Air Blower

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 7

REP: Thermal lab

EXP-TL 03

MULTI CYLINDER FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE TEST RIG

Shiva Yadav, Sai Koushik, Sourajyoti Ghosh


Srishti Gupta, Sujit A S, Tanjoy Banikya, Surojit Maji
Group B8
B.Tech Aerospace Engineering, 4th semester
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST)
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547

ABSTRACT ρw density of water (kg/m3 )


ρa Density of air (kg/m3 )
The centrifugal air blower is a motor or pump that circu- ma Mass of air intake Kg/s
lates air by using the centrifugal force generated by the rotation m f Mass of fuel intake Kg/s
of an impeller. It is an essential component of many industries n no of revolutions for one cycle
and laboratories, handling everything from clean, dry gases or T or T6 Ambient temperature in Kelvin
light particulate-saturated gases to dust-loading centrifugal fans R Gas constant
and blowers. It has a number of blades positioned on a central Cd Coefficient of discharge of orifice
hub and is attached to a fan shaft. Centrifugal blowers are a t Time for 10 impulses in seconds
very effective and upkeep-free way to move large amounts of air Ha Head across venturimeter in meter
at high pressure, making them a popular choice for industrial ac- h Differential head across orifice in m of water
tivity. In this experiment, we examine the blower’s performance Q Discharge (m( 3)/s)
and plot the curves for backward vane with the goal of determin- V Velocity of air in pipe (m/s)
ing its efficiency. We use the manometer to compute the blower’s d Diameter of orifice in m
output power, while the dynamometer or the energy metre is used D Cylinder bore diameter in m
to calculate the input power. Efficiency calculations are a cru- L Stroke length in m
cial aspect of comprehending any equipment and aiding in its CV Calorific value of fuel (KJ/Kg)
improvement.
ao Area of orifice in m2
Keywords : Centrifugal air blower, efficiency, dynamome- Va Actual air flow in (m3 /s)
ter, manometer. Vs Swept volume (m3 /s)
C pw Specific heat of water in kJ/kg K
m1 Engine cooling water flow in kg/min
NOMENCLATURE m2 Calorimeter water flow in kg/min
N Engine speed in rpm C pg Specific heat of exhaust gas in kJ/kg K
W Load on dynamometer in kg T1 Exhaust gas Temperature at inlet of calorimeter in K
C Dynamometer constant T2 Exhaust gas Temperature at exit of calorimeter in K
t Time taken for 10cc of Fuel consumption in seconds T3 Inlet water Temperature in K
ρ Density of fuel in gm/ cc T4 Engine cooling water outlet Temperature in K
Pa atmospheric pressure (N/m2 ) T5 Calorimeter water outlet Temperature in K

1 Copyright © 2023 by ASME


H f Heat supplied by fuel in KJ/min
Hb Heat equivalent to useful work in KJ/min
Hc Heat carried by engine cooling jacket in KJ/min
Hg Heat carried by exhaust gas in KJ/min
Hu Heat unaccounted in KJ/min
FP Frictional Power (KW)
IP Indicated Power (KW)
BP Brake Power (KW)
TFC Total fuel consumption (Kg/hr)
BSFC Brake Specific fuel consumption (Kg/KW hr)
ηvol Volumetric Efficiency
ηb.th Brake Thermal efficiency
ηmech Mechanical efficiency FIGURE 1: The Experimental Setup
ηi.th Indicated Thermal efficiency

1 INTRODUCTION
A centrifugal blower is a motor or pump that moves air us-
ing centrifugal force created by the rotation of an impeller that
pulls air or fluids into the blower and pushes it out through the
blower’s outlet. Centrifugal Air Blowers use the kinetic energy
of their impellers to increase the volume of an air stream. While a
fan circulates air around an entire room, or space, a blower circu-
lates the air only on the specific or pointed area. So, maintaining
low pressure is the key to how Centrifugal Air Blowers work. A
blower has components like casing, an impeller (with forward,
backward or curved vanes) and a diffuser. Casing decides the
size and pressure rise in the system and impeller which is having
rotary motion, has functional role in energy transfer. The prime
application of an air blower is in air-conditioning, Furnace, low
pressure cooling and dust or fame extraction system because they
can achieve high pressure compared to fans.

