Green 2002

A Revision of Olea L.
(Oleaceae)
Author(s): P. S. Green
Reviewed work(s):
Source: Kew Bulletin, Vol. 57, No. 1 (2002), pp. 91-140
Published by: Springer on behalf of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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KEWBULLETIN57: 91 - 140 (2002)
A revision of Olea L. (Oleaceae)
P. S. GREEN'
Summary.The genus Oleais revised.33 species and nine subspeciesare recognizedin three subgenera:
Olea, Tetrapilusand Paniculatae, the first with two sections: Olea and Ligustroides.Three new taxa are
recognized: subgen. Tetrapilus,subgen. Paniculataeand Olea woodianasubsp. disjuncta.Keys, descriptions,
the citationof specimensand an index to exsiccataeare provided.
The olive, Olea europaeaL., is one of the world's major economic plants and its
original involvement with man is lost in the mists of time. The cultivated plant,
subsp. europaea, is not known in the wild and must be considered an ancient
cultigen. However, wild forms of this species with smaller, less oily fruits are known
over a wide area, from Africa, Macaronesia and Asia.
As might be expected of such a widespread and important plant, a considerable
synonymy has accumulated. Green & Wickens (1989) considered the taxonomic
limits of Olea europaeaand revised the nomenclature throughout its range, but did
not include any other species of Olea in their survey. Apart from their value as
timber trees, the other species do not have the same economic importance, but the
genus as a whole has not been surveyed and revised since De Candolle's account
(1844). This deficiency is tackled below.
Thanks are expressed to Pablo Vargas of the Real Jardin Botainico, Madrid, for
the stimulating correspondence relating to the subspecies of Oleaeuropaea.
Olea L., Sp. Pl.: 8 (1753) & Gen. P1. ed. 5: 8 (1754). Type species: Olea europaeaL.
(lectotype, Green & Wickens in Kit Tan (ed.), Davis & Hedge Festschrift: 294, 1989).
Evergreen shrubs or trees, young stems with or without scattered peltate scales,
glabrous or pilose. Leaves opposite, simple, coriaceous, rarely more or less
chartaceous, narrowly lanceolate or elliptic to ovate or oblanceolate, glabrous or
pilose, peltate scales on both surfaces, dense or scattered, venation often ? obscure,
margins entire or dentate, with or without domatia in the axils of the midrib and
primary veins below. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, cymose-paniculate or
racemose-decussate, flowers hermaphrodite or andromonoecious. Calyx small, tube
short, lobes 4, short or broadly triangular, persistent. Corolla sympetalous, tube
short, lobes 4, valvate or sometimes somewhat imbricate. Stamens 2 or 4, attached
near the top of the corolla tube, filaments short, anthers broadly ellipsoid, laterally
dehiscent. Ovary superior, 2-celled with 2 axile ovules in each locule, style usually
short, stigma terminal, ? 2-lobed. Fruit a drupe, 1-seeded, endocarp usually hard,
mesocarp often thick and fleshy, turning deep purplish or black when ripe.
Accepted for publication October 2001.

1 Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, U.K.
91
92 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 57(1)
KEY TO SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS
1. Leaves abaxially without domatia in the axils of the midrib and primary veins
below . ................................................. 2
Leaves abaxially with domatia in the axils of the midrib and primary veins below
.................................*........ subgen. Paniculatae
2. Leaves glabrous except for dense or scattered peltate scales, sometimes dentate;
inflorescence terminal or axillary, glabrous; corolla tube very short; subgen.
Olea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Leaves with obscure usually sunken peltate scales, sometimes hairy, margins
entire or dentate; inflorescence always axillary, frequently hairy; corolla tube
manifest, often well developed ..................... subgen. Tetrapilus
3. Leaves densely covered with overlapping or contiguous peltate scales, especially
abaxially; calyx tube + membranous ....................... sect. Olea
Leaves with scattered peltate scales, often ? sunk in the leaf surface;
inflorescence axillary or terminal; calyx + coriaceous ...... sect. Ligustroides
Subgenus Olea
Evergreen trees or shrubs, young stems with scattered peltate scales, otherwise
glabrous, often tetrangular. Leaves + coriaceous, densely covered or with scattered
peltate scales, margins entire. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, cymose-paniculate
or racemose-decussate, hermaphrodite or andromonoecious. Calyx small, 4-lobed,
lobes shortly, broadly triangular. Corolla white or pale cream, tube short, lobes 4,
valvate or sometimes slightly imbricate, + reflexed at full anthesis. Stamens 2,
anthers ellipsoid, filaments short, attached at the top of the corolla tube and to the
anther mid-dorsally, reflexed at anthesis. Ovary bottle-shaped or conoid, style short,
stigma capitate. Drupe with thin or fleshy mesocarp.
