Sans2415 PDF

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ISBN 978-0-626-34283-8
SANS 2415:2005
Edition 2
ISO 2415:2004
Edition 3
SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Forged shackles for general lifting

purposes — Dee shackles and bow shackles
This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 2415:2004, and is

adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization.
Published by SABS Standards Division

1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof  Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001
Tel: +27 12 428 7911 fax: +27 12 344 1568
www.sabs.co.za
 SABS
© SABS. This non-printable standard is exclusively for approved users of the SABS’ Complete Collection of Standards and Related Documents.
SANS 2415:2005
Edition 2
ISO 2415:2004
Edition 3
Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
National foreword
This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS/TC 1020, Lifting
equipment, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with
annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.
This SANS edition cancels and replaces the first SABS edition (SABS ISO 2415:1987).
Compliance with this document cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.
Reaffirmed and reprinted in March 2017.

This document will be reviewed every five years
and be reaffirmed, amended, revised or withdrawn.
© SABS
The standard must reside on an internal network or intranet
SANS and2415:2005
may only be used for reference purposes in compliance with SABS
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2415
Third edition
2004-07-01
Forged shackles for general lifting

purposes — Dee shackles and bow
shackles
Manilles forgées pour levage — Manilles droites et manilles lyres
Reference number
ISO 2415:2004(E)
© ISO 2004
SANS and2415:2005
ISO 2415:2004(E)
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ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

SANS and2415:2005
ISO 2415:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv
1 Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 1
4 Form and dimensions........................................................................................................................... 3
5 Mechanical properties .......................................................................................................................... 9
6 Material................................................................................................................................................. 10
7 Heat treatment ..................................................................................................................................... 12
8 Hardness .............................................................................................................................................. 12
9 Workmanship ...................................................................................................................................... 13
10 Screw threads...................................................................................................................................... 13
11 Type testing ......................................................................................................................................... 14
12 Proof test ............................................................................................................................................. 15
13 Manufacturer’s certificate .................................................................................................................. 15
14 Marking ................................................................................................................................................ 16
Annex A (normative) Formulae for calculating shackle dimensions .......................................................... 17
Annex B (informative) Designation................................................................................................................. 20
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved iii

SANS and2415:2005
ISO 2415:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 2415 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 111, Round steel link chains, chain slings,
components and accessories, Subcommittee SC 3, Components and accessories.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2415:1987), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

SANS and2415:2005
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2415:2004(E)
Forged shackles for general lifting purposes — Dee shackles

and bow shackles
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the general characteristics of forged dee and bow shackles in a range of
sizes having working load limits of from 0,32 t to 100 t and in Grades 4, 6 and 8, and presents their
performance and critical dimensions necessary for their interchangeability and compatibility with other
components.
In the case of dee shackles for use with forged steel lifting hooks in conformance with ISO 4779 and
ISO 7597, an intermediate component could be necessary for making the connection.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 261, ISO general purpose metric screw threads — General plan
ISO 263, ISO inch screw threads — General plan and selection for screws, bolts and nuts — Diameter range
0,06 to 6 in
ISO 643, Steels — Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size
ISO 4779, Forged steel lifting hooks with point and eye for use with steel chains of grade M(4)
ISO 4948-1, Steel — Classification — Part 1: Classification of steels into unalloyed and alloy steel based on
chemical composition
ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, K, N, T)
ISO 7597, Forged steel lifting hooks with point and eye for use with steel chains of grade T(8)
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
shackle
component consisting of two readily separable parts, the body and the pin
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 1

SANS and2415:2005
ISO 2415:2004(E)
3.2
body
one of the two parts of the shackle, consisting of a bar of suitable section formed or forged to the appropriate
shape and terminating in coaxial eyes
3.3
crown
that part of the shackle body opposite the pin
3.4
eye
boss on the end of the body with coaxial hole through which the pin passes
3.5
pin
straight bar of circular section which passes through the eyes, arranged so as to be secure when in position
and which can be readily disassembled
3.6
dee shackle
a shackle the crown of which forms a semicircle or internal radius half the width, between the eyes
See Figure 1.
3.7
bow shackle
shackle, the crown of which forms more than a semicircle of internal radius more than half the width, between
the eyes
See Figure 2.
3.8
ultimate strength
Fu
maximum force reached during the static tensile testing of a shackle at the end of which the shackle fails to
retain the load
3.9
proof force
Fe
force applied as a test to a finished shackle in accordance with Clause 13
3.10
working load limit
WLL
maximum mass a shackle is designed to sustain in general service
3.11
working load
WL
maximum mass a shackle may sustain in a particular stated service
2 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

