IB Math AA SL Questionbank - Statistics & Probability

3/23/23, 3:26 PM IB Math AA SL Questionbank - Statistics & Probability
May 2022 Past Paper video solutions now available!
IB MATH AA SL - QUESTIONBANK
Topic 4 All - Statistics & Probability
All Questions for Topic 4 (Statistics & Probability). Statistics, Bivariate Statistics, Probability,
Distributions
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Question 1 EASY
[Maximum mark: 4]
At a sprinting competition the mean time of the first three sprinters is 10.5 seconds. The time for the fourth sprinter is
then recorded and the mean time of the first four sprinters is 11.0 seconds.
Find the time achieved by the fourth sprinter.
Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete
Question 2 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following is a cumulative frequency diagram for the average distance d, in kilometres, walked by 60 adults per day
in Tokyo.
https://www.revisionvillage.com/ib-math/analysis-and-approaches-sl/questionbank/statistics-and-probability/ 1/72
(a) Write down the median. [1]
(b) Find the interquartile range. [3]
(c) Complete the frequency table below. [2]
Question 3 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
The following box-and-whisker plot represents the commute time, in minutes, for a group of workers.
(a) Write down the median commute time. [1]
The range is 23 minutes, and the interquartile range is 10 minutes.
(b) Find the value of:

(i) p;
(ii) q . [4]
Question 4 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
A school conducts a research into how many minutes each day their students spend browsing the internet. Jake's class
is studied first. The number of minutes spent browsing the internet by each student in Jake's class is shown in the
following stem and leaf plot.
Key: 2 | 3 represents 23 minutes
(a) (i) Write down the number of students in Jake's class.
(ii) Find the median number of minutes spent browsing the internet. [3]
The following box-and-whisker plot also displays the number of minutes spent browsing the internet by students in
Jake's class.
(b) (i) Write down the value of q .
(ii) The interquartile range is 13. Find the value of p. [3]
Question 5 EASY
[Maximum mark: 4]
A data set consisting of 22 test scores has a mean 16.5. One test score of 27 requires a second marking and is removed
from the data set.
Find the mean of the remaining 21 test scores.
Question 6 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
The following Venn diagram shows two events A and B , where P(A) = 0.3, P(A ∩ B) = 0.2 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.7. The
values of p, q , r and s are probabilities.
(a) Write down the value of r. [1]
(i) p;
(ii) q ;
(iii) s. [4]
(c) Find P(B). [2]
Question 7 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
A physics test is given to a class of 24 students. Two students score 0 and all the other students score 12.
(a) Find the mean score for the class. [2]
(b) Write down the median score. [1]
(c) Write down the number of students who scored:

(i) above the mean score;
(ii) below the median score. [2]
Question 8 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Consider the following frequency table.
(a) (i) Write down the mode.
(ii) Find the value of the range. [3]
(b) (i) Find the mean.
(ii) Find the variance. [4]
Question 9 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
The following cumulative frequency diagram shows the lengths of 80 pieces of string, in centimetres.
(a) Find the median length. [2]
The following frequency table also gives the lengths of the 80 pieces of string.
(b) (i) Write down the value of q .
(ii) Find the value of p. [3]
Question 10 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
The maximum temperature T , in degrees Celsius, on six randomly selected days is shown in the following table. The
table also shows the number of soda cans purchased, N , from a vending machine on those six days.
(a) The relationship between the variables can be modelled by the regression equation N = aT + b.
(i) Find the value of a and the value of b.
(ii) Estimate the number of soda cans purchased on a day when

the maximum temperature is 23 °C. [4]
(b) Find the value of r, the correlation coefficient. [1]
Question 11 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
A coffee shop owner believes that the number of coffees they sell on a given day is related to the average temperature of
that day. The average temperature T , in degrees Celsius, on seven randomly selected days is shown in the following
table. The table also shows the number of coffees, N , the coffee shop sells on those seven days.
(a) The relationship between the variables can be modelled by the regression equation N = aT + b.
(i) Find the value of a and the value of b.
(ii) To the nearest integer, estimate the number of coffees sold on a day when the average temperature is 16 °C. [4]
(b) Find the value of r, the correlation coefficient. [2]
Question 12 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following table shows the amount of fuel (y litres) used by a car to travel certain distances (x km).
(a) Find the correlation coefficient. [2]
The data can be modelled by the regression line with equation y = ax + b.
(b) Write down the value of a and the value of b. [2]
(c) Use the model to estimate the amount of fuel the car would use if it has driven 55 km. [2]
Question 13 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
In a group of 40 bloggers, some use Facebook (F ) and some use Twitter (T ) to share their posts. Three of these bloggers
do not use either social media platform. This information is shown in the following Venn diagram.
(a) Write down the number of bloggers in the group who use Facebook. [2]
One blogger from the group is chosen at random.
(b) Find the probability that the blogger:

(i) does not use Facebook;
(ii) use either Facebook or Twitter, but not both. [4]

Question 14 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let A and B be independent events where P(A) = 0.7 and P(B) = 0.4.
(a) Find P(A ∩ B). [2]
(b) Find P(A ∪ B). [2]
The following Venn diagram shows events A and B .
(c) (i) Shade in the region that represents B ∩ A′ .
(ii) Find P(B ∩ A′ ). [3]
Question 15 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
The random variable X is normally distributed with a mean of 90. The following diagram shows the normal curve for X
.
Let R be the shaded region under the curve, to the left of 84. The area of R is 0.22.
(a) Write down P(X < 84). [1]
(b) Find P(84 < X < 90). [2]
(c) Find P(84 < X < 96). [2]
Question 16 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
A random variable X has a probability distribution given in the following table.
(a) Find the value of q . [3]
(b) Find E[X]. [3]
Question 17 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following box-and-whisker plot shows the number of tweets sent by people in a coffee shop on a particular day.
(a) Find the value of the interquartile range. [2]
(b) One person sent k tweets, where k > 7. Given that k is an outlier, find the least value of k . [4]
Question 18 EASY
[Maximum mark: 4]
There are 40 players in a clay pigeon shooting club who take part in a local tournament. The scores obtained after the
first round of shootings are shown in the following table.
(a) One of the players is chosen at random. Find the probability that this player's score was 3 or more. [2]
(b) Calculate the mean score. [2]
Question 19 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The cumulative frequency curve below represents the time spent by 120 students to solve a challenging mathematics
problem in class.
Use the graph to answer the following.
(a) Write down the median time. [1]
(b) A student is chosen at random. Find the probability that this student spent less than 30 minutes. [2]
(c) Given that 90 % of the students spent greater than k minutes, find the value of k . [3]
Question 20 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
The following cumulative frequency diagram shows the distance d, in kilometres, students need to travel to get to
school.
(a) Write down the median distance a student travels to school. [2]
(b) Find the number of students who travel between 2 km and 4 km to get to school. [3]
(c) Find the percentage of students who travel more than 4.5 km to get to school. [2]
Question 21 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
Paul records the duration, in minutes, of 10 customer service calls he receives between 1 and 6 pm on Wednesday. The
results are as follows
3.4 8.5 10 11.6 14 16.2 19 21.4 25.8 37.1
(a) Find the mean duration, in minutes, of the calls he received. [2]
The following box-and-whisker plot represents the results listed above.
(b) (i) Find the value of p.
(ii) Find the interquartile range. [3]
Calls greater than r minutes are considered outliers.
(c) Find the value of r. [2]
Question 22 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
The following table shows the average weights (y kg) for given heights (x cm) in a population of women.
(a) The relationship between the variables can be modelled by the regression equation y = ax + b.
(i) Write down the value of a and the value of b.
(ii) Hence estimate the weight of a woman whose height is 168 cm. [4]
(b) (i) Write down the correlation coefficient, r.
(ii) State which two of the following describe the correlation between the variables.
negative zero no correlation

