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    Week 4-Ibizo Nezakhi Ezisebenza Nalo-1st2nd Layer Inflection

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    zekhethelo nyawose
    The document discusses Zulu grammar and morphology. It covers: 1) The different types of morphemes in isiZulu including lexical, grammatical, and free/bound morphemes. 2) How grammatical morphemes (zakhi zohlelo) work on nouns through two layers of inflection - the first layer affects the noun class prefix, and the second layer indicates syntactic function and stems from the initial vowel. 3) Examples of the second layer of inflection showing how it is built off the first layer and stem of words.

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    Week 4-Ibizo Nezakhi Ezisebenza Nalo-1st2nd Layer Inflection

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    zekhethelo nyawose
    1K views3 pages
    The document discusses Zulu grammar and morphology. It covers: 1) The different types of morphemes in isiZulu including lexical, grammatical, and free/bound morphemes. 2) How grammatical morphemes (zakhi zohlelo) work on nouns through two layers of inflection - the first layer affects the noun class prefix, and the second layer indicates syntactic function and stems from the initial vowel. 3) Examples of the second layer of inflection showing how it is built off the first layer and stem of words.

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    isizulum 201 amabizo

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    Week 4-Ibizo nezakhi ezisebenza nalo-1st2nd layer inflection

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    The document discusses Zulu grammar and morphology. It covers: 1) The different types of morphemes in isiZulu including lexical, grammatical, and free/bound morphemes. 2) How grammatical morphemes (zakhi zohlelo) work on nouns through two layers of inflection - the first layer affects the noun class prefix, and the second layer indicates syntactic function and stems from the initial vowel. 3) Examples of the second layer of inflection showing how it is built off the first layer and stem of words.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views3 pages

    Week 4-Ibizo Nezakhi Ezisebenza Nalo-1st2nd Layer Inflection

    Uploaded by

    zekhethelo nyawose
    The document discusses Zulu grammar and morphology. It covers: 1) The different types of morphemes in isiZulu including lexical, grammatical, and free/bound morphemes. 2) How grammatical morphemes (zakhi zohlelo) work on nouns through two layers of inflection - the first layer affects the noun class prefix, and the second layer indicates syntactic function and stems from the initial vowel. 3) Examples of the second layer of inflection showing how it is built off the first layer and stem of words.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    UKZN HOWARD COLLEGE, SOA, AFRICAN LANGUAGES

    ZM Mpungose (Grammar) ZM Mpungose (Grammar) New Lecturer (TBC)


    ([email protected]) ([email protected])

    Advanced IsiZulu A (ZULM201) WEEK 4


    A] Izinhlobo zezakhi
    1.Ezomqondo (lexical morphemes) – sinikeza/senza
    umqondo (-ntu, -bon-, -dlal- njll)
    2. Ezohlelo (grammatical morphemes) – asiwenzi
    umqondo, sikhonela nje ukuba amagama/imisho
    ibhaleke kahle (umuntu-abantu-imi, isi-, izi-, -uhambile,
    -kazi, -ana (isakhi senkathi edlule), -ana njll.)
    3. Ezikwazi ukuzimela (free morphemes), noma,
    ukuba, manje, njll
    4. Ezingakwazi ukuzimela (bound morphemes)

    B] Ibizo nokusebenza kwalo nezakhi zohlelo


    (i)Izinga lokuqala lokwengezwa kwengezwa
    kwesakhi (1st layer of inflection)
    *Izinga lokuqala yilelo eliphongozwa kwisiqalongqo, lolu
    hlobo lokwengeza lusebenza emabinzaneni ebizo
    ajwayelekile (simple Noun Phrase/NP forms)
    NP: Intombazane ende enhle ehloniphayo ifunda
    eKapa.
    Isib: u-muntu, i-Sintu, u-Buntu a-bantwana, i-zinja njll
    (ii) Izinga lesibili lokuphongozwa kwesakhi
    esandulela isiqalo sebizo (2nd layer of inflection)
    *Izinga lesibili libonisa umsebenzi othile emshweni
    (syntactic function) kanti lifakwa landulele
    amabizo/amagama asevele eseneziphongozo zeziqalo
    (initial vowels). Izinga lesibili lokuphongozwa kwezakhi
    ezandulela iziqalo zamabizo livamise ukunganciki
    esigabeni sebizo
    Example: 2nd layer 1st layer stem

    Kubafana ku- a- bafana Undaweni (locative)

    Njengoyise njenga- u- yise Isifaniso (comparative)

    Wentombi wa- i- ntombi Ongumnini (possessive)

    *Ukulumbana konkamisa/nokwehliswa konkamisa (vowel coalescence


    and vowel lowering) kuvamise ukusebenza kakhulu ezingeni lesibili
    lokuphongozwa kwesakhi esandulela isiqalongqo emabizweni

    Isibonelo
    (i)Ukwengezwa kwesakhi esinika umqondo
    wokuhambisana/ukuphelezela (Associative
    Inflection)
    Associative Inflection (with pre-prefix na-, meaning
    "with, also, even")

    na + indoda—> ne nendoda na + uthisha --> no


    nothisha
    na + amadoda --> na namadoda na + onesi—>
    no/nawo nawonesi/nonesi
    na + omkhulu —> nomkhulu na + enhle —> nenhle
    with absolute (isabizwana soqobo): naye (yena); nayo
    (yona); nabo (bona); nazo (zona; nathi (thina); nawe
    (wena); nami (mina).
    *Isakhi u-na (oyisakhi esinika umqondo
    wokuhambisana noma ukuphelezela), sinezakhana
    ezingaphansi kwaso (/:/na—ne-no- n-/

    Izakhi zohlelo eziphongozwa noma ezengezwa


    ngaphambi kwesiqalo sebizo
    (i)Ukwen

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