SANS and2415:2005
ISO 2415:2004(E)
4 Form and dimensions
4.1 Dee shackles
The dimensions of dee shackles shall be in accordance with Figure 1 and Table 1.
Key
1 crown
2 body
3 screwed pin with eye and collar — Type W (example)
4 eye
5 bolt-type pin with hexagon head, hexagon nut and split cotter pin — Type X
NOTE This diagram is intended only to show where dimensions are measured. It does not purport to indicate any
detailed design of any part of the shackle.
Figure 1 — Dimensions of dee shackles

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ISO 2415:2004(E)
Table 1 — Dimensions of dee shackles
Working load limit

WLL da Db ec Sd W b
Grade 4 Grade 6 Grade 8 max. max. max. min. min.

t mm mm mm mm mm
0,32 0,50 0,63 8 9 19,8 18 9

0,40 0,63 0,8 9 10 22 20 10
0,50 0,8 1 10 11,2 24,64 22,4 11,2
0,63 1 1,25 11,2 12,5 27,5 25 12,5
0,8 1,25 1,6 12,5 14 30,8 28 14
1 1,6 2 14 16 35,2 31,5 16
1,25 2 2,5 16 18 39,6 35,5 18
1,6 2,5 3,2 18 20 44 40 20
2 3,2 4 20 22,4 49,28 45 22,4
2,5 4 5 22,4 25 55 50 25
3,2 5 6,3 25 28 61,8 56 28
4 6,3 8 28 31,5 69,3 63 31,5
5 8 10 31,5 35,5 78,1 71 35,5
6,3 10 12,5 35,5 40 88 80 40
8 12,5 16 40 45 99 90 45
10 16 20 45 50 110 100 50
12,5 20 25 50 56 123,2 112 56
16 25 32 56 63 138,6 125 63
20 32 40 63 71 156,2 140 71
25 40 50 71 80 178 160 80
32 50 63 80 90 198 180 90
40 63 80 90 100 220 200 100
50 80 100 100 112 246,4 224 112
63 100 — 112 125 275 250 125
80 — — 125 140 308 280 140
100 — — 140 160 352 315 160
a The formula used to calculate this dimension is given in A.1.1.
b The formula used to calculate this dimension is given in A.1.2.
c The formula used to calculate this dimension is given in A.1.4.
d The formula used to calculate this dimension is given in A.1.3.

SANS and2415:2005
ISO 2415:2004(E)
4.2 Bow shackles
The dimensions of bow shackles shall be in accordance with Figure 2 and Table 2.
Key
1 crown
2 body
3 screwed pin with eye and collar — Type W (example)
4 eye
5 bolt-type pin with hexagon head, hexagon nut and split cotter pin — Type X
NOTE This diagram is intended only to show where dimensions are measured. It does not purport to indicate any
detailed design of any part of the shackle.
Figure 2 — Dimensions of bow shackles

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ISO 2415:2004(E)
Table 2 — Dimensions of bow shackles
Working load limit

WLL da Db ec 2r d Se Wb
Grade 4 Grade 6 Grade 8 max. max. max. min. min. min.
t mm mm mm mm mm mm
0,32 0,50 0,63 9 10 22 16 22,4 10