strong weak positive
[3]
Question 23 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
The following table shows the average weights (y kg) for given heights (x cm) in a population of high school males.
(a) The relationship between the variables can be modelled by the regression equation y = ax + b.
(i) Write down the value of a and the value of b.
(ii) Hence estimate the weight of a male whose height is 167 cm. [4]
(b) (i) Write down the correlation coefficient.
(ii) State which two of the following describe the correlation between the variables.
negative zero no correlation

strong weak positive
[3]
Question 24 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following table shows the number of skateboards y that are sold x days after the shop opened.
This data can be modelled by the regression line with equation y = ax + b.
(a) (i) Write down the value of a and the value of b.
(ii) Explain what the gradient a represents. [4]
(b) Use the model to estimate the number of skateboards sold in 5 days after the shop opened. Round your answer to
the nearest integer. [2]
Question 25 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Catherine loves reading fiction books. The time taken for her to finish reading a book is dependent on the number of
pages. The following table shows the number of pages, x, of five fiction books that she has read recently and the number
of days, y , she spent to finish reading.
The relationship between x and y can be modelled by the regression line of y on x with equation y = ax + b.
(a) (i) Find the value of a and the value of b.
(ii) Write down the value of r, the Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. [3]
(b) Interpret, in context, the value of a found in part (a)(i). [1]
On a particular day, Catherine buys a new fiction book that has 220 pages.
(c) Use the result from part (a)(i) to estimate the whole number of days she will spend to finish reading the book. [2]
Question 26 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Extended power failure occurred in John's neighbourhood last winter. He measured the temperature of his house as air
inside cooled.
The following table shows air temperature T , in degrees Celsius, t hours after power failed.
(a) (i) Write down the independent variable.
(ii) Write down the warmest air temperature of the house. [2]
John believes that the relationship between T and t can be modelled by a linear regression equation.
(b) John describes the correlation as very strong. Circle the value below which best represents the correlation
coefficient. [2]
(c) John's model is T = −1.06t + 22.0, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 20. Use this model to predict the decrease in temperature for any 2
hour interval. [2]
Question 27 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Two events A and B are independent with P(A ∩ B) = P(A ∩ B ′ ) = 0.3.
(a) Find P(A). [2]
(b) (i) Find P(B).
(ii) Find P(A ∪ B). [4]
Question 28 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
A box contains 8 green and 4 blue marbles. Two marbles are selected at random (without replacement). Find the
probability that selected marbles are:
(a) of the same colour; [3]
(b) of different colours. [2]
Question 29 EASY
[Maximum mark: 4]
A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.7 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.85.
(a) Find P(A ∩ B). [2]
(b) Determine whether events A and B are independent. [2]
Question 30 EASY
[Maximum mark: 4]
(a) On the Venn diagram below, shade in the region A′ ∪ B ′ . [1]
Two events A and B are such that P(A′ ∪ B ′ ) = 0.85 and P(B ′ ) = 0.6.
(b) Find P(A ∣ B) [3]
Question 31 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
A bag contains 7 blue and 5 red marbles. Two marbles are selected at random without replacement.
(a) Complete the tree diagram below. [3]
(b) Find the probability that exactly one of the selected marbles is blue. [3]
Question 32 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Two events A and B are such that P(A) = 0.25 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.7.
Find P(B), given that A and B are:
(a) mutually exclusive; [2]
(b) independent. [4]
Question 33 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
A multiple choice exam consists of 20 questions. Each question has four answers. Only one of the answers is correct. For
each question, Jack randomly chooses one of the four answers.
(a) Find the expected number of questions Jack answers correctly. [2]
(b) Find the probability that Jack:

(i) Jack answers exactly four questions correctly;
(ii) Jack answers more than four questions correctly. [4]
Question 34 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
A random variable X is normally distributed with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.
(a) On the following diagram, shade in the region representing P(X ≥ 45). [2]
(b) Find P(X ≥ 45). [2]
(c) Given that P(X ≤ k) = 0.8, find the value of k . [2]
Question 35 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
A random variable X is normally distributed with a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 7.
(a) On the following diagram, shade in the region representing P(55 ≤ X ≤ 75). [1]
(b) Find P(55 ≤ X ≤ 75). [2]
(c) Given that P(X ≥ q) = 0.15, find the value of q . [2]
Question 36 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
There are 8 numbers in a data set. The sum of the numbers is 48.
(a) Find the mean. [2]
The variance of this data set is 2. Each number in the set is multiplied by 3.

(i) the new mean;
(ii) the new variance. [3]
Question 37 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
A data set has a mean of 15 and a standard deviation of 4.
Each element in the data set has 5 added to it.
(a) Find the value of:

(i) the new mean;
(ii) the new standard deviation. [3]
Each element in the original data set is multiplied by 5.


(i) the new mean;
(ii) the new variance. [3]
Question 38 EASY
[Maximum mark: 8]
The following table shows the data collected from an experiment.
The data is also represented on the following scatter diagram.
The relationship between x and y can be modelled by the regression line of y on x with equation y = ax + b, where
a, b ∈ R.
(a) Write down the value of a and the value of b. [2]
(b) Use this model to predict the value of y when x = 35. [2]
(c) Write down the value of x

ˉ and the value of yˉ. [2]
(d) Draw the line of best fit on the scatter diagram. [2]
Question 39 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
A and B are independent events with P(A) = 0.28 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.75. Find P(B).
Question 40 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Sophie can randomly select one chocolate from a large box full of chocolates of different types and sizes.
The probability that a chocolate is:
sugar free is 0.6;
king size is 0.25;
sugar free or king size is 0.8.
Find the probability that the chocolate chosen by Sophie is not a sugar free king size.
Question 41 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
The following Venn diagram shows two events A and B , where P(A) = 0.6, P(A ∩ B) = 0.1 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.9. The
values of p and q are probabilities.
(a) Find the value of q and of p. [3]
(b) Find P(B ′ ). [2]
(c) Find P(A ∣ B ′ ). [2]
Question 42 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The tree diagram below shows the probabilities for events A and B .
(a) Write down the value of p. [1]
(b) Find P(B). [2]
(c) Find P(A′ ∣ B). [3]
Question 43 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
Let A and B be events such that P(A) = 0.35, P(B) = 0.5 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.65.
Find P(A ∣ B).
Question 44 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Two events A and B are such that P(A) = 0.5 and P(A ∩ B) = 0.1.
(a) Find P(A ∩ B ′ ). [2]
(b) Given that P(A′ ∩ B ′ ) = 0.2, find :

(i) P(A ∪ B);
(ii) P(B);
(iii) P(A ∣ B ′ ). [4]
Question 45 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
Two events A and B are such that P(A ∩ B) = 0.1 and P(B) = 0.25.
(a) Find P(A′ ∩ B). [2]
(b) Given that P(A′ ∩ B ′ ) = 0.45, find :

(i) P(A ∪ B);
(ii) P(A);
′ ′
(iii) P(B ∣ A ). [4]
Question 46 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
(a) Given that P(X > 2) = 0.6, find the value of r. [2]
(b) Given that E[X] = 2.9, find the value of p and the value of q . [4]
Question 47 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
The heights of giraffes in a savanna can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean 5.2 metres and standard
deviation 0.1 metres.

