis Pengembangan Kawasan Kreatif Terpadu
5. Arcamanik Sportipolis Pengembangan Pusat Pembinaan Potensi Olahraga
6. Ujungberung Sundapolis Pengembangan Seni Budaya Berbasis Masyarakat
7. Kordon Eksibisiopolis Pengembangan Fasilitas dan Penyelenggaraan Event-event
Etalase Produk Karya dan Jasa
8. Gedebage Teknopolis Pengembangan Kawasan yang bersinergikan Antara Pendidikan
Tinggi, Ekonomi Kreatif, Komersial dan Pusat Pemerintahan.
Source: Research results

Cikapundung River Restoration took a a form of water purification project.

Cikapundung River is one of seven rivers The restoration include various works such as
streaming across Bandung City Government installing water purifier, clear out the river bank
territory. Among those rivers, Cikapundung and built a river border.
River is the most polluted and its river bank
is the most populated. The initiatives from Avoiding “Chopsticks Syndrome”
the Bandung City Government to restore the Chopsticks syndrome is a tragedy of
river to its pristine condition to achieve good the loss of historic old buildings and replaced
river habitat is regarded as one aspect of smart by modern new buildings or properties with
environment program. Cikapundung river was commercial purpose. To avoid chopsticks
cleaned from all the trash, its river bank was syndrome Bandung city government, in its
restored from the illegal building, re-constructed spatial plan 2015-2035 Bandung city is divided
and beautified into a nice river terrace called into 8 regions:
Cikapundung Terrace. This project was funded The purpose of the spatial planning that
by national budget (Anggaraan Pendapatan dan divide the area of city into eight sub areas is
Belanja Negara/APBN) and construction was to balance the physical and other supported
done in cooperation among Ministry of Public infrastructure within the city. The balance
Works, West Java Provincial Government, and development will increase the economic
Bandung Institute of Technology. The Mayor potential of each region.
–Ridwan Kamil- himself was the consulted Sub Wilayah Kota (SWK) is also regarded
in the design of this Cikapundung Terrace. an innovation for the smart environment
Cikapundung Terrace is intended as an open program. The mayor, Ridwan Kamil, has been
public space in which community is able to working together with Development Planning
conduct social activities. CIkapundung terrace Board (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan
is also used as an education means to educate Daerah) and the Department of Spatial Planning
the community about the importance to keep and Human Settlements (Distarcip). Among
the river clean from the trash and pollution. those eight concepts of development, SWK
Apart from Cikapundung River, the teknopolis Gedebage is the priority. SWK
river restoration was also done to Cikapayang Teknopolis Gedebage is expected to be the icon
river. In Cikapayang River, the river restoration of Bandung City.

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Policy & Governance Review, Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2017

Alternative energy Street every Saturday night (18:00 pm) until

As part of the initiative to find alternative Sunday at 11:00 pm.
energy, Bandung City Government used bio- Further, community and other non-
digester to process organic wastes and turn governmental organization contribute to the
them into energy (methane gas/biogas & organic initiatives to reduce the CO2 production.
liquid fertilizer). Regional Environmental Bandung Creative City Forum (BCCF) has
Energy (Badan Pengelola Lingkungan Hidup/ initiated bike.bdg which provide bikes for
BPLH) is the agency in charge of these bio- rent for Bandung community to travel within
digester instalations. Through the Zero Bandung City. Based on the interview with one
Waste Home program, BPLH distribute the of the officers in bike.bdg, there are five shelters
biodigester units to the community in RT/RW in which community can rent bike, such as
level that produce organic waste up to 150 Kg/ campus of Bandung Institute of Technology,
day. The latest data in 2015, there were 57 new Balubur, Cikapayang Park, Unikom, and
biodigester distributed to the RT / RW from an Flexi Park. With a total number of 170 bikes,
initial target of 100. This number is expected to community can rent a bike for only IDR 3,000/
increase in the coming years. hour.

Reducing the Production of Co2 Urban Farming

The activities under the initiative to Urban Farming is a movement (as part
reduce the production of Co2 are carried out of smart environment program) which focus
regularly. One of the activities is tree planting on making the best use of any vacant space in
(undertaken by the Department of Agriculture the city regions as a planting space. In urban
and Food Security, Department of Cemeteries farming, commercial crops such as vegetables
and Parks and BPLH). Based on data from the and fruits are planted in the community
Department of Cemeteries and Parks in 2012 neighborhoods. Urban farming began in 2014
trees were 236,840 trees to be planted. In 2013 with 151 RW as the pioneers. Urban farming
as many as 246,572 trees, and in 2014 as many at the neighborhood level (RT/RW) was the
as 18,508 trees were being planted. mayor idea. The Department of Agriculture
The mayor issued a mayor regulation of and Food Security is the leading sector for this
No. 572 Year 2010 which regulate the threshold urban farming. Many free trainings (such as
of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions. As the result of hydroponic and vertical gardening method)
this regulation, there are 55 car workshops were provided for the community member
that run vehicle emissions examination. This who are interesting to do urban farming.
initiatives aims at increasing the level of To accommodate the harvest, Bandung City
awareness of the vehicle owner to regularly Government initiated Bandung Agri Market,
test their vehicle emissions and keep it below in which urban farmers can display their
the threshold. produce and get customers to buy their
Another effort undertaken by Bandung produces.
City Government to reduce vehicle emission is
to have Car Free Day in several main roads in Conclusion
Bandung territories such as Ir H. Juanda Street, Using the eight steps of smart
Merdeka Street and Buah Batu Street every environment framework, this research
Sunday morning from 06:00 to 10:00 am. And provided insights into what types of initiatives
also, since 2015, Bandung City Government conducted by Bandung City Government in
conducted Car Free Night in Asia and Africa realizing smart environment within smart

34
 Tutik Rachmawati, Priska Diah Pertiwi, Smart Environment Program Smart Way to Smart City

city concept. All the initiatives are in their References

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