0,40 0,63 0,8 10 11,2 24,64 18 25 11,2
0,50 0,8 1 11,2 12,5 27,5 20 28 12,5
0,63 1 1,25 12,5 14 30,8 22,4 31,5 14
0,8 1,25 1,6 14 16 35,2 25 35,5 16
1 1,6 2 16 18 39,6 28 40 18
1,25 2 2,5 18 20 44 31,5 45 20
1,6 2,5 3,2 20 22,4 49,28 35,5 50 22,4
2 3,2 4 22,4 25 55 40 56 25
2,5 4 5 25 28 61,8 45 63 28
3,2 5 6,3 28 31,5 69,3 50 71 31,5
4 6,3 8 31,5 35,5 78,1 56 80 35,5
5 8 10 35,5 40 88 63 90 40
6,3 10 12,5 40 45 99 71 100 45
8 12,5 16 45 50 110 80 112 50
10 16 20 50 56 123,2 90 125 56
12,5 20 25 56 63 138,6 100 140 63
16 25 32 63 71 156,2 112 160 71
20 32 40 71 80 176 125 180 80
25 40 50 80 90 198 140 200 90
32 50 63 90 100 220 160 224 100
40 63 — 100 112 246,4 180 250 112
50 80 — 112 125 275 200 280 125
63 100 — 125 140 308 224 315 140
80 — — 140 160 352 224 355 160
100 — — 160 180 396 280 400 180
a The formula used to calculate this dimension is given in A.2.1.
b The formula used to calculate this dimension is given in A.2.2.
c The formula used to calculate this dimension is given in A.2.5.
d The formula used to calculate this dimension is given in A.2.3.
e The formula used to calculate this dimension is given in A.2.4.

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ISO 2415:2004(E)
4.3 Hole diameter
The diameter of the unthreaded hole or holes in the body of the shackle shall not exceed the following values:
a) hole diameter for pins having an actual pin diameter D u 20 mm: D + 1 mm;
b) hole diameter for pins having a diameter D > 20 mm and u 45 mm: D + 1,5 mm;
c) hole diameter for pins having a diameter D > 45 mm: D + 2 mm.
4.4 Types of shackle pin
The threaded shackle pins shown in Figure 3 illustrate only typical examples of pins; other suitable forms of
pin are acceptable.
The pins illustrated are of the following types:
 Type W: screwed with eye and collar;
 Type X: bolt with hexagon head, hexagon nut and split cotter pin;
 Type Y: countersunk and slotted head.
For the purpose of the designation system (see Annex B), all other types of pin are designated as being of
Type Z.

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ISO 2415:2004(E)
a) Type W: screwed with eye and collar
b) Type X: bolt with hexagon head, hexagon nut and split cotter pin
c) Type Y: countersunk and slotted head
Figure 3 — Typical examples of shackle pin types

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ISO 2415:2004(E)
5 Mechanical properties
5.1 General
The mechanical properties of the shackles in terms of proof force and ultimate strength shall be as specified in
Table 3.
Table 3 — Mechanical properties
Working load limit Proof force Minimum ultimate strength

WLL Fe Fu
t kN kN
0,32 6,4 12,5

0,4 8 16
0,5 10 20
0,63 12,5 25
0,8 16 32
1 20 40
1,25 25 50
1,6 32 63
2 40 80
2,5 50 100
3,2 63 125
4 80 160
5 100 200
6,3 125 250
8 160 320
10 200 400
12,5 250 500
16 320 630
20 400 800
25 500 1 000
32 630 1 250
40 800 1 600
50 1 000 2 000
63 1 259 2 500
80 1 600 3 200
100 2 000 4 000
5.2 Deformation resistance test
Three samples shall be tested and each shall be capable of sustaining the manufacturing proof force to
2,0 × WLL without permanent deformation, i.e. no dimension shall alter by more than 1 % of the initial
dimension after the proof force has been applied. After removal of the test force, the pin, when loosened, shall
turn freely.

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ISO 2415:2004(E)
5.3 Ultimate strength
Each shackle, when tested in accordance with 11.3, shall have an ultimate strength at least equal to that
specified in Table 3.
On completion of the test, each shackle shall show evidence of deformation.
5.4 Fatigue resistance — Grades 6 and 8
Each shackle with a working load limit up to and including 32 t, when tested in accordance with 11.4, shall,
after at least 20 000 cycles, be capable of retaining the load.
6 Material
6.1 Grade 4
6.1.1 General
The steel shall be produced by an electric, or by an oxygen-blown, process.
In its finished state, as supplied to the shackle manufacturer, the steel shall comply with the requirements
specified in 6.1.2, as determined by a cast or check analysis on the bar or on the finished shackle.
The manufacturer should supply a cast analysis of the steel if required by the purchaser.
6.1.2 Specific requirements
The steel shall be fully killed, shall be suitable for forging and shall be capable of being heat treated to obtain
the mechanical properties required by this International Standard. Its content of sulfur and phosphorus shall
be restricted in accordance with Table 4.
Table 4 — Sulfur and phosphorus content — Grade 4
Maximum content (% by mass) determined by

