B hsps//wn.guru99.com/intraduction-to-seleniumh.. What is Selenium? Introduction to Selenium Automation Testing ® Web Clip What is Selenium? Introduction to Selenium Automation Testing By Krishna Rungta @ Updated February 11, 2023 What is Selenium? Selenium is a free (open-source) automated testing framework used to validate web applications across different browsers and platforms. You can use multiple programming languages like Java, C#, Python, etc to create Selenium Test Scripts. Testing done using the Selenium testing tool is usually referred to as. Selenium Testing. Table of Content: Selenium Tool Suite Selenium Software is not just a single tool but a suite of software, each piece catering to different Selenium QA testing needs of an organization. Here is the list of tools * Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) * Selenium Remote Control (RC) * WebDriver + Selenium GridSelenium Suite Selenium Selenium i Selenium IDE RC Webbriver Grid Selenium 2 New & Improved At the moment, Selenium RC and WebDriver are merged into a single framework to form Selenium 2. Selenium 1, by the way, refers to Selenium RC. Video Tutorial SeleniumClick here if the video is not accessible Who developed Selenium? Since Selenium is a collection of different tools, it also had different developers. Below are the key persons who made notable contributions to the Selenium Project Primarily, Selenium was created by Jason Huggins in 2004. An engineer at houghtWorks, he was working on a web lapplication that required frequent testing. Having realized that their application's repetitious Manual Testing was becoming increasingly inefficient, he created a JavaScript program that would automatically control the browser's actions. He named this program the “JavaScriptTestRunner.” Seeing potential in this idea to help automate other web applications, he made JavaScriptRunner open-source, which was later re-named Selenium Core. EXPLORE MORE Learn Java Programming with Beginners Tutorial 08:32 Linux Tutorial for Beginners: Introduction The Same Origin Policy Issue ‘Same Origin policy prohibits JavaScript code from accessing elements from a domain that is different from where it was launched. Example, the HTML code in www.google.com uses a JavaScript program “randomScript,js”. The same origin policy will only allow randomScript.js to access pages within google.com such as google.com/mail, google.com/login, or google.com/signup. However, it cannot access pages from different sites stich ac.wahan cam/seareh ar e1rii99 cam herance thaw helane ta differant damainsThis is the reason why prior to Selenium RC, testers needed to install local copies of both Selenium Core (a JavaScript program) and the web server containing the web application being tested so they would belong to the same domain Birth of Selenium Remote Control (Selenium RC) Unfortunately; testers using Selenium Core had to install the wholeapplication under test and the web server on their own local computers because of the restrictions imposed by the same origin policy. So another ThoughtWork’s engineer, Paul Hammant, decided to create a server that will act as an HTTP proxy to “trick” the browser into believing that Selenium Core and the web application being tested come from the same domain. This system became known as the Selenium Remote Control or Selenium 1. Birth of Selenium Grid Selenium Grid was developed by Patrick Lightbody to address the need of minimizing test execution times as much as possible. He initially called the system “Hosted QA.” It was capable of capturing browser screenshots during significant stages, and also of sending out Selenium commands to different machines simultaneously. Birth of Selenium IDE Shinya Kasatani of Japan created Selenium IDE, a Firefox and Chrome extension that can automate the browser through a record-and-playback feature. He came up with this idea to. further increase the speed in creating test cases. He donated Selenium IDE to the Selenium Project in 2006. Birth of WebDriver Simon Stewart created WebDriver circa 2006 when browsers and webapplications were becoming more powerful and more restrictive with JavaScript programs like Selenium Core. It was the first cross-platform testing framework that could control the browser from the OS level. Birth of Selenium 2 In 2008, the whole Selenium Team decided to merge WebDriver and Selenium RC to form a more powerful tool called Selenium 2, with WebDriver being the core. Currently, Selenium RC is still being developed but only in maintenance mode. Most of the Selenium Project's efforts are now focused on Selenium 2. So, Why the Name Selenium? The Name Selenium came from a joke that Jason cracked once to his team. During Selenium’s development, another automated testing framework was popular made by the company called Mercury Interactive (yes, the company who originally made QTP before it was acquired by HP). Since Selenium is a well-known antidote for Mercury poisoning, Jason suggested that name and his teammates took it. So that is how we got to call this framework up to the present. What is Selenium IDE? Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is the simplest framework in the Salaniium ciiite and ic tha aaciact ana ta laarn It ica Chrama and Eivafay nluain that vatsVerein) Sune Uri to Mie CelsIESE WHE Ke eet Hn 1G U Cin ernte annte ymin palpi cies you can install as easily as you can with other plugins. However, because of its simplicity, Selenium IDE should only be used as a prototyping tool. if you want to create more advanced test cases, you will need to use either Selenium RC or WebDriver. What is Selenium Remote Control (Selenium RC)? Selenium RC was the flagship testing framework of the whole Selenium project for a long time. This is the first automated web testing tool that allows users to use a programming language they prefer. As of version 2.25.0, RC can support the following programming languages: © Java ° CH @ PHP * Python * Perl © RubyWhat is WebDriver? The WebDriver proves to be better than Selenium IDE and Selenium RC in many aspects. It implements a more modern and stable approach in automating the browser’s actions. Webbriver, unlike Selenium RC, does not rely on JavaScript for Selenium Automation Testing. It controls the browser by directly communicating with it. The supported languages are the same as those in Selenium RC. * Java * C4 * PHP * Python * Perl © RubyWhat is Selenium Grid? Selenium Grid is a tool used together with Selenium RC to run parallel tests across different machines and different browsers all at the same time, Parallel execution means running multiple tests at once. Features: * Enables simultaneous running of tests in multiple browsers and environments. © Saves time enormously. * Utilizes the hub-and-nodes concept. The hub acts as a central source of Selenium commands to each node connected to it. Selenium Browser and Environment Support Because of their architectural differences, Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, and WebDriver support different sets of browsers and operating environments. Selenium IDE WebDriver Google Chrome 12+ Firefox Rrauear Mogilla Firafay and Nateen at PealSupport. Operating System Chrome Windows, Mac OSX, Linux Note: Opera Driver no longer works How to Choose the Right Sele: Tool Selenium IDE Selenium RC Why Choose? imernec explorer > anu cuge Safari, HtmlUnit and PhantomUnit All operating systems where the browsers above can run. m Tool for Your Need * To learn about concepts on automated testing and Selenium, including: * Selenese commands such as type, open, clickAndWait, assert, verify, etc. * Locators such as id, name, xpath, css selector, etc. * Executing customized JavaScript code using runScript * Exporting test cases in various formats. * To create tests with little or no prior knowledge in programming. * To create simple test cases and test suites that you can export later to RC or WebDriver. To test a web application against Firefox and Chrome only. To design a test using a more expressive language than Selenese * Torun your test against different browsers (except HtmlUnit) on different operating systems. To deploy your tests across multiple environments using Selenium Grid. To test your application against a new browser that supports JavaScript. To test web applications with complex AJAX-based scenarios.* To use a certain programming language in designing your test case. * To test applications that are rich in AJAX-based functionalities. Webbriver * To execute tests on the HtmlUnit browser. * To create customized test results. * Torun your Selenium RC scripts in multiple browsers and operating Selenium systems simultaneously. Grid * Torun a huge test suite, that needs to complete in the soonest time possible, A Comparison between Selenium and QTP(now UFT) Quick Test Professional(QTP) is a proprietary automated testing tool previously owned by the company Mercury Interactive before Hewlett-Packard acquired it in 2006. Its later owner is MicroFocus and the tool is renamed UFT one, The Selenium Tool Suite has many advantages over QTP as detailed below - Advantages and Benefits of Selenium over QTP Selenium QTP Open source, free to use, . Commercial. and free of charge. Highly extensible Limited add-ons Can run tests across Can only run tests in Firefox, Internet Explorer and different browsers Chrome Si rt ‘ious operatin; upports various operating an only be used in Windows systems QTP Supports Mobile app test automation (iOS & Android) Supports mobile devices . ° using HP solution called - HP Mobile Center Can execute tests while the Needs to have the application under test to be visible on thebrowser is mi ized Can execute tests in parallel desktop Can only execute in parallel but using Quality Center which is again a paid product. Advantages of QTP over Selenium qr Can test both web and desktop applications repository Automates faster than Selenium because it is a fully featured IDE. Data-driven testing is easier to perform in global and because it has buil local data tables. Can access controls within the browser(such as the Favorites bar, Address bar, Back and Forward buttons, etc.) Provides professional customer support Has native capability to export test data into external formats Parameterization Support is built Test Reports are generated automatically Selenium Can only test web applications Has no built-in object repository Automates at a slower rate because it does not havea native IDE, and only third-party IDE can be used for development. Data-driven testing is more cumbersome since you have to rely on the programming language's capabilities for setting values for your test data Cannot access elements outside of the web application under test No official user support is being offered. Has no native capability to export runtime data onto external formats Parameterization can be done via programming butis difficult to implement. No native support to generate test /bug reports.Though clearly, QTP has more advanced capabilities, Selenium outweighs QTP in three main areas: * Cost(because Selenium is completely free) * Flexibility(because of a number of programming languages, browsers, and