Sect. Olea
Sect. Oleaster Endl., Gen. P1. 1: 572 (1838). Type: 0. europaea L.
Sect. Euolea DC., Prodr. 8: 284 (1844). Type: 0. europaeaL.
Subgen. Euolea (DC.) Pfeiff., Vollst. Synon.: 191 (1870).
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves, young shoots and infloresence rachis densely
covered with overlapping or contiguous peltate scales, especially the leaves abaxially.
Leaves entire, without domatia. Inflorescence axillary, racemose-decussate,
occasionally branched. Calyx tube somewhat membranous.
The extensive synonymy presented below is supported, not only by the
morphology of the plants but also by an analysis of the flavonoid glycosides. Of
these a unique spectrum was found from material throughout O. europaeaas treated
here, in the broad sense, a spectrum quite different from other species of Olea
(Green & Wickens 1989; Harborne & Green 1980).
A recent paper by Hess et al. (2000) provides molecular evidence for the separate
recognition of the wild olive of the Canary Islands from that of Madeira. This was
A REVISIONOF OLEA L. (OLEACEAE) 93
confirmed nomenclaturally by the even more recent publication of a new name for
the former, subsp. guanchica P. Vargas et al. (2001), distinct from the native
Madeiran population, subsp. cerasiformis.In this same paper it has also been
proposed that the wild Moroccan olive should be treated as a subspecies of Olea
europaea i.e. 0. europaea subsp. maroccana P. Vargas et al. This had previously been
recognised at specific rank as 0. maroccanaGreuter & Burdet (syn. 0. salicifolia M.
Barbero et al., non G. Don, 1837). Although these taxa appear to represent distinct
geographical entities, reflecting differences at the molecular level as well, their
morphological characters overlap. In the key below they are only separated on
geographical grounds.
1. Olea europaea L., Sp. Pl.: 8 (1753). Type: Herb. Clifford: 4, Olea No. la
(lectotype BM, selected by Green & Wickens 1989: 294).
A complete and extensive synonymy (including many binomials which would today
be considered to repesent cultivars) is given in Green & Wickens (1989: 294 - 295).
Shrub or tree to 15 m tall. Leaves evergreen, coriaceous, entire, covered with
dense peltate scales, narrowly elliptic to elliptic or ovate-oblong, or even very
narrowly elliptic, 3 - 9 cm long, 0.3 - 3 cm broad. Inflorescences axillary, cymose-
paniculate or racemose-decussate. Calyx small, 4-lobed, lobes broadly triangular.
Corolla tube short, lobes 4, valvate. Stamens 2, anthers ellipsoid, exserted. Ovary
bottle-shaped or conoid. Drupes 0.5 - 4 cm long, mesocarp fleshy, thin or thick,
endocarp hard.
For maps showing the geographical distribution of subsp. cuspidata (agg.),
laperrineiand cerasiformis(agg.), see Green & Wickens (1989, fig. 1).
KEY TO SUBSPECIES
1. Drupes large, 2 - 4 cm long, mesocarp thick, fleshy; leaf-blades narrowly elliptic

to elliptic, (3 -)5 - 6(- 8) cm long, (0.5 -)1 - 1.5(- 2) cm broad, undersurface
silvery. Mediterranean region .................... la. subsp. europaea
Drupes small, 0.5 - 1.2 cm long, mesocarp fleshy but thin ............... 2
2. Leaf-blades narrowly to broadly elliptic, (3 -)4 - 6(- 9) cm long, (0.5 -)0.6 - 1.
5(- 3) cm broad; drupes 5- 7 mm long .......................... 3
Leaf-blades (linear to) very narrowly elliptic, (3 -)4 - 6(- 8) cm long, (0.3 -)0.4
- 0.6(- 0.8) cm broad, undersurface silvery; drupes 8 - 12 mm long ...... 5
3. Leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic (to broadly elliptic), (3 -)5 - 6(- 9) cm
long, (0.5 -)1 - 1.5(- 3) cm broad, undersurface silvery or often reddish;
drupes 5 - 7 mm long. SE Asia to SW China, Arabia, and to East and South
Africa ....................................b. subsp. cuspidata
Leaf-blades narrowly elliptic, (3 -)4 - 5(- 7) cm long, (0.5 -)0.6 - 1(- 1.5) cm
broad, undersurface silvery; drupes 6-8 mm long .................. 4
4. Sahara ....................................... c. subsp. laperrinei
Morocco ................................... d. subsp. maroccana
94 KEWBULLETINVOL. 57(1)
5. Madeira ................................... le. subsp. cerasiformis

Canary Islands................................. f. subsp. guanchica
la. subsp. europaea

la (i). var. europaea
Oleasativa Weston, Bot. Univ. 1: 191 (1770). Type not traced.