Element
Cast analysis Check analysis
Sulfur 0,035 0,04

Phosphorus 0,035 0,04
The steel shall be made in conformity with fine grain practice in order to obtain an austenitic grain size of 5 or
finer when tested in accordance with ISO 643. This could be achieved, for example, by ensuring that it
contains sufficient aluminium or an equivalent element to permit the manufacture of shackles stabilized
against strain-age embrittlement during service; a minimum value of 0,025 % of total aluminium is given for
guidance.
Within the limitations specified above, it is the responsibility of the shackle manufacturer to select steel such
that the finished shackle, suitably heat-treated, complies with the requirements for the mechanical properties
specified in this International Standard for this grade of shackle.

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ISO 2415:2004(E)
6.2 Grades 6 and 8
6.2.1 General
The steel shall be produced by an electric, or by an oxygen-blown, process.
In its finished state, as supplied to the shackle manufacturer, it shall comply with the requirements specified in
6.2.2, as determined by a cast or check analysis on the bar or on the finished shackle.
The manufacturer should supply a cast analysis of the steel if required by the purchaser.
6.2.2 Specific requirements
The steel shall be fully killed, shall be suitable for forging and shall contain alloying elements in sufficient
quantities to guarantee the mechanical properties of the shackle after appropriate heat treatment.
The steel for Grade 6 shackles shall contain at least one of the following elements, in the alloying proportions
specified in ISO 4948-1:
 nickel;
 chromium;
 molybdenum
The steel for Grade 8 shackles shall contain at least two of the following elements, in the alloying proportions
specified in ISO 4948-1:
 nickel;
 chromium;
 molybdenum.
The sulfur and phosphorus content of the two grades of steel shall be restricted in accordance with Tables 5
to 7.
Table 5 — Sulfur and phosphorus content — Grade 6 — Body

Element
Sulfur 0,035 0,04

Table 6 — Sulfur and phosphorus content — Grade 6 — Pin

Element
Sulfur 0,03 0,035


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ISO 2415:2004(E)
Table 7 — Sulfur and phosphorus content — Grade 8 — Body and pin

Element
Sulfur 0,025 0,03

The steel shall be made in conformity with fine grain practice in order to obtain an austenitic grain size of 5 or
finer when tested in accordance with ISO 643. This could be achieved, for example, by ensuring that it
contains sufficient aluminium or an equivalent element to permit the manufacture of shackles stabilized
against strain-age embrittlement during service; a minimum value of 0,025 % of total aluminium is given for
guidance.
Within the limitations specified above, it is the responsibility of the shackle manufacturer to select steel such
that the finished shackle, suitably heat-treated, complies with the requirements for mechanical properties
specified in this International Standard for the appropriate grade of shackle.
7 Heat treatment
7.1 Grade 4
After forging, the shackle shall be normalized or hardened and tempered.
7.2 Grades 6 and 8
Each component shall be hardened from a temperature above the AC3 point and tempered before being
subjected to the manufacturing proof force. The tempering temperature shall be a minimum of 400 °C.
The tempering conditions shall be at least as effective as a temperature of 400 °C maintained for a period of
1 h.
A method of verification is that after the components have been re-heated to, and maintained for 1 h at,
400 °C and then cooled to room temperature; they should conform in the finished condition to columns 2 and
3 of Table 3.
Surface hardening shall not be permitted for load bearing parts of the component.
8 Hardness
8.1 Hardness requirement
The hardness values for the shackles body shall not exceed the values specified in Table 8.
Table 8 — Hardness values
Grade Brinell hardness Rockwell hardness

