Air Blower
Air Blower
Air Blower
EXP-TL 03
1 INTRODUCTION
A centrifugal blower is a motor or pump that moves air us-
ing centrifugal force created by the rotation of an impeller that
pulls air or fluids into the blower and pushes it out through the
blower’s outlet. Centrifugal Air Blowers use the kinetic energy
of their impellers to increase the volume of an air stream. While a
fan circulates air around an entire room, or space, a blower circu-
lates the air only on the specific or pointed area. So, maintaining
low pressure is the key to how Centrifugal Air Blowers work. A
blower has components like casing, an impeller (with forward,
backward or curved vanes) and a diffuser. Casing decides the
size and pressure rise in the system and impeller which is having
rotary motion, has functional role in energy transfer. The prime
application of an air blower is in air-conditioning, Furnace, low
pressure cooling and dust or fame extraction system because they
can achieve high pressure compared to fans.
2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Centrifugal blower have bodies, motors, and impeller (dif-
fuser). The setup comes with three type of impellers: a vane with
a radial curve, a forward curve, and a backward curve. Blow-
ers are turbomachines that produce air at the desired high ve-
locity (and thus at a high mass flow rate) but at a relatively low
static pressure. A blower is made up of an impeller with fixed
blades that are positioned between the inner and outer diameters.
The prime mover’s shaft extension is where the impeller can be
mounted directly, or it can be mounted separately on a shaft that
FIGURE 2: The barometer
is supported by two more bearings. In addition to connecting
a u-tube manometer there, a venturi metre is utilised to moni-
tor static pressure. Input power of the motor is calculated using
dynamometer (Figure 3 ) and energy meter . For measuring the
inlet and outlet temperatures, we use thermocouples. Thermo- valve is available at the air outlet for altering the discharge and
couples are the temperature sensors which are extensively used head. We use a barometer to measure the exit pressure (Figure 2
for the measurement of the temperature variations. Thermocou- )
ples working principle is based on Seebeck effect. A butterfly
2.2 Procedure
1. Start the blower with no load condition by keeping the valve
at fully closed condition.
2. Note down the readings of dynamomter, manometric read-
ing for static pressure and across the venturimeter at fully
closed condition.
3. Note the speed of motor and load on dynamometer and time
for 10 impulses of energy meter and inlet temperature of the
fluid.
4. Now gradually start opening the delivery valve and note
down the corresponding values of static pressure, hydro-
static pressure, load on dynamometer, speed of the motor
and corresponding inlet of temperature.
5. Repeat the experiment for different different sets of delivery
FIGURE 3: The dynamometer used valve locations.
6. Finally note down the readings at fully opened condition and
turned off the blower.
2.1 Theory 7. Through observation sample, obtain coefficient of discharge,
Fluid dynamics is the foundation of the theory behind cen- discharge velocity of fluid, dynamic pressure head, static
trifugal blowers. An impeller, which is a rotating wheel with head and finally output power of the motor.
radial blades, is used by a centrifugal blower to transport fluid or
air. A region of low pressure is created at the center of the wheel
and a region of high pressure is created at the periphery when the 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
impeller rotates, pushing the fluid or air away from the center of Centrifugal air blower is kind of machine used in various
the wheel. A fluid or air flow via the blower is produced by this industrial purposes especially in creating high pressure chamber
pressure difference. in laboratories. In this experiment, we noted down the readings
Through the blower’s input, liquid or air is taken in and di- of various parameters at different different locations of delivery
rected onto the impeller’s blades. The air or fluid is accelerated valve. Obtaining the values of sets of parameters we calculated
and flows at a higher velocity as it goes away from the impeller’s input power of the blower using dynamometer and and energy
center. After that, the liquid or air is guided in the desired di- meter and ouput power is obtained through determining total
rection as it leaves the blower through the output. Due to its head, dicharge velocity, coefficient of discharge. Average effi-
relative efficiency and affordability, the centrifugal blower is par- ciency of blower using dynamometer is found out to be 23.69%.
ticularly helpful for moving huge volumes of fluid or air at low
pressures. They are frequently utilized in industrial operations, Low efficiency of motor implies that input energy is not fully
HVAC ( Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning ) systems, and converting into output work as their must be heat dissipation hap-
other applications that call for air movement. The pressure ratio, pening.
or the ratio of the exit pressure to the inlet pressure, is a crucial
component of a centrifugal blower. The blower’s design, includ-
ing the impeller’s size, shape, and rotational speed, has an impact
on the pressure ratio. The volume flow rate, or the amount of
fluid or air that goes through the blower per unit of time, is an-
Calculation
FIGURE 4: Total Head vs Discharge For computing atmospheric pressure,
Pa
ρa = kg/m3
RT
FIGURE 5: Efficiency vs Discharge
9.9048 × 104
ρa = kg/m3
287.14 × 307
ρa = 1.123 kg/m3
Flow Measurement
Head across venturimeter,
ρw
Ha = Hw ×
ρa
1000
Ha = (86.4 − 17.4) × × 10−2
1.123
Ha = 613.33 m of air
FIGURE 6: Input Power vs Discharge
5
2.1 2945 32 11.3 49.2 6.4 433.5 6.8 440.3 0.09 11.6 1459.8 1991.2 450.2 22.6
2.6 2919 33 9.38 46.1 17.1 406.2 18.2 424.4 0.15 18.9 1791.4 2398.7 709.3 29.6
3.1 2910 34 8.13 37.1 38.6 326.9 41.1 368 0.22 28.4 2129.3 2767.5 923.9 33.4
3.6 2895 34 7.26 22.5 69 198.2 73.4 271.6 0.3 37.9 2460 3099.2 912 29.4
3.75 2889 35 6.82 12.9 89.4 113.7 95.1 208.8 0.34 43.2 2557.2 3299.1 797.9 24.2
Q Efficiency,
V=
A
V = 38.05m/s Output
η1 = × 100%
Input
960.40
η1 = × 100%
2458.7416
ρw η1 = 39.06 %
Hs = hs ×
ρa
1000
Hs = (65.1 − 40.6) × × 10−2
1.125
Using Energy meter
Hs = 217.77 m of air
10 3600
Dynamic Pressure Head, IP2 = × × 1000 WattsIP2 = 3099.17Watts
K t
V2
Hd = m of air Efficiency,
2g
Hd = 73.867 m of air
960.40
η2 = × 100%
3099.17
Total Head
η2 = 30.98 %
H = Hs + Hd m of air
H = 217.77 + 73.867
H = 291.637 m of air
Using Dynamometer
Input to the blower is given as,
2πNT
IP1 =
60
T = 3.6 × 230 × 10−3 N − m
IP1 = 2458.7416 Watts
p
X= S2 + R2
is used where
S = systematic error
R = Random error
To find the error in other dependent parameters we use the
equation
s 2 2
∂A ∂A
XA = (Xa ) + (Xb ) + ..
∂a ∂b
Q 0.019 m3 /s
H 7.57 m
OP 43.539 W
IP 94.516 W