Trees to 15 m tall. Leaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic, (3 -)5 - 6(- 8) cm long,
(0.5 -)1 - 1.5 (- 2) cm broad. Drupes 2 - 4 cm long, mesocarp thick and fleshy.
SELECTIONOF MATERIALEXAMINED2:
PORTUG;AAL. Coimbra, 1877, Herb. Hort. Bot. Coimbr. 333. SPAIN. environs de
Murica, 8 May 1850, Bourgeau 646. FRANCE. Montpellier, Mireval, June 1928,
Meebold s.n. ITALY. Pedemont, Fontan, 1843, Reichenbach f s.n. CROATIA. Istria,
Lupolano, 18 Sept. 1922, Turrill 980. GREECE. Kephallenia Argostoli, 23 May 1936,
Mattfeld 1360. CYPRUS. Nicosia, 11 May 1977, Laukkonen 327. TURKEY. Antalya,
Selimiye, 23 April 1959, Hennipman et al. 663. SYRIA. Bashan, 1863 - 1864, Lowne
s.n. PALESTINE.Gethsemeni, 1846, Boissiers.n. EGYPT. Baharya Oasis, 12 Oct. 1927,
Simpson 5380. LIBYA. Oasis de Tazerbo, 5 Oct. 1968, Leonard 4689.
This is the cultivated olive, one of the world's oldest cultivated plants, and only
known as such. A review of its earliest records from the Chalcolithic Era (3700 -
3200 BC) in the eastern Mediterranean is given by Zohary (1995). However, the
close relationship of the cultivated olive with the populations in the Sahara and
Macaronesia (and those in Southwest Asia and East Africa) are scarcely
considered by him and the entities treated, not as part of Olea europaea, but as
distinct, separate species.
The origin and actual selection of the cultivated olive by man has been lost in the
mists of time. This may have taken place in the eastern Mediterranean region
(Zohary 1995) or the region adjacent to and west of the delta of the River Nile
(Newberry 1937), where five or more millennia ago the climate would have been
different and the vegetation considerably more mesic.
There are a great number of cultivars.
la (ii). var. sylvestris (Mill.) Lehr, Olea europaea: 30 (1779).

Olea oleaster Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 1: 387 (1809). Type: not traced.
Shrubs, often dense, twiggy and spiny. Leaves ovate-oblong to elliptic, drupes less
than 1 cm long, mesocarp fleshy but thin.
SELECTIONOF MATERIALEXAMINED:
PORTUGAL.Near Cintra, Jan. 1842, Welwitsch 228. SPAIN,Alicante, Denia, 17 May
1928, Ellman & Sandwith 1223. ITALY,SARDINIA. Cagliari, Inglesias, 26 March 1912,
2 Unless otherwise stated, all specimens cited have been seen and are in the Kew Herbarium.
A REVISION OF OLEA L. (OLEACEAE) 95
Fiori & Biguinot 1912. GREECE. Lokris, Thermopyleu, 9 Aug. 1926, Mattfeld2639.
TURKEY. Mugla, Marmaris to G6kora, 14 April 1965, Davis 41074. LIBYA. Cyrenaica,
road from Cyrene to Apollonia, 28 Sept. 1951, GiminghamCY97.
This is the "wild"olive of the Mediterranean region, characterized by its shrubby
growth, frequently small leaves and small fruit with a thin mesocarp. It is debatably
the plant from which the cultivated olive was developed, as suggested by Zohary &
Hopf (1993: 131 - 132) and Zohary (1995: 380), but certainly, in many cases if not
all, it represents the feral or naturalized plant derived from the cultivated.
lb. subsp. cuspidata (Wall ex G. Don) Cif., L'Olivicoltore 19 (5): 96 (1942).

0. indica Kleinhof ex Burm. f., Fl. Indica: 6 (6 March - 5 April 1768). Type: '"Java",
Kleynhof[sic] (holotype G).