2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Centrifugal blower have bodies, motors, and impeller (dif-
fuser). The setup comes with three type of impellers: a vane with
a radial curve, a forward curve, and a backward curve. Blow-
ers are turbomachines that produce air at the desired high ve-
locity (and thus at a high mass flow rate) but at a relatively low
static pressure. A blower is made up of an impeller with fixed
blades that are positioned between the inner and outer diameters.
The prime mover’s shaft extension is where the impeller can be
mounted directly, or it can be mounted separately on a shaft that
FIGURE 2: The barometer
is supported by two more bearings. In addition to connecting
a u-tube manometer there, a venturi metre is utilised to moni-
tor static pressure. Input power of the motor is calculated using
dynamometer (Figure 3 ) and energy meter . For measuring the
inlet and outlet temperatures, we use thermocouples. Thermo- valve is available at the air outlet for altering the discharge and
couples are the temperature sensors which are extensively used head. We use a barometer to measure the exit pressure (Figure 2
for the measurement of the temperature variations. Thermocou- )
ples working principle is based on Seebeck effect. A butterfly

2 Copyright © 2023 by ASME


other crucial factor. By altering the impeller’s speed or the input
or exit ports, the volume flow rate can be changed.
Because of their great efficiency, minimal noise, and low
cost, centrifugal blowers are generally utilized in many indus-
trial applications. In ducted applications like a home or conven-
tional office setting, centrifugal blowers are also employed for
high-volume air movements, such as warehouse exhaust or room
circulation. They can move enormous quantities of air or fluid at
low pressures and are dependable and simple to maintain.

2.2 Procedure
1. Start the blower with no load condition by keeping the valve
at fully closed condition.
2. Note down the readings of dynamomter, manometric read-
ing for static pressure and across the venturimeter at fully
closed condition.
3. Note the speed of motor and load on dynamometer and time
for 10 impulses of energy meter and inlet temperature of the
fluid.
4. Now gradually start opening the delivery valve and note
down the corresponding values of static pressure, hydro-
static pressure, load on dynamometer, speed of the motor
and corresponding inlet of temperature.
5. Repeat the experiment for different different sets of delivery
FIGURE 3: The dynamometer used valve locations.
6. Finally note down the readings at fully opened condition and
turned off the blower.
2.1 Theory 7. Through observation sample, obtain coefficient of discharge,
Fluid dynamics is the foundation of the theory behind cen- discharge velocity of fluid, dynamic pressure head, static
trifugal blowers. An impeller, which is a rotating wheel with head and finally output power of the motor.
radial blades, is used by a centrifugal blower to transport fluid or
air. A region of low pressure is created at the center of the wheel
and a region of high pressure is created at the periphery when the 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
impeller rotates, pushing the fluid or air away from the center of Centrifugal air blower is kind of machine used in various
the wheel. A fluid or air flow via the blower is produced by this industrial purposes especially in creating high pressure chamber
pressure difference. in laboratories. In this experiment, we noted down the readings
Through the blower’s input, liquid or air is taken in and di- of various parameters at different different locations of delivery
rected onto the impeller’s blades. The air or fluid is accelerated valve. Obtaining the values of sets of parameters we calculated
and flows at a higher velocity as it goes away from the impeller’s input power of the blower using dynamometer and and energy
center. After that, the liquid or air is guided in the desired di- meter and ouput power is obtained through determining total
rection as it leaves the blower through the output. Due to its head, dicharge velocity, coefficient of discharge. Average effi-
relative efficiency and affordability, the centrifugal blower is par- ciency of blower using dynamometer is found out to be 23.69%.
ticularly helpful for moving huge volumes of fluid or air at low
pressures. They are frequently utilized in industrial operations, Low efficiency of motor implies that input energy is not fully
HVAC ( Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning ) systems, and converting into output work as their must be heat dissipation hap-
other applications that call for air movement. The pressure ratio, pening.
or the ratio of the exit pressure to the inlet pressure, is a crucial
component of a centrifugal blower. The blower’s design, includ-
ing the impeller’s size, shape, and rotational speed, has an impact
on the pressure ratio. The volume flow rate, or the amount of
fluid or air that goes through the blower per unit of time, is an-

3 Copyright © 2023 by ASME


Appendix A: Sample calculation
Data Used
R = 287 J/Kg K
Arm length = 230 mm
ρw = 1000kg/m3
Cd = 0.9
d1 = 100 mm
d2 = 60 mm
K = 1600 Impulses / KWh