HBS HRC
4 217 17
6 300 32
8 380 41

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ISO 2415:2004(E)
8.2 Hardness testing
In order to determine Brinell hardness numbers, the tests shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 6506-1,
using — where practicable — a 10 mm steel ball and a force of 29,42 kN (HBS 10/3 000).
In order to determine Rockwell C hardness numbers, the tests shall be carried out in accordance with
ISO 6508-1.
Other methods of determining hardness may be used, provided the values obtained, when converted to
equivalent Brinell or Rockwell C values, are in accordance with 8.1.
The surface on which the impression is to be made shall be obtained by filling, grinding or smooth machining,
and shall be in a suitable position (as shown in Figures 1 and 2).
Suitable precautions should be taken to ensure that the surface tested is representative of the material and
that its hardness is not affected by decarburizing, carburization or by the method used for preparing the test
surface.
9 Workmanship
The body shall be forged in one piece without welding. Holes in shackle bodies shall be aligned axially with
each other and centrally to the outside diameter of the eyes.
The pin shall be either forged and machine-finished. The screwed portion of the pin shall be concentric with
the main portion. The collar or head of the pin shall fit closely against the body of the shackle.
When a threaded pin is fully tightened, the length of thread which remains visible between the jaws of the
shackle shall not be greater than one thread (e.g. in the case of Types W and Y pins).
The length of the plain portion of the bolt shall be such that when the nut is screwed onto the bolt, it seats onto
the shoulder of the bolt and not on the shackle body (e.g. in the case of the Type X pin).
In all cases when the pin is correctly fitted in the body of the shackle, the jaw width, W, shall not be
significantly reduced.
The finished shackle body and pin shall be free from any harmful surface defects, including cracks.
10 Screw threads
Unless otherwise specified, screw threads shall conform to either ISO 261 or ISO 263 and shall be of Class
6g/6H (medium fit) tolerance.
Alternative forms of thread may be used, provided that the strength of the shackle is not impaired.

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ISO 2415:2004(E)
11 Type testing
11.1 General
Type tests demonstrate that shackles certified by the manufacturer as complying with the requirements laid
down in this International Standard possess the mechanical properties specified in this International Standard.
The purpose of these tests is to prove the design, material, heat treatment and method of manufacture of
each size of finished shackle, including protective coating (if applied). Any change in the design, material
specification, heat treatment or method of manufacture — including protective coating (if applied) — or in any
dimension outside normal manufacturing tolerances that could lead to a modification of the mechanical
properties according to Clause 5, shall require that the type tests specified in 11.2 to 11.4 be carried out on
the modified shackle.
All shackles to be type testing shall comply with all the other requirements laid down in this International
Standard. The tests specified in 11.2 to 11.4 shall be carried out on each size of shackle of each design,
material, heat treatment and method of manufacture, including protective coating (if applied).
In the tests specified in 11.2 to 11.4, the force shall be applied axially without shock to the crown of the body,
using a test machine fitting having a diameter not greater than the actual diameter of the shackle pin, and to
the centre of the shackle pin, using a test machine fitting having a width not exceeding the actual diameter of
the pin.
11.2 Deformation resistance test
Three samples shall be tested and each shall be capable of sustaining the proof force specified for the
shackle in Table 3.
After the test force has been removed, the pin shall show no permanent deformation and, after it has been
loosened, it shall turn freely. The actual dimension, S, or a similar dimension measured between punch marks
on the pin and the crown shall not increase by more than 0,25 % or 0,5 mm, whichever is the greater.
NOTE See also Clause 12 for proof testing of shackles, where required.
11.3 Static strength test — WLL u 100 t
Three samples shall be tested and each shall have an ultimate strength at least equal to the minimum value
specified for the shackle in Table 3.
Each shackle body and pin shall be capable of withstanding the force without fracture or distortion to the
extent that the shackle becomes incapable of retaining the load.
This test may be carried out on the same shackles that have been submitted to the deformation test.
11.4 Fatigue tests (Grades 6 and 8: WLL u 32 t)
Shackles with a working load limit of up to and including 32 t shall be subjected to the fatigue test. Three
samples shall be tested.
The range applied during each cycle shall be equal to 1,5 times the working load limit specified in Table 3 for
the shackle. The minimum force in each cycle shall be positive and u 3 kN. The frequency of force application
shall be between 5 Hz and 25 Hz. The samples tested shall be capable of sustaining at least 20 000 cycles of
the force range specified above without failing to retain the load.