(a) Find the probability that a giraffe selected at random is at least 5 metres tall. [2]
Twelve giraffes are independently selected at random and their heights recorded.
(b) Find the probability that more than nine of these giraffes are at least 5 metres tall. [3]
Question 48 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
The following diagram shows an archery target which is divided into three regions A, B and C.
A contest consists of an archer shooting one arrow at the target. The probability of hitting each region is given in the
following table.
(a) Find the probability that the arrow does not hit the target. [3]
An archer scores points on the contest as shown in the following table.
(b) Given that the contest is fair, find the value of k . [4]
Question 49 EASY
[Maximum mark: 5]
A biased coin has a probability of showing "heads" as 0.7. Jim pays $20 to play a game where he flips the coin. He gets
no money if he flips a "heads" and gets $k if he flips a "tails". The game is fair. Find the value of k .
Question 50 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The data of the goals scored by players in a futsal club during the winter games are given in the following table.
(a) Given that the mean number of goals scored per player is 4.8, find the value of k . [3]
It is discovered that there is a mistake in the data and that two players, who scored 2 and 13 goals, have not been
included in the table.
(b) (i) Find the correct mean number of goals scored per player.
(ii) Find the correct standard deviation of the numbers of goals scored per player. [3]
Question 51 EASY
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following Venn diagram shows two events A and B , where P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.8 and P(A ∩ B) = 0.2. The
values of p, q , r and s are probabilities.
(a) Find the value of r, p, q , and s. [4]
(b) Find P(A ∣ B ′ ). [2]
EASY
Question 52
[Maximum mark: 5]
Given the expected value of X is 2.65, find the value of a and of b.
Question 53 EASY
[Maximum mark: 7]
A police officer uses a speedometer to measure the speeds, in km per hour, of the cars travelling on a residential street.
The speeds can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean 43 and standard deviation 3.2. A speed violation ticket
is issued if the speed exceeds 48 km per hour.
(a) Find the probability that a car selected at random receives a speeding ticket. [2]
(b) Estimate the whole number of cars that will receive a speeding ticket from a random sample of 150 cars. [2]
(c) Given that a car receives a speeding ticket, find the probability that it was travelling more than 50 km per hour. [3]
Question 54 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
k2
Consider two events A and B such that P(A) = 3k , P(B) = k , P(A ∩ B) = and P(A ∪ B) = 0.78. Find:
2

(a) the value of k ; [3]
(b) P(A′ ∩ B). [3]

Question 55 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
Two events A and B are such that P(A) = 0.58 and P(A ∩ B) = 0.16.
(a) Find P(A ∩ B ′ ). [2]
(b) Given that P(A′ ∩ B ′ ) = 0.28, find P(A ∣ B ′ ). [4]
Question 56 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let the random variable X be normally distributed with mean 16, as shown in the following diagram.
The shaded region between 16 and 20 represents 35% of the distribution.
(a) Find P(X > 20). [2]
(b) Find the standard deviation of X . [5]
Question 57 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 5]
A botanist measured the diameters of silver birch trees, in cm, in a forest and recorded the results. The following box
and whisker diagram shows a summary of the results where m and n are the lower and upper quartiles respectively.
The interquartile range is 10 cm and there are no outliers in the results.
(a) Find the minimum possible value of n. [3]
(b) Hence, find minimum possible value of m. [2]
Question 58 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
At a large manufacturing company, employees travel to work each day by car, bus or train.
60 employees who travel to work by car were randomly selected and surveyed on how long it takes them to get to work.
The following cumulative frequency diagram shows their results in minutes.
(a) Given that 10% of the employees in the survey that travel to work by car take m minutes or less, find the value of
m. [2]
The following frequency table shows the distribution of the same data.
(b) Find the value of p and the value of q . [2]
There are 240 employees in the company who travel to work by car each day.
(c) Estimate the number of employees who spend more than an hour travelling to work by car. [2]
(d) (i) Explain why this sampling method might not provide an accurate representation of the amount of time all
employees spend travelling to work.
(ii) Suggest a more appropriate sampling method. [2]
Question 59 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following table shows the distance a group of six employees live from work, and how long it takes each of them to
travel to work each day.
Let L1 be the regression line of y on x. The equation of the line L1 can be written in the form y = ax + b.

Let L2 be the regression line of x on y . The equation of the line L2 can be written in the form x = cy + d.

(ii) Find the value of c and the value of d. [4]
The lines L1 and L2 both pass through the same point with coordinates (p, q).

Question 60 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
A painter is estimating his new fees, and so he registered the time it took to paint different areas. The data is shown in
the following table
Let L1 be the regression line of y on x. The equation of the line L1 can be written in the form y = ax + b.

Let L2 be the regression line of x on y . The equation of the line L2 can be written in the form x = cy + d.

(ii) Find the value of c and the value of d.
(iii) Find the value of r, the correlation coefficient. [5]
The lines L1 and L2 both pass through the same point with coordinates (p, q).

Question 61 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
Two events A and B are such that P(A ∪ B) = 0.78, P(A ∩ B) = 0.27 and P(A ∣ B) = 0.45.
(a) Find P(B). [2]
(b) Find P(A). [2]
(c) Hence show that events A′ and B are independent. [2]
Question 62 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
Two events A and B are such that P(A′ ∩ B) = P(A ∩ B ′ ) = 0.3 and P(A ∩ B) = 0.2.
(a) Calculate P(A′ ∩ B ′ ). [2]
(b) Calculate P(B ′ ). [2]
(c) Hence find P(A′ ∣ B ′ ). [2]
Question 63 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
At a travel agency, 8% of employees speak both Spanish and Dutch. 60% of employees speak neither of the languages.
The percentage of employees who can speak Spanish is twice the percentage of those who can speak Dutch.
(a) Find the probability that a randomly selected employee can speak Spanish. [4]
(b) Given that a randomly selected employee can speak at least one of the languages, find the probability that they
speak Spanish. [2]
Question 64 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
A random variable X is normally distributed with μ = 120 and σ = 15.
Find the interquartile range of X .
Question 65 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
Two unbiased dice are thrown and the scores are recorded. Let the random variable X be the minimum of these two
scores. The probability distribution of X is given in the following table.
(a) Find the value of p and the value of q . [3]
(b) Find the expected value of X . [3]
Question 66 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
(a) Find the value of p. [3]
(b) Find E[X]. [3]
Question 67 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 13]
A group of ten office workers recorded the distance, in kilometres, they walked on Monday. Their results are listed
below.
0.9 1.8 5 5.4 5.6 6 6.5 7 8.6 9.2
(a) Find the mean distance, in kilometres, walked by this group of office workers on Monday. [2]
The following box-and-whisker plot represents the results listed above.
(b) (i) Find the value of p.
(ii) Find the interquartile range. [3]
Distances less than r kilometres walked on Monday are considered outliers.
(c) Find the value of r. [2]
A group of twenty freelancers also recorded the distance, in kilometres, they walked during the same Monday. The
mean distance walked by this group of freelancers on the Monday is 1.7 km with a standard deviation of 1 km.
(d) (i) Find the total distance the group of freelancers walked on the Monday.
(ii) Find the combined mean distance that all thirty office workers and freelancers walked on the Monday.
(iii) On Tuesday, all twenty freelancers walked double the distance they walked on Monday. Calculate the
variance in the distance walked by the freelancers on the Tuesday. [6]

Question 68 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following table below shows the points scored by eight basketball players in two games.
Let L1 be the regression line of x on y . The equation of the line L1 can be written in the form x = ay + b.

