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Factors and Multiples #Notes

The document discusses multiples and factors of numbers. It defines multiples as numbers multiplied by integers and notes that multiples are always greater than or equal to the original number. Factors are numbers that divide another number with no remainder. The document provides examples of finding multiples and factors of various numbers. It introduces the concepts of common factors (C.F.) and highest common factor (HCF), which is the greatest number that divides two or more numbers with no remainder. Examples are given of finding the HCF of different pairs of numbers.

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Vijayalakshmi ISAM
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1K views12 pages

Factors and Multiples #Notes

The document discusses multiples and factors of numbers. It defines multiples as numbers multiplied by integers and notes that multiples are always greater than or equal to the original number. Factors are numbers that divide another number with no remainder. The document provides examples of finding multiples and factors of various numbers. It introduces the concepts of common factors (C.F.) and highest common factor (HCF), which is the greatest number that divides two or more numbers with no remainder. Examples are given of finding the HCF of different pairs of numbers.

Uploaded by

Vijayalakshmi ISAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER - 3

MULTIPLES
A multiple of a number is that number multiplied by an integer.
Properties Of Multiples
• The smallest and first multiple of a number is the number itself.
• There are infinite multiples of a given number.
• Multiples are always greater than or at least equal to the
number itself.
• Every number is a multiple of 1 and the number itself.
Find first three common multiples of 8 and 12

The first three common


multiples of 8 & 12 are
24, 48 and 72.
FACTOR :
A factor of a number divides that number without leaving any remainder.
E.g.1, 2 ,3 and 6 are all exact divisors of 6
1 × 6 = 6, so 1 and 6 are factors of 6
2 × 3 = 6, so 2 and 3 are factors of 6
Hence, The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 6 are factors of 6.
NOTE: Also 6 is a multiple of 1,2,3 and 6.
Properties of Factors:
• 1 is a factor of every number.
• Every number is a factor of itself.
• The smallest factor of a number is 1.
• The largest factor is the number itself.
• Every factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number.
• Every factor is less than or equal to the given number.
• Number of factors of a given number are finite.
E.g.1, 2, 4, 8 are exact divisors of 8 A number can have MANY factors!
8 = 1× 8
8=2×4
8=4× 2
Hence, 1, 2, 4, 8 are factors of 8.
Find the factors using division:
1) 12
12 ÷ 1 = 12 1 and 12 are factors of 12
12 ÷ 2 = 6 2 and 6 are factors of 12
12 ÷ 3 = 4 3 and 4 are factors of 12

Hence, factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24


Find the factors using division:
2) 54
54 ÷ 1 = 54
54 ÷ 2 = 27
54 ÷ 3 = 18
54 ÷ 6 = 9
Hence, factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, 54
Find the factors using multiplication:
1) 24 2) 36
1 × 24 = 24 1× 36 = 36
2 ×12 = 24 2 × 18 = 36
3 × 8 = 24 3 × 12 = 36
6 × 4 = 24 4 × 9 = 36
Hence, factors of 24 are 6 × 6 = 36
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 Hence, factors of 36 are
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
Find the factors using multiplication:
3) 48
1 × 48 = 48
2 × 24 = 48
3 × 16 = 48
4 × 12 = 48
6 × 8 = 48

Hence, factors of 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48


COMMON FACTORS (C.F ) & HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR (HCF)

Factors of 20: 20 Factors of 24: 24


1 2 1 2
4 5 4 6
10 20 3 8
12 24

COMMON FACTORS OF 20, 24 ARE 1, 2, 4


HCF = 4
The greatest number which divides two or more numbers exactly
without leaving any remainder is called Highest Common Factor or
HCF
Or
The greatest number which is the common factor of two or more
numbers is called their HCF.

1) Find the HCF of 12 and 20

Factors of 18 – 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
Factors of 24 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24

Common factors = 1, 2, 3, 6
Highest Common Factor , HCF = 6
1) Find the HCF of 30 and 45

Factors of 30 = 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30


Factors of 45 = 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45

COMMON FACTORS (C.F) OF 30 and 45 are: 1, 3, 5, 15.

HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR(HCF): 15

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