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ISO 2415:2004(E)
11.5 Acceptance criteria for type testing
11.5.1 Deformation resistance test
All three samples tested shall pass the deformation test in order for the shackle of the size submitted for type
testing to conform with this International Standard.
11.5.2 Static strength test and fatigue test
If all three samples pass the test, the shackle of the size submitted for type testing may be deemed to conform
with this International Standard.
If one of the samples fails, two further samples shall be tested and both shall pass the test in order for the
shackle of the size submitted for type testing to comply with this International Standard. If two or three
samples fail the test, the shackle of the size submitted for type testing shall not be deemed as conforming with
this International Standard.
12 Proof test
12.1 Each finished shackle (i.e. after manufacture, heat treatment and machining — including protective
coating (if applied) — shall be subjected to the appropriate proof force specified in Table 3, applied to the
crown of the shackle and to the centre of the pin by test machine fittings having a diameter not greater than
the actual diameter of the shackle pin.
12.2 After the proof force has been removed, the pin shall show no permanent deformation and, after it has
been loosened, it shall turn freely. The actual dimension, S, of the shackle shall not increase by more than
either 0,25 % or 0,5 mm, whichever is the greater.
After proof testing, each shackle shall be examined by a competent person.
13 Manufacturer’s certificate
13.1 When the type testing as specified in Clause 11 has been carried out with satisfactory results, the
manufacturer may issue certificates of conformity for shackles of the same nominal dimensions, size, material,
heat treatment and method of manufacture — including protective coating (if applied) — as the shackles
tested.
The manufacturer shall keep a record, for at least 10 years after the last certificate has been issued, of the
material specification, heat treatment, dimensions, test results and all relevant data concerning the shackles
that have satisfied the type tests. This record shall also include the manufacturing specifications that shall
apply to subsequent production.
Any change in material specification, in method of manufacture — including protective coating (if applied) — in
heat treatment, or in any dimension outside normal manufacturing tolerances which may lead to a modification
of the mechanical properties as specified in Clause 5, shall be considered as a design change. Tests in
accordance with Clause 11 shall be required before the manufacture is permitted to issue certificates of
conformity for any modified design.
13.2 The manufacturer shall provide a certificate with each consignment of shackles, giving the following
information for each consignment:
a) quantity and description of shackle;
b) grade number, i.e. 4, 6 or 8;
c) traceability code, enabling any particular shackle or batch of shackles in the consignment to be identified;

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ISO 2415:2004(E)
d) proof force applied (see Clause 12);
e) the working load limit in tonnes, e.g. WLL 10 t.
The certificate shall declare that each shackle complies with this International Standard and is within the
manufacturer’s specification of the type tested shackle(s). It shall also state the name and address of the
testing establishment and the status of the signatory.
14 Marking
14.1 Shackle
Each shackle shall be legibly and indelibly marked in a manner which will not impair its mechanical properties.
This marking shall include at least the following information placed on the shackle by the manufacturer:
a) manufacturer’s identification mark or symbol;
b) grade number, i.e. 4, 6 or 8;
c) working load limit in tonnes, e.g. WLL 10 t;
d) traceability code, enabling any particular shackle or batch of shackles in the consignment to be identified.
14.2 Shackle pins
All shackle pins of a diameter greater than, or equal to, 13 mm shall be legibly and indelibly marked with the
relevant grade number and manufacturer’s symbol such that this marking does not impair the mechanical
properties in the pin.
Pins of less than 13 mm diameter shall be marked with at least the grade number.