(a) Find the value of a and the value of b. [2]
Let L2 be the regression line of y on x. The lines L1 and L2 both pass through the same point with coordinates (p, q).

(c) Andrew's injury didn't allow him to play in the first game but he played and scored 10 points in the second game.
Use an appropriate regression equation to estimate the number of points that Andrew would have scored in the
first game. Round your answer to the nearest point. [2]
Question 69 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
The following table below shows the marks scored by six job candidates on two aptitude tests.
Let L1 be the regression line of x on y . The equation of the line L1 can be written in the form x = ay + b.

Let L2 be the regression line of y on x. The lines L1 and L2 both pass through the same point with coordinates (p, q).

(c) Chelsea missed the first aptitude test but scored 101 marks on the second aptitude test. Use an appropriate
regression equation to estimate Chelsea's mark on the first aptitude test. [2]
Question 70 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
At a school, 75% of the students play chess and 24% of the students play tennis. 15% of the students participate in
neither activity.
A student is selected at random.
(a) Find the probability that the student plays both chess and tennis. [2]
(b) Find the probability that the student plays chess but not tennis. [2]
At the school, 30% of the students are male, and 80% of the male students play tennis.
A student is selected at random. Let M be the event "the student is a male" and let T be the event "the student plays
tennis".
(c) Find P(M ∩ T ) [2]
(d) Determine if the events M and T are independent. Justify your answer. [2]
Question 71 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
AB Technologies produces DC motors of which 5% are defective. The motors are packaged into boxes, each box
containing 60 motors. A box is selected at random.
(a) Find the probability that the box contains:
(i) exactly one defective motor;
(ii) at least two defective motors. [4]
(b) Given that there are at least two defective motors in the box, find the probability that there are at most four
defective motors. [2]
James orders 5 boxes of motors for his company.
(c) Find the probability that James will receive at least one but no more than fifteen defective motors in his order. [2]
Question 72 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
The time taken for a student to complete an exam is normally distributed with a mean of 40 minutes and a standard
deviation of 5.5 minutes.
(a) A student is selected at random. Find the probability that the student competes the task in less than 48 minutes. [3]
(b) The probability a student takes between k and 48 minutes is 0.4. Find the value of k . [4]
Question 73 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 16]
A primary school surveyed 120 of its students to find out how much time they spend using digital devices on a given
day. The results of the survey are shown in the following cumulative frequency diagram.
(a) Find the median number of minutes spent using digital devices. [2]
(b) Find the number of students whose screen time is within 30 minutes of the median. [3]
Only 5% of the students spent more than k minutes using digital devices.
(c) Find the value of k . [3]
The results of the survey can also be displayed on the following box-and-whisker diagram.
(d) Write down the value of q . [1]
(e) (i) Find the value of p.
(ii) Hence find the interquartile range. [4]
Screen times of less than r minutes are considered outliers.
(f) Find the value of r. [3]

Question 74 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 13]
Each day, a factory records the number (x) of memory foam pillows it produces and the total production cost (y)
dollars. The results for ten days are shown in the following table.
(a) Write down the equation of the regression line in the form y = ax + b [2]
Use your regression line as a model to answer the following.
(b) Interpret the meaning of:
(i) the gradient;
(ii) the y -intercept. [2]
(c) Estimate the cost of producing 100 pillows. [2]
The factory sells the pillows for $ 29.99 each.
(d) Find the least number of pillows that the factory should produce in one day in order to make a profit. [3]
(e) Comment on the appropriateness of using your model to estimate:

(i) the cost of producing 1000 pillows;
(ii) the number of pillows produced when the total production cost is $1940. [4]
Question 75 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 13]
The following table shows the price (y dollars) of six used trucks, depending on the distance they have travelled (x km).
The relationship between the variables can be modelled by the regression equation y = ax + b.
(a) (i) Find the correlation coefficient.
(ii) Write down the value of a and the value of b. [3]
(b) Use the regression equation to estimate the price of a truck that has travelled 160 000 km. [2]
James buys the truck that has travelled 160 000 km, however doesn't drive it. The price of the truck decreases by 7%
each year it sits still in James' garage.
(c) Calculate the price of James' truck after 5 years. [4]
(d) If James sells his truck for 20 000 dollars k years after he purchased it, find the value of k to the nearest year. [4]
Question 76 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 14]
In a group of 25 students, 18 students take chemistry and 12 students take physics. Three students take neither
chemistry nor physics. The Venn diagram below shows the events C (studying chemistry) and P (studying physics).
The values of p, q, r and s represent numbers of students.
(a) (i) Write down the value of s.
(ii) Find the value of r.
(iii) Write down the value of p and the value of q . [5]
(b) (i) A student is selected at random from the group. Given that the student studies chemistry, write down the
probability they study physics.
(ii) Hence show that studying chemistry and physics are not independent events. [5]
(c) Two students are selected at random one after the other. Find the probability the first student studies only
chemistry and the second student studies only physics. [4]