Calculation
FIGURE 4: Total Head vs Discharge For computing atmospheric pressure,

1.03 × 104 × lb × 9.81


Pa =
760
1.03 × 104 × 745 × 9.81
Pa =
760
Pa = 9.9048 × 104 N/m2

Density of air at the delivery condition,

Pa
ρa = kg/m3
RT
FIGURE 5: Efficiency vs Discharge
9.9048 × 104
ρa = kg/m3
287.14 × 307
ρa = 1.123 kg/m3

Flow Measurement
Head across venturimeter,

ρw
Ha = Hw ×
ρa
1000
Ha = (86.4 − 17.4) × × 10−2
1.123
Ha = 613.33 m of air
FIGURE 6: Input Power vs Discharge

4 CONCLUSION To compute discharge,


The characteristics of the centrifugal air blower have been √
analyzed experimentally and its efficiency, Head and Input Power Cd × a1 a2 × 2gHa
Q= q
have been plotted against discharge. From this data we may ob- a21 − a22
tain the optimum operating conditions for the Blower as per the
functional requirements. Q = 0.2987 m3 /s

4 Copyright © 2023 by ASME


Load Speed Tinlet t Static Ha Hs Hd H Q Velocity input output η2
head power power
(cm of (cm of (m of (m of (m of 1 2
water) water) air) air) air)
Kg rpm ◦C (sec) (m3̂/s) (m/s) (W) (W) (W) (%)
1.9 2932 33 12.95 46.3 0.1 407.9 0.1 408 0.01 1.4 1314.9 1737.5 52.2 3

5
2.1 2945 32 11.3 49.2 6.4 433.5 6.8 440.3 0.09 11.6 1459.8 1991.2 450.2 22.6
2.6 2919 33 9.38 46.1 17.1 406.2 18.2 424.4 0.15 18.9 1791.4 2398.7 709.3 29.6
3.1 2910 34 8.13 37.1 38.6 326.9 41.1 368 0.22 28.4 2129.3 2767.5 923.9 33.4
3.6 2895 34 7.26 22.5 69 198.2 73.4 271.6 0.3 37.9 2460 3099.2 912 29.4
3.75 2889 35 6.82 12.9 89.4 113.7 95.1 208.8 0.34 43.2 2557.2 3299.1 797.9 24.2

TABLE 1: Experimental Data

Copyright © 2023 by ASME


Velocity of air in the pipe, where, T = Torque = Load X Arm length N-m

Q Efficiency,
V=
A
V = 38.05m/s Output
η1 = × 100%
Input
960.40
η1 = × 100%
2458.7416
ρw η1 = 39.06 %
Hs = hs ×
ρa
1000
Hs = (65.1 − 40.6) × × 10−2
1.125
Using Energy meter
Hs = 217.77 m of air

10 3600
Dynamic Pressure Head, IP2 = × × 1000 WattsIP2 = 3099.17Watts
K t

V2
Hd = m of air Efficiency,
2g
Hd = 73.867 m of air

960.40
η2 = × 100%
3099.17
Total Head
η2 = 30.98 %

H = Hs + Hd m of air
H = 217.77 + 73.867
H = 291.637 m of air

Output Power = γa × Q × H Watts,


Where, γa = ρa × g
γa = 11.025
Output Power = 960.40 Watts

Estimation of Power Input

Using Dynamometer
Input to the blower is given as,

2πNT
IP1 =
60
T = 3.6 × 230 × 10−3 N − m
IP1 = 2458.7416 Watts

6 Copyright © 2023 by ASME


Appendix B: ERROR ANALYSIS
For our error analysis, XA shall denote the error in the phys-
ical quantity denoted by ’a’. The error in the rpm and temper-
ature measurements are taken to be their standard deviation and
the systematic error in the time measurement is taken as 0.3 s (
the average human reaction time ). The systematic error in the
head measurement is taken as the least count of the instrument.
To find the total error :

p
X= S2 + R2

is used where
S = systematic error
R = Random error
To find the error in other dependent parameters we use the
equation

s 2  2
∂A ∂A
XA = (Xa ) + (Xb ) + ..
∂a ∂b

where a,b are taken to be independent parameters which govern


A.
We get the following values for the errors :

Q 0.019 m3 /s
H 7.57 m
OP 43.539 W
IP 94.516 W

TABLE 2: Error obtained

7 Copyright © 2023 by ASME

You might also like