0. africanaMill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Olea4 (16 April 1768). Type: Cult. Hort. Chelsea
(holotype BM).
0. chrysophyllaLam., Tab. Encycl. 1: 2 (1791). Type: Mauritania (holotype P, n.v.;
IDC microfiche 6207, 432/8).
0. europaeasensu Thunb., Prodr. Fl. Cap.: 2 (1794), non L.
0. europaeavar. verrucosaWilld., Sp. P1. ed.4, 1: 44 (1797). Type: S Africa, Cape of
Good Hope, Thunberg(holotype UPS, n.v.; IDC microfiche 5184,8/8).
0. sativa var. verrucosa(Willd.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. P1. 1: 69 (1817).
0. verrucosa(Willd.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 33 (1821).
0. similis Burch., Trav. S. Africa 1: 177 & 2: 264 (1822 & 1824). Type as for 0.
var.verrucosa.
europaea
0. asiatica Desf., Tabl. Ecole Bot. (Cat. Hort. Paris ed. 2): 88 (1829), nom. nud.
0. ferrugineaRoyle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 267, t. 65 f. 1 (1835). Type: India, banks of
Jumma and Sutlej (holotype LIV?n.v.; isotype? K).
0. cuspidataWall. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 49 (1837). Type: India, Kumoan, Wallich
2817 (holotype K-W).
0. verrucosa var. brachybotrysDC., Prodr. 8: 285 (1844). Type: S Africa, Drege
(holotype G, n.v.).
0. somaliensis Baker in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 4 (1): 18 (1902). Type: Somalia,
Hildebrandt1524 (holotype K, isotype BM).
0. europaea L. var. nubica Schweinf. ex Baker loc. cit. (1902). Type: Sudan,
Schweinfurth249 (holotype K).
0. chrysophylla var. subnudaR. E. Fr., Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo Exped.
1: 258 (1916). Type: Congo (Kinshasa), Kasindi, Fries 1856 (holotype UPS?, n.v.).
0. schimperiGand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 58 (1918). Type: Ethiopia, Schimpered.
II no. 945 (holotype ?LY,n.v.; isotype K).
0. monticolaGand., loc. cit. (1918). Type: Eritrea, Pappi 910 (holotype ?LY,n.v.).
Linociera lebrunii Staner, Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 22: 244 (1932). Type: Uganda,
Ruwenzori, Lebrun4495 (holotype BR, n.v.).
OleakilimandscharicaKnobl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 299 (1934). Type:
Tanzania, Schlieben5065 (holotype B, tf;isotypes BM, K).
O. subtrinervataChiov., Atti Reale Accad. Italia, Mem. C1. Sci. Fis. 11: 49 (1940).
Type: Ethiopia, E. Reghini49 (holotype FT).
0. europaeavar. cuspidata(Wall. ex G. Don) Cif., L'Olivicolture 19 (5): 96 (1942).

0. chrysophyllavar. albidaA. Chev., Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 28: 10, 18, 22, fig.
4/A (1948), nom. nud.
0. chrysophylla var. somaliensis (Baker) A. Chev., op. cit.: 18 (1948).
0. chrysophylla var. aucheri A. Chev., op. cit.: 22 (1948), nom. nud.
0. chrysophylla var. nubica (Schweinf. ex Baker) A. Chev., op. cit.: 18 (1948).
0. chrysophylla var. euchrysophylla A. Chev., loc. cit. (1948).
0. chrysophylla var. cuspidata (Wall. ex G. Don) A. Chev., loc. cit. (1948).
0. chrysophylla var. ferruginea (Royle) A. Chev., loc. cit. (1948).
0. chrysophylla var. verrucosa (Willd.) A. Chev., op. cit.: 19 & 20 (1948).
0. europaeavar.ferruginea (Royle) Cif., Oleaia 3 - 4: 3 (1950).
0. aucheriA. Chev. ex Ehrend., Osterr. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Naturwiss. KI.,Anz. 97: 156
(1960). Type: Oman, Aucher-Eloy4918 (holotype WU?, n.v.; isotype K).
0. europaeasubsp. africana (Mill.) P. S. Green, Kew Bull. 34: 69 (1979).
Trees. Leaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic, or sometimes broadly elliptic, (3 -)5 -
6(- 9) cm long, (0.5 -)1 - 1.5(- 3) cm broad, abaxially covered with overlapping
peltate scales, usually silvery but sometimes tinged rusty-red. Drupes 0.5 - 1 cm
long, endocarp hard, mesocarp fleshy but thin.