Question 77 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 8]
A factory makes toys. The probability that a toy is defective is 0.08. A random sample of 50 toys is tested.
(a) Find the expected number of defective toys. [2]
(b) Find the probability that there is at least one defective toy in the sample. [3]
(c) Given that there is at least one defective toy in the sample, find the probability that there are at most three
defective toys. [3]
Question 78 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 12]
The weights W , in grams, of frogs in an enclosure are normally distributed with a mean of 230 grams and a standard
deviation of 15 grams.
A frog that weights less than 210 grams is considered as a small frog.
A frog is selected at random.
(a) Find the probability that this frog is small. [3]
A frog that weights more than 250 grams is considered as a big frog.
Another frog is selected at random.
(b) Find the probability that the frog is neither small nor big. [3]
Frogs that aren't small or big are considered as standard frogs.
A sample of 450 frogs are selected.
(c) Find the expected number of standard frogs in this sample. [3]
Another sample of N frogs are selected.
(d) Find the minimum value for N such that the expected number of standard frogs in the sample is 100. [3]
Question 79 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
The time taken for a student to finish a task is normally distributed with a mean μ and standard deviation σ . It is found
that 6% of students take less than 7 minutes to complete the task and 75% take less than 22 minutes.
Find the value of μ and the value of σ .
Question 80 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 15]
The following cumulative frequency diagram shows the lengths of 80 flower stems in a garden, in centimetres.
(a) (i) Write down the median length.
(ii) Find the percentage of flower stems that are 60 cm or greater. [4]
The same data is presented in the following frequency table.
(i) p;
(ii) q . [4]
(c) Use the values from the frequency table above to estimate the mean and standard deviation of the lengths. [3]
A flower with stem length of 60 cm or greater is considered as mature flower.
(d) Given that a randomly selected flower is mature, find the probability that its stem length is 90 cm or greater. [4]
Question 81 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 15]
Bag A contains 4 red balls and 3 green balls. Bag B contains 4 red balls and 1 green ball.
(a) A ball is randomly chosen from both bags. Find the probability they are of different colours. [4]
A bias coin is flipped. If heads is shown, a ball is randomly selected from bag A. If tails is shown, a ball is randomly
selected from bag B .
(b) Complete the tree diagram below. [4]
(c) The bias coin is flipped and a ball is randomly selected. Find the probability the ball is red. [4]
(d) Given that a red ball is selected, find the probability the bias coin showed heads. [3]
Question 82 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
The heights X , in metres, of adult women in a small town can be modelled by a normal distribution.
It is given that 8% of women are shorter than 1.55 m and 5% of women are taller than 1.70 m.
Find the mean and standard deviation of the heights of the women.
Question 83 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
It is given that three in ten men take less than 220 minutes to run a marathon. It is also known that one in five men take
more than 274 minutes to run the same marathon.
Assume that the time taken, in minutes, for men to run a marathon is modelled by a normal distribution.
Find the mean and standard deviation.
Question 84 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
The probability of obtaining tails when a biased coin is tossed is 0.6. The coin is tossed 400 times.
(a) (i) Write down the mean number of tails.
(ii) Find the variance of the number of tails. [3]
(b) Find the probability that the number of tails obtained is less than one standard deviation away from the mean. [3]
Question 85 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
The probability of obtaining heads when a biased coin is tossed is 0.65. The coin is tossed seven times. Find the
probability of obtaining:
(a) at least four heads; [2]
(b) the fourth tails on the seventh toss. [4]
Question 86 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
The heights X , in metres, of mature dwarf fruit trees in a tree garden can be modelled by a normal distribution.
It is given that 1% of the dwarf trees are shorter than 2.46 m and 10% are taller than 2.91 m.
Find the mean and standard deviation of the heights of the dwarf trees.
Question 87 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
The weights W , in grams, of tea bags are normally distributed with a mean of 3.5 grams and a standard deviation of
0.53 grams. A tea bag is considered small if it weights less than w grams.
(a) Given that 5.2 % of tea bags are small, find w. [3]
(b) A selected tea bag is small. Find the probability that it weights at least 2.25 grams. [3]
Question 88 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 6]
The lengths L, in millimetres, of caterpillars in an enclosure are normally distributed with a mean of 12.5 mm and a
standard deviation of σ mm.
(a) Write down the probability that a randomly selected caterpillar has a length greater than 12.5 mm. [1]
(b) Given that 6.5% of caterpillars have a length greater than 14 mm, find:
(i) the value of σ ;
(ii) the probability that a randomly selected caterpillar has a length less than 11.5 mm. [5]
Question 89 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
A six-sided biased die is weighted in such a way that the probability of obtaining a "one" is 0.6.
The die is rolled eight times. Find the probability of obtaining:
(a) at most five "ones" ; [3]
(b) the fifth "one" on the eighth roll. [4]
Question 90 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 15]
A garden bed has a large number of flowers. The heights of the flowers are normally distributed with a mean of 43 cm
and a standard deviation of 6 cm. A flower is classified as tall if it is taller than 48 cm.
(a) A flower is selected at random.
(i) Find the probability that this flower is tall.
(ii) Given that the flower is tall, find the probability it is taller than 55 cm. [6]
(b) Two flowers are selected at random. Find the probability they are both tall. [3]
(c) Five hundred flowers are selected at random.

(i) Find the probability that at least 100 of these 500 flowers are tall.
(ii) Find the expected number of tall flowers among these 500 flowers. [6]
Question 91 MEDIUM
[Maximum mark: 7]
A survey of Mount Everest climbers in 2021 shows that 29% of those surveyed have successfully set foot on the summit.
(a) A random sample of 12 climbers was taken. The number of climbers who successfully set foot on the summit can
be modelled by a binomial distribution.
(i) State two assumptions made in order for this model to be valid.
(ii) Find the probability that at least four people from the sample made a successful summit climb. [4]
(b) From a random sample of n climbers, the probability that at least one of them made a successful summit climb in
2021 is greater than 0.995. Determine the least possible value of n. [3]
Question 92 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
Jane commutes to work five days a week and travels by either bike or train. When it rains, the probability Jane rides
her bike is 0.2. When it does not rain, the probability she catches the train is 0.3. The probability it rains on any given
day is 0.4.
(a) On a randomly selected day, find the probability Jane catches the train to work. [4]
(b) Given that Jane catches the train, find the probability it was raining that day. [3]
(c) In a randomly chosen work week, find the probability Jane catches the train on exactly two out of the five days. [3]
(d) If Jane travels to work 48 weeks a year, riding her bike is free and the train costs $1.70 per day, calculate how
much Jane would expect to pay per year on her commute to work. [5]
Question 93 HARD
[Maximum mark: 8]
Domino Sugar Bags are packaged by machines. The weights X , in grams, of bags of sugar can be modelled by a normal
distribution where X ∼ N(μ, σ 2 ). A bag of sugar is considered to be underweight if it weights less than 4480 grams.
(a) Given that μ = 4536 and σ = 25, find the probability that a randomly selected bag of sugar is underweight. [2]
The manufacturer makes the decision that the probability that a bag of sugar is underweight should be 0.001. To do
this μ is increased and σ is kept unchanged.
(b) Calculate the new value of μ, rounding your answer to the nearest gram. [3]
The manufacturer is happy with the decision that the probability that a bag of sugar is underweight should be 0.001,
but is unhappy with the way in which this was achieved. The machines are now adjusted to reduce σ and return μ back
to 4536 grams.
(c) Calculate the new value of σ , rounding your answer to the nearest gram. [3]
Question 94 HARD
[Maximum mark: 6]
The faces of a fair six-sided die are numbered 2, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6. Let X be the discrete random variable that models the sum
of scores obtained when two such dice are rolled.
(a) Complete the probability distribution table for X . [3]
(b) Find the expected value of X . [3]
Question 95 HARD
[Maximum mark: 7]
Let X and Y be normally distributed with X ∼ N(135, σ 2 ) and Y ∼ N(105, σ 2 ).
(a) Find k such that P(Y > k) = P(X < k). [2]
(b) Given that P(X > 130) = 0.8944, find P(90 < Y < 110). [5]
Question 96 HARD
[Maximum mark: 12]
The following table shows values of ln x and ln y .
The relationship between ln x and ln y can be modelled by the regression equation ln y = a ln x + b.
(b) Use the regression equation to estimate the value of y when x = 4.12. [3]
The relationship between x and y can be modelled using the formula y = pxq , where p =
 0 and q =
 0, q =
 1.
(c) Expressing ln y in terms of ln x, find the value of p and the value of q . [6]
Question 97 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
A study records the number of chickens and ducks on a farm after t years, starting on 1 January, 1997.
Let c be the number of chickens on the farm after t years. The following table shows the number of chickens after t
years.
The relationship between the variables can be modelled by the regression equation c = at + b, where a and b are
constants.
(b) Use the regression equation to estimate the number of chickens on the farm when t = 6. [2]
Let d be the number of ducks on the farm after t years. The number of ducks can be modelled by the equation d =
400e−kt , where k is a constant.
(c) Find the number of ducks on the farm on 1 January, 1997. [3]
(d) After six years, there are 377 ducks on the farm. Find the value of k . [3]
(e) Find the year during which the number of chickens and ducks were the same. [4]
Question 98 HARD
[Maximum mark: 7]
Isabella studies at the University of Chicago and has relatives in Detroit and New York City. Each time she visits her
relatives, she either drives or flies.
3
When travelling to Detroit, the probability she drives is , and when travelling
4

