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Tutorial 1

This document contains 10 practice problems related to heat transfer. The problems cover a range of concepts including determining thermal conductivity, calculating surface temperatures based on heat flux and emissivity/absorptivity, deriving the two-dimensional heat conduction equation, calculating heat transfer rates through cylindrical rods of different materials, determining temperature profiles in plates with internal heat generation, calculating maximum heat flux through a silicon wafer to avoid warping, calculating heat gain through automobile windows under different convection conditions, calculating temperature distributions and heat transfer rates through multilayer walls, and determining thermal conductivity by measuring temperature gradients along a rod exposed to different boundary conditions.

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Kunal Yadav
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63 views2 pages

Tutorial 1

This document contains 10 practice problems related to heat transfer. The problems cover a range of concepts including determining thermal conductivity, calculating surface temperatures based on heat flux and emissivity/absorptivity, deriving the two-dimensional heat conduction equation, calculating heat transfer rates through cylindrical rods of different materials, determining temperature profiles in plates with internal heat generation, calculating maximum heat flux through a silicon wafer to avoid warping, calculating heat gain through automobile windows under different convection conditions, calculating temperature distributions and heat transfer rates through multilayer walls, and determining thermal conductivity by measuring temperature gradients along a rod exposed to different boundary conditions.

Uploaded by

Kunal Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
B.Tech. Aerospace Engineering

AE222 HEAT TRANSFER

TUTORIAL–1

1. A wood slab with a thickness of 0.05 m is subjected to a heat flux of 40 W/m2 . The left and
right surface temperatures of the wood slab are kept at constant temperatures of 40 ◦ C and 20 ◦ C,
respectively. What is the thermal conductivity of the wood slab?

2. The outer surface of a spacecraft in space has an emissivity of 0.8 and a solar absorptivity of 0.3. If
solar radiation is incident on the spacecraft at a rate of 950 W/m2 , determine the surface temperature
of the spacecraft when the radiation emitted equals the solar energy absorbed.

3. Starting with an energy balance on a ring-shaped volume element, derive the two-dimensional steady
heat conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates for T (r, z) for the case of constant thermal con-
ductivity and no heat generation.

4. Consider a solid cylindrical rod of length 0.15 m and diameter 0.05 m. The top and bottom surfaces
of the rod are maintained at constant temperatures of 20 ◦ C and 95 ◦ C, respectively, while the side
surface is perfectly insulated. Determine the rate of heat transfer through the rod if it is made of (a)
copper, k = 380 W/mK, (b) steel, k = 18 W/mK, and (c) granite, k = 1.2 W/mK.

5. Consider a large 3 cm thick stainless steel plate (k = 15.1 W/mK) in which heat is generated uniformly
at a rate of 5 × 105 W/m3 . Both sides of the plate are exposed to an environment at 30 ◦ C with a heat
transfer coefficient of 60 W/m2 K. Determine the temperature profile in the plate and the maximum
value of temperature.

6. A silicon wafer with thickness of 925 µ m is being heated with a uniform heat flux at the lower surface.
The silicon wafer has a thermal conductivity that varies with temperature and can be expressed as
k(T ) = (a + bT + cT 2 ) W/mK, where a = 437, b = 21.29, and c = 0.00111. To avoid warping, the
temperature difference across the wafer thickness cannot exceed 2 ◦ C. If the upper surface of the
silicon wafer is at a uniform temperature of 600 K, determine the maximum allowable heat flux.

7. The t = 4 mm thick glass windows of an automobile have a surface area of A = 2.6 m2 . The outside
temperature is T∞,o = 32 ◦ C while the passenger compartment is maintained at T∞,i = 22 ◦ C. The
convection heat transfer coefficient on the exterior window surface is ho = 90 W/m2 K. Determine the
heat gain through the windows when the interior convection heat transfer coefficient is hi = 15 W/m2 K.
By controlling the airflow in the passenger compartment the interior heat transfer coefficient can be
reduced to hi = 5 W/m2 K without sacrificing passenger comfort. Determine the heat gain through
the window for the reduced inside heat transfer coefficient.

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8. Consider a 5 m high, 8 m long, and 0.22 m thick wall whose representative cross section is as given in
the figure. The thermal conductivities of various materials used, in W/mK, are kA = kF = 2, kB = 8,
kC = 20, kD = 15, and kE = 35. The left and right surfaces of the wall are maintained at uniform
temperatures of 300 ◦ C and 100 ◦ C, respectively. Assuming heat transfer through the wall to be one-
dimensional, determine (a) the rate of heat transfer through the wall; (b) the temperature at the point
where the sections B, D, and E meet; and (c) the temperature drop across the section F . Disregard
any contact resistances at the interfaces.

9. A wall consists of layers of metals and plastic with heat transfer coefficients on either side. The overall
heat transfer coefficient U is 255 W/m2 K and the overall temperature difference is 200 ◦ C. One layer
in the wall is stainless steel (k = 18 W/mK) 3 mm thick. What is ∆T across the stainless steel?

10. To determine the thermal conductivity of a long, solid 2.5 cm diameter rod, one half of the rod was
inserted into a furnace while the other half was projecting into air at 27 ◦ C. After steady state had
been reached, the temperatures at two points 7.6 cm apart were measured and found to be 126 ◦ C
and 91 ◦ C, respectively. The heat transfer coefficient over the surface of the rod exposed to the air
was estimated to be 22.7 W/m2 K. What is thermal conductivity of the rod?

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