SANS and2415:2005
ISO 2415:2004(E)
Annex A
(normative)
Formulae for calculating shackle dimensions
A.1 Formulae used for calculating the dimensions specified in Table 1 for dee
shackles.
A.1.1 Formulae used to calculate values of d max.:
 Grade 4: 14 WLL
 Grade 6: 11,2 WLL
 Grade 8: 10 WLL
A.1.2 Formulae used to calculate values of D max. and W min.:
 Grade 4: 16 WLL
A.1.3 Formulae used to calculate values of S min.:
 Grade 4 : 31,5 WLL
 Grade 6 : 25 WLL
 Grade 8 : 22,4 WLL
A.1.4 Formula used to calculate e max.:
e max. = 2,2D max.
A.2 Formulae used for calculating the dimensions specified in Table 2 for bow
shackles
A.2.1 Formulae used to calculate values of d max.:
 Grade 4: 16 WLL

SANS and2415:2005
ISO 2415:2004(E)
A.2.2 Formulae used to calculate values of D max. and W min.:
 Grade 4: 18 WLL
 Grade 6: 14 WLL
A.2.3 Formulae used to calculate values of 2r min.:
 Grade 4: 28 WLL
 Grade 8: 20 WLL
A.2.4 Formulae used to calculate values of S min.:
 Grade 4: 40 WLL
 Grade 8: 28 WLL
A.2.5 Formula used to calculate e max.:
e max. = 2,2D max.
A.3 Correction factors

The formulae given in A.1 and A.2 are based on the condition when the load is at the centre of the pin and the
reactions are taken at the centre of the length of the holes.
In designing shackles where d < 25 mm, the diameter of the pin, D, obtained from the formulae should, for
practical reasons, be multiplied by a correction factor obtained from the appropriate curve in Figure A.1,
corresponding to the value of 2r/d.
The formulae give dimensions of shackles suitable for normal conditions of service; for hazardous conditions,
shackles should be designed for a nominal extreme fibre (tensile) stress.

SANS and2415:2005
ISO 2415:2004(E)
Key
X 2r/D
Y correction factor applied to D
Figure A.1 — Correction factor for pin diameters of shackles d < 25 mm

SANS and2415:2005
ISO 2415:2004(E)
Annex B
(informative)
Designation
For reference and ordering purposes, shackles complying with this International Standard may be designated
using the following system.
The following elements shall be used in the order given.
EXAMPLE 1 A dee shackle complying with this International Standard, with pin of Type W, of nominal size 20 t, and of
Grade 4, shall be designated as follows:
Shackle ISO 2415 - 4 - DW 20
EXAMPLE 2 A bow shackle complying with this International Standard, with pin of Type X, of nominal size 10 t, of and
Grade 8, shall be designated as follows:
Shackle ISO 2415 - 8 - BX 10

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© SABS.

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Forged shackles for general lifting

This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 2415:2004, and is

Published by SABS Standards Division

Reaffirmed and reprinted in March 2017.

Forged shackles for general lifting

ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved iii

iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

Forged shackles for general lifting purposes — Dee shackles

ISO 643, Steels — Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size

3 Terms and definitions

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 1

2 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

4 Form and dimensions

4.1 Dee shackles

Figure 1 — Dimensions of dee shackles

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 3

Table 1 — Dimensions of dee shackles

Working load limit

Grade 4 Grade 6 Grade 8 max. max. max. min. min.

0,32 0,50 0,63 8 9 19,8 18 9

4 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

4.2 Bow shackles

Figure 2 — Dimensions of bow shackles

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 5

Table 2 — Dimensions of bow shackles

Working load limit

0,32 0,50 0,63 9 10 22 16 22,4 10

6 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

4.3 Hole diameter

c) hole diameter for pins having a diameter D > 45 mm: D + 2 mm.

4.4 Types of shackle pin

The pins illustrated are of the following types:

 Type W: screwed with eye and collar;

 Type Y: countersunk and slotted head.

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 7

a) Type W: screwed with eye and collar

c) Type Y: countersunk and slotted head

Figure 3 — Typical examples of shackle pin types

8 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

Table 3 — Mechanical properties

Working load limit Proof force Minimum ultimate strength

0,32 6,4 12,5

5.2 Deformation resistance test

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved 9

5.3 Ultimate strength

On completion of the test, each shackle shall show evidence of deformation.

5.4 Fatigue resistance — Grades 6 and 8

The steel shall be produced by an electric, or by an oxygen-blown, process.

6.1.2 Specific requirements

Table 4 — Sulfur and phosphorus content — Grade 4

Maximum content (% by mass) determined by

Sulfur 0,035 0,04

10 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

6.2 Grades 6 and 8