7
to New York City, the probability she flies is .
8

5
Given that the probability she drives when visiting her relatives is , find the probability that for a particular trip,
12

she:
(a) travels to Detroit, giving your answer as a fraction; [4]
(b) is on her way to Detroit, given that she is flying. [3]
Question 99 HARD
[Maximum mark: 14]
The yield, Y kg, per sweet cherry tree grown in a local farm is normally distributed with a mean of 42 kg and a standard
deviation of σ kg.
(a) Given that 8% of the cherry trees yield more than 55 kg, find the value of σ . [3]
(b) Find the probability that a randomly selected tree yields more than 50 kg. [2]
(c) Given that a tree yields more than 50 kg, find the probability that it yields less than 60 kg. [3]
On a particular day, there are 60 cherry trees harvested at the farm.
(d) Find the expected number of cherry trees that will yield more than 50 kg. [3]
(e) Find the probability that at least 12 trees will yield more than 50 kg. [3]

Question 100 HARD
[Maximum mark: 6]
A bag contains 8 blue marbles, 12 green marbles and m red marbles. A marble is selected at random and replaced. This
is performed three times.
(a) Write down the probability that the first marble selected is blue. [1]
Let X be the number of blue marbles selected.
(b) Find the smallest value of m for which Var(X) < 0.5. [5]
Question 101 HARD
[Maximum mark: 11]
Jack and John decided to run a total of 250 km in 31 days. To help them decide whether it is fine to go running, they
classify each day in August as rainy or dry. Given that a day in August is rainy, the probability that the next day is dry
is 0.25. Given that a day in August is dry, the probability that the next day is dry is 0.8. The weather forecast for the 1
st of August predicts that the probability that it will be dry is 0.9.
(a) Draw a tree diagram to display all the possible outcomes for the first three days of August. [4]
(b) Find the probability that the 3rd of August is dry. [3]
(c) Find the probability that the 1st of August was dry given that the 3rd of August is rainy. [4]
Question 102 HARD
[Maximum mark: 11]
Elizabeth and Georgia decided to cycle a total of 750 km in 30 days. To help them decide whether it is safe to go cycling,
they classify each day in June as rainy or dry. Given that a day in June is dry, the probability that the next day is rainy
is 0.25. Given that a day in June is rainy, the probability that the next day is rainy is 0.85. The weather forecast for the
1st of June predicts that the probability that it will be dry is 0.8.
(a) Draw a tree diagram to display all the possible outcomes for the first three days of June. [4]
(b) Find the probability that the 3rd of June is rainy. [3]
(c) Find the probability that the 1st of June was dry given that the 3rd of June is dry. [4]
Question 103 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
A bag contains n marbles, two of which are green. Claudia plays a game in which she randomly draws marbles out of
the bag, one after another, without replacement. The game ends when Claudia draws a green marble.
(a) Find the probability, in terms of n, that the game will end on her:
(i) 1st draw;
(ii) 2nd draw. [4]
(b) Given that n = 6, find the probability that the game will end on her:
(i) 3rd draw;
(ii) 5th draw. [4]
Claudia plays the game when n = 6. She pays $11 to play and can earn money back depending on the number of draws
it takes to obtain a green marble. She earns no money back if she obtains a green marble on her 5th draw. Let M be the
amount of money that she earns back playing the game. This information is shown in the following table.
(c) Find the value of k so that this is a fair game. [7]
Question 104 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
(a) Given that E(X) = 0.8, find the exact value of:
(i) q ;
(ii) p. [4]
A bag contains black and red balls, with at least two of each colour. Two balls are drawn from the bag without
replacement. The number of red balls drawn is given by the random variable X .
(b) (i) Write down the probability of drawing two red balls.
1
(ii) Explain why the probability of drawing two black balls is .
3

(iii) The bag contains a total of ten balls of which k are black. Find k . [5]
A game is played in which two balls are drawn from the bag of ten balls, without replacement. A player wins a prize if
two black balls are drawn.
(c) Olivia plays the game twelve times. Find the probability that she wins exactly three prizes. [2]
(d) William plays the game until he wins three prizes. Find the probability that he wins his third prize on his tenth
attempt. [4]
Question 105 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
A burger shop serves veggie burgers and chicken burgers. Each customer will choose one of the following three options;
buy only a veggie burger, buy only a chicken burger or buy both a veggie burger and a chicken burger. The probability
that a customer buys a veggie burger is 0.65 and the probability that a customer buys a chicken burger is 0.54.
(a) Find the probability that a customer chosen at random will buy:
(i) both a veggie burger and a chicken burger;
(ii) only a chicken burger. [5]
On a typical day, 600 customers come to the burger shop.
(b) Find:
(i) the expected number of veggie burgers sold on a typical day;
(ii) the probability that more than 400 veggie burgers will be sold on a typical day. [4]
It is known that 44% of the customers who come to the burger shop are females, and that 75% of the female customers
buy a chicken burger.
(c) (i) A customer is selected at random. Find the probability that the customer is female and buys a chicken
burger.
(ii) A male customer is selected at random. Find the probability that he buys a chicken burger. [6]
Question 106 HARD
[Maximum mark: 14]
At a local town, the residents are experiencing a virus pandemic. To encourage vaccination, the government announces
a cash incentive campaign.
A daily lottery is announced and each resident who is vaccinated will receive $W in cash, with the probability
distribution shown in the following table. For example, the probability of a resident receiving $5 is 0.08. The jackpot
prize is initially $500.
(b) Calculate E(W ). [2]
Only one resident gets vaccinated on the first day of the campaign. The government is disappointed, so they announce
that for every additional resident that gets vaccinated, the value of the jackpot prize will increase by 0.1% while the
other prizes and the probabilities will remain the same.
(c) If n residents are vaccinated, find an expression in terms of n for the value of the jackpot prize. [2]
(d) Hence, find the value of the jackpot prize when 1000 people are vaccinated. [2]
Joseph likes the idea of the cash incentive but he's unsure if it's worth travelling to the vaccination centre considering
the bus ticket to get there will cost him $10. He concludes that he can expect to make a profit from the journey if he
waits for k people to get vaccinated.
(e) Find the minimum value of k . [6]
Question 107 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]

The heights X , in metres, of trees in a forest are normally distributed with a mean of 56.7 m and a standard deviation of
18.2 m.
(a) A tree is selected at random. Find the probability that the tree is:
(i) between 65 m and 85 m;
(ii) at least 70 m. [3]
The tallest 10% of trees are considered giant trees and the smallest 15% of trees are considered small trees.
(b) (i) Calculate the minimum height for a tree to be considered giant.
(ii) Calculate the maximum height for a tree to be considered small. [4]
Four trees are selected at random.
(c) Find the probability that two trees are giant and the other two are small. [4]
Consider the case where twenty trees are selected at random.
(d) Find the probability that:

(i) no trees are giant;
(ii) at least three trees are giant. [4]
Question 108 HARD
[Maximum mark: 12]
The battery lifetime, in hours, of a new model of a smartphone is modelled by a normal distribution with mean μ and
standard deviation σ .
(a) Given that 12% of the smartphones have battery lifetime of more than 18 hours and 21% of the smartphones have
battery lifetime of less than 13 hours, calculate the value of μ and the value of σ , giving your answers to two
significant figures. [6]
(b) A random sample of twenty smartphones of this new model is selected. Let X denote the number of smartphones
in the sample whose batteries last for more than 18 hours.
(i) Calculate E[X].
(ii) Calculate the probability that exactly five of these smartphones have battery lifetime of more than 18 hours.
(iii) Determine the most likely value of X . [6]
HARD
Question 109
[Maximum mark: 13]
A survey is conducted in a large technology company. It is found that 25% of the employees drink more than 30 cups of
coffee and 4% of the employees drink less than 12 cups of coffee during a five-day week. The number of cups of coffee
consumed by the employees of the company can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean μ and standard
deviation σ .
(a) (i) Determine two linear equations satisfied by μ and σ .
(ii) Find the values of μ and σ , giving your answers correct to one decimal place. [6]
(b) Find the probability that an employee drinks more that 40 cups of coffee during a five-day week. [2]
On Monday mornings, there are team meetings held by project managers.
(c) There are 12 employees attending a particular meeting.

(i) Find the probability that at least three of the employees drink more than 40 cups of coffee during a five-day
week.
(ii) Given that at least one of the employees drinks more than 40 cups of coffee, find the probability that there
are fewer than three employees drinking more than 40 cups of coffee during a five-day week. [5]
Question 110 HARD
[Maximum mark: 16]
The mass M , in grams, of oranges is normally distributed with mean μ. The table below shows probabilities for values
of M .
(a) (i) Write down the value of k .
(ii) Show that μ = 165. [3]
(b) Find P(M < 120). [5]
The oranges are packed in boxes of fifteen.
Any orange with a mass less than 120 grams is classified as small.
(c) Find the probability that a box of oranges selected at random contains at most two small oranges. [3]
(d) A wooden crate contains 20 boxes of oranges. A crate is selected at random.

(i) Find the expected number of boxes in this crate that contain at most two small oranges.
(ii) Find the probability that at least 18 boxes in this crate contain at most two small oranges. [5]
Question 111 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
The time, T minutes, spent travelling to work by employees of a large company is normally distributed with a mean of
46 minutes and a variance of σ 2 minutes.
The probability that T is less than 30 is 0.118.
(a) Find P(30 < T < 46). [2]
(b) (i) Find σ , the standard deviation of T .
(ii) Hence find the probability that an employee selected at random spends more than 60 minutes travelling to
work. [5]
A group of 12 employees of the company is selected at random. Let X represent the number of employees in the group
who spend more than 60 minutes travelling to work.
(c) Find E[X]. [3]
(d) Find the probability that exactly four employees in the group spend more than 60 minutes travelling to work. [2]
An employee selected at random spends less than 60 minutes travelling to work.
(e) Find the probability that their travelling time is between 30 minutes and 46 minutes. [3]
Question 112 HARD
[Maximum mark: 12]
Let X and Y be normally distributed with X ∼ N(70, σ 2 ) and Y ∼ N(80, σ 2 ).
(a) Find k such that P(X > k) = P(Y < k). [2]
(b) Given that P(X > 80) = 0.1056, find σ . [4]
(c) Hence, find P(87 < Y < 96). [2]
One hundred flowers are planted in a garden bed and Y , measured in cm, represents the stem length of randomly
selected flowers. Flowers that have a stem length between 87 cm and 96 cm are picked for a bouquet and removed from
the garden bed. All other flowers remain in the garden bed.
(d) (i) Find the expected number of flowers that remain in the garden bed.
(ii) Find the probability that at least 90 flowers remain in the garden bed. [4]
Question 113 HARD
[Maximum mark: 13]
Ali works at an amusement park on a small island in Indonesia. Ali drives from his home to the ferry depature terminal
and then catches the ferry to the island. The time that it takes him, T1 minutes, to drive from his home to the ferry is

normally distributed with T1 ∼ N(16, 42 ).

Ali always leaves his house at 07:40. The first ferry that he can catch departs at 08:00.
(a) Find the probability that it will take Ali between 20 to 30 minutes to drive to the ferry. Round your answer to 4
The length of time, T2 minutes, of the ferry journey to the island is normally distributed with T2 ∼ N(25, σ 2 ). The

probability that the ferry journey takes less than 30 minutes is 0.9520.
(b) Find σ . Round your answer to 1 significant figure. [3]
(c) Find the probability that the ferry journey takes less than 20 minutes. [2]
If Ali misses the first ferry, he can take another one which departs at 08:10. He must arrive at work by 08:30 to be on
time. He will not make it to the island if he misses both ferries. The variables T1 and T2 are independent.