SELEC(TIONOF MATERIALEXAMINED:
SAUDI ARABIA. Jebel Fayfa, 100 km NE ofJigan, 2 Aug. 1982, Collenette 3719.
YEMEN. Sumarra Pass, km 89 from Ta'iz, 17 Aug. 1987, Cope & Murtland 22.
OMAN. 1 km S of Teetaem, 8 Nov. 1977, Lawton 1855.
IRAN. Zahedan Prov., 16 miles S of Zaboli, 19 March 1971, Grey-Wilson& Hewer 212.
AFGH;IIANISTAN.Konar Prov.,just south of Barikot, 8June 1969, Hewer 1414B.
PAKISTAN. Quetta, 14 - 15 May 1965, Rechinger 29512.
KASHMIR. S side of Sutlej, above Wangtu, 14 Aug. 1847, Thomson1857.
INDIA. Uttar Pradesh, Kumaun, Blinkworth in Wallich 2817.
CHINA. Sichuan, Litang, 2June 1914, Schneider 3554; Yunnan, Mengtze [Mengzi],
Henry 10550 (K, L).
E(;YPT. Gebel Elba, Wadi Darween, 14 Jan. - 6 Feb. 1933, Fahmy & Hassib s.n.
SUDAN. Erkowit, 24 April 1967, Sahni & Kamel 677.
ERITREA. Mt Bizen, 12 May 1949, Balley7082.
ETHIOPIA. Motula, ESE of Amba, 4 Feb. 1957, Mooney 6718.
SOMALIA.61 km SW of Erigavo, 25 Nov. 1980, Hemming & Watson3262.
CON;o0 (KINSHASA). Kivu, Parc National Albert, 24 April 1953, de Wilde 548.
UGANDA. Karamoja, Moroto Mt, Feb. 1960, Wilson 819.
RWANDA. Bulenge, 8 Sept. 1953, Liben 551.
BURUNDI. Muyingas, Ruhehe (Kigoma), 29 May 1981, Reekmans 10442.
KENYA. Kiambu Distr., picnic site on the Kikuyu Escarpment, Nairobi-Naivasha
road, 21 Sept. 1971, Green2066.
TANZANIA. Arusha Distr., Meru Mt, 23 Dec. 1966, Richards 21788.
ANGOLA. Hulla, Quilemba-Chela, 4June 1937, Gossweiler 10826.
ZAMBIA.N bank of Zambesi R. near falls, 7July 1930, PoleEvans 2753.
MALAWI. Nyika National Park, 29 July 1982, Chapman 6305.
ZIMBABWE.Umvumvumvu R. gorge, 21 April 1963, Chase 8005 (BM, K).
A REVISION
OF OLEAL. (OLEACEAE) 97
MOZAMBIQUE. Maputo, Ilha da Inhaca, 28 July 1980, de Koning & Nuvunga 8358.
BOTSWANA. Ylhwane R., 17 Nov. 1977, Hansen 3285.
SWAZILAND. Nggewemphisi R., about 4 km S of Sidvokodvo, 8 Sept. 1979, Prior284.
LESOTHO. 10 km from Quthing, 10 Dec. 1977, Killick4374.
SOUTH AFRICA.Transvaal, Fountain Valley, near Pretoria, 28 Dec. 1928,
Hutchinson 2317; Natal, Mhlopeni Nature Reserve, 2 May 1983, Ward9599; Cape,
Stellenbosch, near Eerste R., 8 Oct. 1917, Garside1054.
MAURITIUS. Baie du Cap, 16 April 1974, Lorence831.
REUNION.Cirque de Maforte, May 1976, Friedmann2803.
This is the widespread wild olive which occurs from South to North-East Africa,
and from South-West Asia to the drier parts of Yunnan and Sichuan in China (see
the maps as figs 1 & 2 in Green & Wickens 1989). Lamaret et al. (2000) have
suggested that the Central and East African representatives may constitute a taxon
distinct from the Asiatic: further analysis is called for.
The leaves of this subspecies resemble those of the cultivated olive, although
sometimes in SW Asia, especially but not consistently nor exclusively, the abaxial
indumentum of the leaves is distinctly tinged rusty-red. The degree of fleshiness of
the drupes varies but is never as well developed as in subsp. europaea.It has been
reported that a crude oil is extracted from wild populations in Oman.
