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Forces and Motion Reading: Directions: Please Read and Annotate The Following Passage Below About Force and Motion. in

1) A force is energy created by a push or pull. Forces cause motion when they are greater than resisting forces like inertia or friction. 2) Inertia is an object's resistance to changes in motion. If at rest, inertia comes from gravity and friction. If moving, inertia comes from the object's speed. 3) Friction is a force that resists the relative motion between two touching objects like a box on the floor. Adding liquid reduces friction.

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103 views5 pages

Forces and Motion Reading: Directions: Please Read and Annotate The Following Passage Below About Force and Motion. in

1) A force is energy created by a push or pull. Forces cause motion when they are greater than resisting forces like inertia or friction. 2) Inertia is an object's resistance to changes in motion. If at rest, inertia comes from gravity and friction. If moving, inertia comes from the object's speed. 3) Friction is a force that resists the relative motion between two touching objects like a box on the floor. Adding liquid reduces friction.

Uploaded by

Jxyce
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name Date

Forces and Motion Reading


Directions: Please read and annotate the following passage below about force and motion. In
order to receive full credit you need to do the following: circle words you don’t know, highlight
main concepts/ big ideas and provide me with a 7 sentence summary for the first page and a 7
sentence summary for the second page.

A Force (F) is energy that is created by a push or pull. You


generate a force when you push against a box to move it across the
floor, or when you pull a wagon. You generate a force when you push
down on the pedals of your bike. You generate a force when you lift a
book off a table, “pulling” the book up with the lever of your arm.

In order to create motion from an object, the energy you apply


must be greater than any force(s) resisting motion. Motion is a change
in position or location of a body. Another word for motion is
movement. When a force causes motion, work is done. Work is by
definition W=F x d, where F=force applied and d=the distance the
object is moved, also called displacement.

Think about this: if you push against a refrigerator and cannot


move it any distance, have you still done work? The answer is no. You
have produced no motion in the refrigerator, and in the equation above,
the displacement is zero. Therefore the work is zero. Have you
generated a force? Yes. If you apply force to something and it does not
move, you can still feel the effect of that force. You feel tired! The
force you generated was not enough to overcome the mass of that
refrigerator at rest.

To create motion, you must supply enough work to


overcome resistant forces. One resistant force is called inertia.
Inertia is an object’s resistance to changes in motion. If an
object is not moving, it resists being moved. If an object is
moving, it resists being stopped. But what causes the force of
inertia? If an object is at rest, the force of inertia that must be
overcome to move it is a combination of gravity pulling down
on the object and friction resisting a push ahead. If an object is
in motion, the force of the object’s speed moving in a direction
will oppose a force stopping the object.
Try the following experiment: mark off a distance of 25 feet with tape or chalk, either
indoors or outdoors. Mark off midpoint distances at 10 feet and 20 feet. Begin running at
the first marker, and stop at the 10-foot marker. Begin running again and stop at the 20-
foot marker. Run again and stop at the 25-foot marker. What you will observe is that each
time you stop, your feet will stop while your upper body continues to move forward. This
is especially true if you try to stop really fast. The phenomenon you observe is inertia.
Your body resists being stopped.

If two forces are equal, such as two people of equal weight and strength pulling on opposite ends
of a rope, then no motion takes place. The forces are balanced. If we add a second person to one
side of the tug of war, then the force generated by the two people will be greater than that
generated by the one person, and that force will cause motion. So, another thing to note is that
motion will occur when one force is greater than another. Otherwise, if no motion takes place, we
say that the forces are balanced, or in equilibrium.

Look now at another example of resistant forces. Say you are pushing a box across the floor from
your teacher’s desk to your desk. No matter whether you push across linoleum or carpet, you will
encounter the resistant force of friction. Friction is a force that resists the relative motion of two
bodies in direct contact, such as the box and the carpet.

How can you observe friction? Try the following experiment: rub your hands rapidly together.
You will observe heat from the rubbing of your hands. The heat is caused by friction. Try
another experiment: place two thin blocks of wood one on top of the other. Try to slide the top
block over the bottom block. You will observe some resistance. Try placing 2 teaspoons of
dishwashing liquid between the two blocks. Now try again to slide the top block over the bottom
block. What did you observe? The blocks slide easily. The force of friction has been reduced by
adding the dishwashing liquid between the blocks.

Imagine that now your teacher wants you to move a large table, triple the
weight of the previous box, across the room. You will experience that it
takes more energy to move this table. This is because greater force is needed
to move larger objects. Similarly, if your teacher asks you to move the
previous box much faster across the floor, you will find that greater force is
needed. This is because larger objects require greater force to move. Also
greater force is needed to move the same object at a faster rate.

Now that you know that force and motion are related, you can look for force whenever you see
motion in your world. Now that you know that every force has a counteractive force against it,
you may appreciate why it takes extra effort to move objects, especially large ones. You may
even notice that inertia is what makes it hard to get up off the couch to do your homework!
Force and motion are all around us. When you see motion, look for the force that is causing it.

Forces and Motion Exercises

Completion: Choose the word that completes the sentence Word Bank
given below. Friction Inertia
Equilibrium Force
1. When forces are balanced, pulling in opposite Motion Displacement
directions with equal size, we say they are Work Effort
in .
2. A force which resists the relative motion of two bodies in direct contact is
called .
3. When work is done, we know because there is .
4. A is any push or pull in a direction.
5. There is a force which resists changes in motion, called .
6. We know we have exerted a force even when we have done no work. This is
called .
7. Force x Displacement equals .
8. When a force causes , we know work has been
done.

Questions: Answer each questions in complete sentences.

1. Explain what inertia is. What causes inertia in an object that is at rest? In an object that is
moving? Draw a picture which shows an example of inertia.

2. Why has no work been done if there is no displacement? Use the equation W= Fx D to
explain your answer.

3. What is one example of a resistant force? Explain why it is called resistant.


4. Why does no motion occur in an object at equilibrium?

5. Why is the force of friction between two blocks reduced by adding dishwashing liquid
between them?

6. Why does your upper body want to keep moving when you stop running suddenly?

Crossword Puzzle

Across 1 2

1. When forces are of equal size and


opposite direction.
6. The effect of work on an object.
8. The result of work done, felt by 3 4
sweating. 5 6 7
9. The effect of motion on an object.

Down
2. The way forces are when in
equilibrium.
3. Force multiplied by displacement. 8
4. The force of resistance by rubbing two bodies rubbing
together.
5. A push or pull. 9

7. The principle by which objects resists


changes in motion.

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