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STD 5 Unit 7 Simple Machines Study Material

1) Simple machines are simple tools that make work easier. They include the lever, pulley, inclined plane, wheel and axle, screw, and wedge. 2) A lever is a simple machine made of a bar that rotates around a fulcrum. It is used to lift or move heavy objects using less force. 3) A pulley is a wheel or set of wheels that a rope or chain is pulled through to lift or lower heavy objects, reducing the amount of energy needed.

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216 views6 pages

STD 5 Unit 7 Simple Machines Study Material

1) Simple machines are simple tools that make work easier. They include the lever, pulley, inclined plane, wheel and axle, screw, and wedge. 2) A lever is a simple machine made of a bar that rotates around a fulcrum. It is used to lift or move heavy objects using less force. 3) A pulley is a wheel or set of wheels that a rope or chain is pulled through to lift or lower heavy objects, reducing the amount of energy needed.

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Cool Writz
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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    VIDYALAYA STD V UNIT 7 SIMPLE

ATUL MACHINES

STUDY MATERIAL-7

Simple machines

We say that work is done when objects are made


to move using some force. A machine is a tool
used to make work easier. Simple machines are
simple tools. Complex machines have two (or)
more simple machines working together.
There are different types of simple machine:
lever, pulley, inclined plane, wheel and axle,
screw and wedge.

Lever load             
effort*/ .
A lever is a simple machine made up of a fulcrum *
straight bar that rotates around a pivot (point)
known as fulcrum. All levers have two parts,
the bar and the fulcrum. In a lever, force is           
(a lever operated to lift a heavyload              
applied on one end to move the object at the other
end. Lever is used to
move or lift heavy objects. The force applied is
called effort. The object at the other end is called
load.

Pulley
A pulley is a wheel or a set of wheels
over which a rope or a chain is pulled to
lift or lower heavy objects. The rope fits
into the groove on the wheel. Pulleys are
used in big factories and machines to
make them work without using a lot of a pulley in a well
energy. Water from a well is drawn out
using a rope and pulley. Wells have a
single fixed pulley wheel. A movable
pulley can have two or more wheels.

Wheel and axle


A wheel is usually connected to a rod, for #
example, wheels on
cycles, scooters, and cars. The rod is called an
axle. An axle
                                                  wheel and axle
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and wheel together make a simple machine. The
axle makes
the wheels to move. The steering wheel in a car is
attached to
the axle of the front wheels. Wheels that have
teeth and interlock with other
wheels are called gears.

Inclined plane
The inclined plane is a sloping plane surface set
at an angle, other than a
right angle, against a horizontal surface. It is a
simple machine which makes it
easy to move a heavy object to a higher elevation.
It reduces the amount offeree needed to lift the
object. A ramp is an inclined plane with gentle
incline. In places like hospitals, ramps are used as
an
alternative for staircase or when the lift fails to
work;
stretchers and wheelchairs are pushed up ramps. .   
,.      , „,
                 an
inclined plane

Screw
A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a
cylinder in the form of a spiral. A screw has a
groove or thread formed on its surface and a
provision at one end to turn the screw. A screw is
a screw
used to hold things together tightly. The jack used
for lifting vehicles is an example for inclined plane
.
A wedge has two inclined planes, which meet
rec
at a sharp edge. This sharp edge is used to cut al
or force a surface apart. Examples of a wedge
are axe, knife, and razor blade. A woodcutter
uses an axe while cutting a tree.

l -Force is a push or pull that can cause an object to


move.
-Work is done when you transfer energy to an
object by applying force.
        -The force exerted by the earth on an object is
called gravity.
  - Complex machines have two (or) more simple
machines working together.
                      - All levers have two parts: the bar and the
fulcrum.
    - A wheel is connected to a rod and the rod is
called axle.
    - A wedge has two inclined planes.                           
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Exercises
1.Choose the correct answer.
(a)......................... makes an object to move. (Force /
Power)
(b) The force exerted by the earth is
(frictional / gravitation) force.
(c) Lever is an example of a........................(simple /
complex) machine.
(d) Ramp is an....................................................(screw
/ inclined plane)
(e) Fulcrum is a part of ..........................(wedge /
lever)
2. Answer briefly.

(a) What is a lever? Mention its parts.


(b) What is a pulley? Mention its uses.
(c) What is a wedge? Give an example.
5. Answer in detail.
(a) Define simple machines and write about
wheel and axle, and inclined plane.

Activity
List out the machines used at home. Classify them as
simple and complex machines (for example, a pair of
scissors — simple machine; mixie — complex
machine.

Fun Time!
Crossw
ord
Puzzle
Across
1. Tendency to move
(or) stop (or) change
the shape and direction
of the body.
2. This makes the
work easy
3. A simple machine
which has ridges
Down
3. This is a part of the
lever.
4. It is a wheel with a
rope around it
4p

^ E
F
^
Y
3
W
S M

                                                                     
Pg-3

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