(d) Find the probability that Ali will arrive to work on time. Round your answer to 4 significant figures. [4]
This year, Ali will go to work on 214 days.
(e) Calculate the number of days Ali is expected to arrive at work on time. [2]
Question 114 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
The volumes, in mL, of olive oil bottles can be modelled by a normal distribution, with mean 508 mL and standard
deviation 12 mL.
(a) Find the probability that a randomly selected bottle has a volume less than 500 mL. Round your answer to 3
(b) The probability that a randomly selected bottle has a volume greater than v mL is 0.366. Find the value of v . [2]
(c) A bottle is randomly selected. Given that the bottle has a volume greater than 500 mL, find the probability that it
has a volume greater than 520 mL. Round your answer to 3 significant figures. [3]
(d) From a random sample of 200 bottles, determine to the nearest integer the number of bottles that would be
expected to have a volume within 2 standard deviations of the mean. [4]
(e) The bottles of olive oil are delivered to supermarkets in packs of 30. Determine the probability that at least 5
bottles from a randomly selected pack have a volume less than 495 mL. Round your answer to 3 significant figures. [4]
Question 115 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
Tom enters a tennis competition where he plays three matches every day. The results of each match are independent of
each other. Let A be the number of matches Tom wins on any given day of the competition. The probability
distribution for A can be modelled by the following table.
(b) (i) A day is chosen at random. Write down the probability that Tom wins every match he plays.
(ii) The competition goes for four days. Find the probability that Tom wins every match on exactly three of
these days. [4]
Clare enters the same tennis competition. Let B be the number of matches Clare wins on any given day of the
competition. The probability distribution for B can be modelled by the following table.
(c) Find E[B]. [3]
On the final day of the competition, both Tom and Clare play their three respective matches and their results are
independent. The number of wins Tom and Clare obtain are then added together to form a total of six.
(d) (i) Find the probability that they win more than four matches combined.
(ii) Given that they win more than four matches combined, find the probability that Clare won all of her
matches. [6]
Question 116 HARD
[Maximum mark: 11]
Mia and Oliver play a game with a box containing two green marbles and three blue marbles. Each player in turn
randomly selects a marble from the box, notes its color and replaces it. Mia wins the game if she selects a green marble
and Oliver wins the game if he selects a blue marble. Mia starts the game.
Find the probability that
(a) Mia wins on her first turn; [1]
(b) Mia wins on her second turn; [2]
(c) Oliver wins on one of his first three turns; [4]
(d) Oliver eventually wins. [4]
Question 117 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
Bag A contains a large number of tokens. Each token is numbered 1, 2, 3 or 4. A token is selected from the bag and the
following table shows the probability distribution of the score, X , obtained.
(b) Hence, find the value of E(X). [2]
Bag B also contains a large number of tokens, each numbered 1, 2, 3 or 4. A token is selected from the bag and the
following table shows the probability distribution of the score, Y , obtained.
(c) State the range of possible values of s. [3]
(d) Hence, find the range of possible values of E(Y ). [3]
A token is selected simultaneously from Bag A and Bag B. The probability of obtaining tokens showing the same score
is equal to 0.24.
(e) Calculate E(Y ). [5]
Question 118 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
A pencil manufacturer measures the length, L mm, of their new batch of pencils. The lengths of the pencils are normally
distributed, where L ∼ N(110, σ 2 ).
(a) Find P(110 − 2σ < L < 110 + σ). [3]
The probability that the length of a pencil is less than 116 mm is 0.95.
(b) Find the value of σ . [3]
All pencils with length at least k mm are classified as large pencils.
(c) A pencil is chosen at random. The probability it is a large pencil is 0.6. Find the value of k . [3]
(d) (i) A pencil is chosen at random from the large pencils. Find the probability that the length of this pencil is less
than 111 mm.
(ii) Twenty pencils are chosen at random from the large pencils. Find the probability that at least three pencils
have a length less than 111 mm. [6]
Question 119 HARD
[Maximum mark: 15]
A health study on body fat percentage is conducted on adult male participants in two dietary groups. The participants
in Group A consume less than 52 grams of sugar daily. Their body fat percentages are normally distributed with mean
15% and standard deviation 3%.
(a) A person is selected at random from Group A. Find the probability that their body fat percentage is greater than
20%. [2]
The participants in Group B consume more than 52 grams of sugar daily. Their body fat percentages are normally
distributed with mean 24% and standard deviation σ%.
(b) The probability that the body fat percentage of a person in Group B is less than 20% is 0.0548, find the value of σ . [4]
In the study, there are 160 participants in Group A and 80 participants in Group B.
(c) A randomly selected participant has a body fat percentage greater than 20%. Find the probability that the
participant is in Group A. [6]
(d) Twelve of the participants with body fat percentages greater than 20% are selected at random. Find the
probability that at least two of them are in Group A. [3]
Question 120 HARD
[Maximum mark: 12]
Farmer Hitoshi grows Kamo eggplants and the weights of his eggplants are normally distributed with a mean of 284 g
and standard deviation of 66 g.
(a) (i) Calculate the percentage of Hitoshi's eggplants that weigh between 230 g and 320 g.
(ii) Hitoshi has 150 eggplants to take to market. Find the expected number of eggplants weighing more than 320
g. Give your answer correct to the nearest integer.
(iii) Find the probability that at least 45 of the 150 eggplants weigh more than 320 g. [6]
Farmer Antonio grows Barbarella eggplants and the weights of his eggplants are normally distributed with a mean of
402 g. Antonio only takes to market eggplants that weigh more than 320 g. Over a period of time, Antonio finds that he
has to reject 1 in 12 eggplants due to them being underweight.
(b) (i) Find the standard deviation of the weights of Antonio's eggplants.
(ii) Antonio has 250 eggplants to take to the market. Find the expected number of eggplants weighing more than
410 g. Give your answer correct to the nearest integer. [6]
Question 121 HARD

[Maximum mark: 21]
Ten balls numbered 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 are placed in a bag. Balls are taken one at a time from the bag at random and
the number noted.
Throughout the question a ball is always replaced before the new ball is taken.
(a) A single ball is taken from the bag. Let X denote the value shown on the ball. Find E[X]. [2]
(b) Three balls are taken from the bag. Find the probability that:
(i) the sum of the three numbers is 9;
(ii) the median of the three numbers is 3. [6]
(c) Twelve balls are taken from the bag. Find the probability that more than five of the balls are numbered 2. [3]
(d) Determine the least number of balls that must be taken from the bag for the probability of taking out at least one
ball numbered 5 to be greater than 0.9. [3]
(e) Another bag also contains balls numbered 2, 3 or 5. Nine balls are to be taken from this bag at random. It is
calculated that the expected number of balls numbered 2 is 4.5, and the variance of the number of balls numbered
3 is 1.25. Find the least possible number of balls numbered 5 in this bag. [7]
Question 122 HARD
[Maximum mark: 22]
Ten balls numbered 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4 are placed in a bag. Balls are taken one at a time from the bag at random and
the number noted.
Throughout the question a ball is always replaced before the new ball is taken.
(a) A single ball is taken from the bag. Let X denote the value shown on the ball. Find E[X]. [2]
(b) Three balls are taken from the bag. Find the probability that:
(i) the sum of the three numbers is 8;
(ii) the median of the three numbers is 4. [6]
(c) Fifteen balls are taken from the bag. Find the probability that less than six of the balls are numbered 3. [3]
(d) Find the least number of balls that must be taken from the bag for the probability of taking out at least one ball
numbered 4 to be greater than 0.95. [3]
(e) Another bag also contains balls numbered 1, 2, 3 or 4. Twenty balls are to be taken from this bag at random. It is
calculated that the expected number of balls numbered 2 is 2.5, the expected number of balls numbered 3 is 5, and
the variance of the number of balls numbered 1 is 1.8. Find the least possible number of balls numbered 4 in this
bag. [8]
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3/23/23, 3:26 PM IB Math AA SL Questionbank - Statistics & Probability

May 2022 Past Paper video solutions now available!

Find the time achieved by the fourth sprinter.

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) Write down the median. [1]

(b) Find the interquartile range. [3]

(c) Complete the frequency table below. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) Write down the median commute time. [1]

The range is 23 minutes, and the interquartile range is 10 minutes.

(b) Find the value of:

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

Key: 2 | 3 represents 23 minutes

(a) (i) Write down the number of students in Jake's class.

(b) (i) Write down the value of q .

(ii) The interquartile range is 13. Find the value of p. [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

Find the mean of the remaining 21 test scores.

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) Write down the value of r. [1]

(b) Find the value of:

(c) Find P(B). [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) Find the mean score for the class. [2]

(b) Write down the median score. [1]

(c) Write down the number of students who scored:

(ii) below the median score. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

Consider the following frequency table.

(a) (i) Write down the mode.

(ii) Find the value of the range. [3]

(b) (i) Find the mean.

(ii) Find the variance. [4]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) Find the median length. [2]

(b) (i) Write down the value of q .

(ii) Find the value of p. [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(i) Find the value of a and the value of b.

(ii) Estimate the number of soda cans purchased on a day when

(b) Find the value of r, the correlation coefficient. [1]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(i) Find the value of a and the value of b.

(b) Find the value of r, the correlation coefficient. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) Find the correlation coefficient. [2]

The data can be modelled by the regression line with equation y = ax + b.

(b) Write down the value of a and the value of b. [2]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

One blogger from the group is chosen at random.

(b) Find the probability that the blogger:

(ii) use either Facebook or Twitter, but not both. [4]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) Find P(A ∩ B). [2]

(b) Find P(A ∪ B). [2]

The following Venn diagram shows events A and B .

(c) (i) Shade in the region that represents B ∩ A′ .

(ii) Find P(B ∩ A′ ). [3]

Formula Booklet Mark Scheme Solutions Mark complete

(a) Write down P(X < 84). [1]

3.4 8.5 10 11.6 14 16.2 19 21.4 25.8 37.1