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Discrete Math Lab 1

This document provides an overview of chapter 1 of a discrete math textbook, which covers logic and proofs. It includes examples of propositions and their truth values, an explanation of common logical connectives like conjunction, disjunction, implication and their truth tables, and practice problems evaluating conditional and compound statements using truth tables. The document is intended as a tutorial for students to learn the basics of propositional logic.

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Kareem Ahmed
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
145 views

Discrete Math Lab 1

This document provides an overview of chapter 1 of a discrete math textbook, which covers logic and proofs. It includes examples of propositions and their truth values, an explanation of common logical connectives like conjunction, disjunction, implication and their truth tables, and practice problems evaluating conditional and compound statements using truth tables. The document is intended as a tutorial for students to learn the basics of propositional logic.

Uploaded by

Kareem Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Discrete Math

Ch1: Logic and Proofs


Tutorial 1
section 1.1

Eng. Fatma Hossam


1) Which of these sentences are propositions?
What are the truth values of those that are
propositions?

a) Boston is the capital of Massachusetts.


b) 2 + 3 = 5.
c) 5 + 7 = 10.
d) x + 2 = 11.
e) Answer this question.

2
Compound Propositions, constructed from logical connectives and other propositions

Conjunction (AND) (∧) Disjunction (inclusive or) (∨)


p q p∧q p q p∨q
T T T T T T
T F F T F T
F T F F T T
F F F F F F

Exclusive or(XOR) (⊕) Implication (if, then ) (→)


p q p→q
p q p⊕q
T T T
T T F
T F F
T F T
F T T
F T T
F F T
F F F
p q p↔q
T T T
Biconditional (if and only if) (↔) T F F
F T F
3
F F T
4
Truth table for Truth table for Truth table for
1 proposition 2 propositions 3 propositions
(2^1=2 rows) (2^2=4 rows) (2^3=8 rows)
P P Q P Q R
T T T T T T
F T F T T F
F T T F T
F F T F F
F T T
F T F
F F T
F F F
P Q R S
T T T T
T T T F
T T F T
T T F F
T F T T
Truth table for T F T F
4 propositions
T F F T
(2^4=16 rows)
T F F F
F T T T
F T T F
F T F T
F T F F
F F T T
F F T F
F F F T
F F F F
5) What is the negation of each of these
propositions?

a) Mai has an MP3 player.


b) There is no pollution in New Jersey.
c) 2 + 1 = 3.
d) The summer in Italy is hot and sunny.

7
8) Suppose that Smartphone A has 256 MB RAM and 32 GB ROM, and the
resolution of its camera is 8 MP; Smartphone B has 288 MB RAM and 64
GB ROM, and the resolution of its camera is 4 MP; and Smartphone C has
128 MB RAM and 32 GB ROM, and the resolution
of its camera is 5 MP. Determine the truth value of each of these
propositions.

a) Smartphone B has the most RAM of these three smartphones.


b) Smartphone C has more ROM or a higher resolution camera than
Smartphone B.
c) Smartphone B has more RAM, more ROM, and a higher resolution
camera than Smartphone A.
d) If Smartphone B has more RAM and more ROM than Smartphone C,
then it also has a higher resolution camera.
e) Smartphone A has more RAM than Smartphone B if and only if
Smartphone B has more RAM than Smartphone A.

Assignment 8
13) Let p and q be the propositions
p: It is below freezing.
q: It is snowing.
Write these propositions using p and q and logical connectives
(including negations).
a) It is below freezing and snowing.
b) It is below freezing but not snowing.
c) It is not below freezing and it is not snowing.
d) It is either snowing or below freezing (or both).
e) If it is below freezing, it is also snowing.
f ) Either it is below freezing or it is snowing, but it is not
snowing if it is below freezing.
g) That it is below freezing is necessary and sufficient for it
to be snowing.
9
10) Let p and q be the propositions
p: I bought a lottery ticket this week.
q: I won the million dollar jackpot.
Express each of these propositions as an English sentence.

a) ¬p
b) p ∨ q
c) p → q
d) p ∧ q
e) p ↔ q Assignment
f ) ¬p → ¬q
g) ¬p ∧ ¬q
h) ¬p ∨ (p ∧ q)
10
18) Determine whether these bi-conditionals are
true or false. p q p↔q
T T T
T F F
a) 2 + 2 = 4 if and only if 1 + 1 = 2. F T F
b) 1 + 1 = 2 if and only if 2 + 3 = 4. F F T

c) 1 + 1 = 3 if and only if monkeys can fly.


d) 0 > 1 if and only if 2 > 1.

11
21) For each of these sentences, determine whether
an inclusive or, or an exclusive.

a) Coffee or tea comes with dinner.


b) A password must have at least three digits or be at least eight
characters long.
c) The prerequisite for the course is a course in number theory or
a course in cryptography.
d) You can pay using U.S. dollars or euros.

Inclusive OR Exclusive OR
p q p∨q p q p⊕q
T T T T T F c and d, Assignment
T F T T F T
F T T F T T
F F F F F F 12
29) State the converse, contrapositive, and inverse of
each of these conditional statements.
q →p ,is the converse of p →q
¬q → ¬p ,is the contrapositive of p →q
¬p → ¬q ,is the inverse of p →q

a) If it snows today, I will ski tomorrow.


b) I come to class whenever there is going to be a
quiz.

B, Assignment
13
14
33) Construct a truth table for each of these
compound propositions.

a) p ∧ ¬p
b) p ∨ ¬p
c) (p ∨ ¬q) → q
d) (p ∨ q) → (p ∧ q)
e) (p → q) ↔ (¬q → ¬p)
f ) (p → q) → (q → p)

E and F
Assignment
15
a) p ∧ ¬p b) p ∨ ¬p
p ¬p p ∧ ¬p P ¬p p ∨ ¬p
T F F T F T
F T F F T T

c) (p ∨ ¬q) → q
p q ¬q p ∨ ¬q (p ∨ ¬q) → q
T T F T T
T F T T F
F T F F T
F F T T F

d) (p ∨ q) → (p ∧ q)
p q p∨q p∧q (p ∨ q) → (p ∧ q)
T T T T T
T F T F F
F T T F F
F F F F T 16

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