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This document contains a course syllabus for an instrumentation and measurements course. It lists the course name, code, semester, and instructor. It then provides 10 sample problems solving various instrumentation related calculations. The problems calculate values such as absolute and relative errors, instrument sensitivity, resolution, accuracy, and error propagation in measurements.

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rawan adel
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49 views4 pages

Sheet 1

This document contains a course syllabus for an instrumentation and measurements course. It lists the course name, code, semester, and instructor. It then provides 10 sample problems solving various instrumentation related calculations. The problems calculate values such as absolute and relative errors, instrument sensitivity, resolution, accuracy, and error propagation in measurements.

Uploaded by

rawan adel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department: EPE Department Course Name: Measurements and Instrumentations

Semester Fall 2022/2023


Course Code: EPE 221 Instructors: Assoc. Prof. Abdelfattah Eladl

Sheet (1)
1. A voltage has a true value of 1.5V. An analog indicating instrument with a scale range of
0 - 2.5Vshows a voltage of 1.46 V. What are the values of absolute error and correction.
Express the error as a fraction of the true value and the full scale deflection.
Solution
Measured value 𝐴𝑚 = 1.46 V , Ture value 𝐴𝑡 = 1.5 V
Absolute error 𝛿𝑜 = 𝐴𝑚 − 𝐴𝑡 = 1.46 − 1.5 = 0.04𝑉
Absolute correction 𝛿𝑐 = |𝛿𝑜 | = 0.04𝑉
𝛿𝑜 - 0.04
Relative error, 𝛿𝑟 = = × 100 = −2.66%
At 1.5
- 0.04
Relative error expressed as a percentage of full scale deflection = × 100 = −1.6%
2.5

2. A Wheatstone bridge requires a change of 7 Ω in the unknown arm of the bridge to


produce a change in deflection of 3mm of the galvanometer. Determine the sensitivity.
Also determine the deflection factor.
Solution
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 3 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = = 0.429 𝑚𝑚⁄Ω
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 7Ω
1 1
𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = = 2.33 Ω/𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 0.429

3. A moving coil voltmeter has a uniform scale with 100 divisions, the full-scale reading is
200 V and 1/10 of a scale division can be estimated with a fair degree of certainty.
Determine the resolution of the instrument in volts.

Solution
200
𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 2𝑉
100

1 1
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 × =2× = 0.2 𝑉
10 10

4. A digital voltmeter has a read-out range from 0 to 9999 counts. Determine the resolution
of the instrument in volts when the full scale reading is 9.999 V.
Department: EPE Department Course Name: Measurements and Instrumentations
Semester Fall 2022/2023
Course Code: EPE 221 Instructors: Assoc. Prof. Abdelfattah Eladl

Solution
The resolution of this instrument is 1 count in 9999

1 1
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 = × 9.999 = 10−3 𝑉 = 1 𝑚𝑉
9999 9999

5. A 0-250 V voltmeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 2% of full-scale reading. The voltage


measured by the voltmeter is 150 volts. Determine the limiting error in percentage.

Solution
The magnitude of the limiting error of the instrument,
2
𝐴𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝛿0 = 2% 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = × 250 = 5 𝑉
100

𝛿0 5
% 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝛿𝑟 = × 100 = × 100 = 3.33 %
𝐴𝑚 150

6. The expected value of the voltage across a resistor is 50V; however, measurement yields
a value of 49V. Calculate: a) The absolute error; b) The limiting error; C) The relative
accuracy; and d) The percent of inaccuracy.

Solution
𝐴𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝛿0 = 𝐴𝑚 − 𝐴𝑡 = 49 − 50 = −1 𝑉

𝛿0 −1
% 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝛿𝑟 = × 100 = × 100 = −2 %
𝐴𝑡 50

ture value − measeured value 50 − 49


𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 𝐴 = 1 − = 1− = 0.98
ture value 50

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 𝑎 = 100% − 𝐴% = 100% − 98 % = 2%


Department: EPE Department Course Name: Measurements and Instrumentations
Semester Fall 2022/2023
Course Code: EPE 221 Instructors: Assoc. Prof. Abdelfattah Eladl

7. A moving coil ammeter has a uniform scale with 50 divisions and gives a full-scale
reading of 5 A. The instrument can read up to ¼ of a scale division with a fair degree of
certainty. Determine the resolution of the instrument in mA.

Solution
Full-scale reading = 5 A, Number of divisions on scale = 50
5
𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 0.1 𝐴
50

1 1
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 × = 0.1 × = 0.025 𝐴
4 4

8. Calculate the maximum m percentage error in the sum of two voltage measurements when
V1 = 100 V ± 1% and V2 = 80 V ± 5%.

Solution

𝑉1 = 100 𝑉 ± 1 % = 100 𝑉 ± 𝐼 𝑉
𝑉2 = 80 𝑉 ± 5% = 80 𝑉 ± 4 𝑉
𝐸 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2
= ( 100 𝑉 ± 𝐼 𝑉) + (80 𝑉 ± 4 𝑉) = 180 𝑉 ± (1 𝑉 + 4 𝑉)
= 180 𝑉 ± 5 𝑉
= 180 𝑉 ± 2.78 %

9. Calculate the maximum percentage error in the difference of two measured voltages when
V1 = I00 V ± l% and V2 = 80 V ± 5%.

Solution

𝑉1 = 100 𝑉 ± 1 % = 100 𝑉 ± 𝐼 𝑉
𝑉2 = 80 𝑉 ± 5% = 80 𝑉 ± 4 𝑉
𝐸 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2
Department: EPE Department Course Name: Measurements and Instrumentations
Semester Fall 2022/2023
Course Code: EPE 221 Instructors: Assoc. Prof. Abdelfattah Eladl

= ( 100 𝑉 ± 𝐼 𝑉) − (80 𝑉 ± 4 𝑉) = 20 𝑉 ± (1 𝑉 + 4 𝑉)
= 20 𝑉 ± 5 𝑉
= 20 𝑉 ± 25 %

10. An 820  resistance with an accuracy of ± 10% carries a current of 10 m A. The current
was measured by an analog ammeter on a 25 mA range with an accuracy of ±2% of full
scale. Calculate the power dissipated in the resistor, and determine the accuracy of the
result.

Solution
𝑃 = 𝐼2 𝑅
𝑃 = (10 𝑚𝐴) 2 × 820 Ω = 82 𝑚𝑊
𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑅 = ±10%
𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝐼 = ±2% 𝑜𝑓 25 𝑚𝐴 = ±0.5 𝑚𝐴
±0. 5 𝑚𝐴
= × 100% = ±5%
10 𝑚𝐴
𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝐼 2 = 2(±5%) = ±10%
𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑃 = 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝐼 2 + 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑅
= ±(10% + 10%) = ±20%

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