Unit 2: Laser and Applications: September 5, 2018 Prof. Reji Thomas DRC-DRD
Unit 2: Laser and Applications: September 5, 2018 Prof. Reji Thomas DRC-DRD
Unit 2: Laser and Applications: September 5, 2018 Prof. Reji Thomas DRC-DRD
LECTURE 4
Planck’s law
Prof. Reji Thomas DRC-DRD September 5, 2018
Revision Lecture 2
1. Population inversion
2. High photon density
3. Metastable state
a)True
b)False
Ans: A
Prof. Reji Thomas DRC-DRD September 5, 2018
8
a) < 10-8 s
b) > 10-6 s
c) ~106 s
d) ~10 s
Ans: A
Prof. Reji Thomas DRC-DRD September 5, 2018
9
a) < 10-8 s
b) between 10-6 -10-3 s
c) ~106 s
d) ~10 s
Ans: B
Prof. Reji Thomas DRC-DRD September 5, 2018
LECTURE SCHEDULE
1. Coherence
Identical photon emitted through
stimulated emission are in phase
with each other..
2. Monochromaticity
Electromagnetic radiation (light) of a single wavelength.
3. Collimation
3.1 Directionality
• Cylindrical resonant cavity ensure light parallel to the cavity
axis, so LASER light source emit light only in one direction
Conventional sources spread light in LASER source light propagates in the form of
the form of spherical wave front and plane wave front and hence very less divergent.
hence highly divergent If at all it exist it is due to the diffraction at the
exit window.
1. Ruby laser.
i. First laser invented in 1960 by Theodore Maiman
ii. Three level laser
iii. Ruby crystal (Al2O3) with 0.05% Cr active centers
2. Nd-YAG Laser
i. Most popular type of solid state laser
ii. Four level Laser
iii. Nd- YAl5O12
ND:YAG LASER
Operates in the IR region at a wavelength of about 1060 nm. Many industrial
application such as welding, drilling , in surgery etc..
LASER Diode: Portable, need only low input power and operate Operates
in the IR to UV region. Widely used nowadays, in fiber optic
communication, CD players, CR-ROM drives, high speed laser printing..
Si and Ge are indirect band gap material and hence not used
Quick Quiz
a) Coherence
b) Monochromaticity
c) Collimation
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
a) Ruby Laser
b) CO2 Laser
c) He-Ne Laser
d) Nd-YAG Laser
a) CO2 Laser
b) He-Ne Laser
c) Nd-YAG Laser
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
September 5,
Prof. Reji Thomas DRC-DRD
2018
LECTURE SCHEDULE