With a plant with such a wide distribution, and one which, though distinct, is so
similar to the highly important and cultivated olive, it is not surprising that from
several areas it has at times been described as distinct species, hence the long
synonymy. However, when specimens from the whole geographical range are
compared, no morphological characters have been found upon which to base
sound and distinct taxa. For an analysis see Green & Wickens (1989).
Collections from between 1900 and 2300 m on Mt Kulal in northern Kenya,
which is noted for its unusual flora, are noticeable for their narrow leaves that
match those of subsp. laperrinei (Masheti et al. H-335, Tweedie4244 and Verdcourt
2247). One would be inclined to consider them to belong to the Saharan subspecies
were it not for the southern position of Mt Kulal, and also for an equally narrow-
leaved collection from a lower altitude (750 m) at Dandu on the Ethiopian-Kenyan
border (Gillett13422).
In contrast, it may be noted that specimens collected in the vicinity of Mt
Kilimanjaro have leaves which tend to be broader in relation to their length than
collections from other areas. Nevertheless, similar leaves are found on material
from elsewhere, so O. kilimandscharicaKnobl. is retained as a synonym.
An interesting sweet-fruited form (Collenette4593) from isolated populations in
Saudi Arabia has been described by Collenette as f. dulcis (Collenette 1988). After
investigation this plant could prove to be of economic significance.
This subspecies has become naturalized in Hawaii, Australia, New Zealand and
on Norfolk Island, but how and when it was introduced is not known.
Ic. subsp. laperrinei (Batt. & Trab.) Cif, L'Olivicoltore 19 (5): 96 (1942).
O. laperrineiBatt. & Trab., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: 626 & 672 (1912), as "laperrini".
Type: Algeria, Haggar Mts, Laperrine(holotype AL?, n.v.).
Trees to 10 m tall. Leaves narrowly elliptic, (3 -)4 - 5(- 7) cm long, (0.5 -)0.6 -
1 (- 1.5) cm broad, drupes 6 - 7 mm long, mesocarp fleshy but thin.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
ALGERIA. Hoggar Mts, Gaudi Camp, 19 Feb. 1931, Meinertzhagen 190.
NIGER.Air Mts, top of Greboun Water Wadi, 18 March 1970, Bradley64.
SUDAN.Darfur,Jebel Marra, 17 April 1964, Wickens1461 & 21 Sept. 1964, Wickens
2687; 23 Jan. 1965, de Wildeet al. 5554.
This subspecies, with its characteristically rather narrow leaves, occurs across the
Sahara of northern Africa in three isolated populations (as shown in fig. 1 of
Green & Wickens 1989). The type population is from the Hoggar Mts in
southernmost Algeria, the eastern occurrence is found in the area of Jebel Marra
in westernmost Sudan.
The morphological characters of this subspecies and the next overlap
considerably. However, molecular studies have shown that they are distinct at that
level (Hess et al. 2000; Vargas et al. 2001).
Id. subsp. maroccana (Greuter & Burdet) P. Vargas et al., Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 58
(2): 361 (2001).
0. salicifolia M. Barbero et al., Doc. Phytosoc. II 6: 319 (1982), non Wall. ex G. Don
(1837), synon. nov. Type: Morocco, near Tamrhaght, Quezel (holotype MARSSJ,
n.v.).
Olea maroccanaGreuter & Burdet, Wildenowia 19: 37 (1989). Type as for 0. salicifolia
M. Barbero et al.
Tree to 3 m tall. Leaves very narrowly elliptic, (3 -)4 - 5(- 6) cm long, (0.5 -)0.6 -
0. 8(- 1) cm broad. Fruit somewhat fleshy, 6 - 8 mm long.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
MOROCCO.Between Agardir & Imouzzer, 26 March 1972, Davis 53704; Imouzer
Valley, north of Agadir, 28 March 1972, Bramwellet al. 308.
This subspecies occurs as an isolated population on the southern end of the High
Atlas Mts in Morocco.
le. subsp. cerasiformis G. Kunkel & Sunding, Monogr. Biol. Canar. 3: 58 (1972),
based on Olea europaea var. cerasiformis Webb & Berthel., nom. illegit.
0. europaeavar. maderensisLowe, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 4 (3): 537 (1838);
Nov. Fl. Mader.: 15 (1838) & Man. Fl. Madeira 2: 21 (1872). Type: Madeira,
Masson (holotype, BM).
0. europaeavar. cerasiformisWebb & Berthel., Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries III 2 (3): 162
(1845), nom. illegit.
O. europaeavar. buxifoliaLowe, Man. Fl. Madeira 2: 22 (1872), non Aiton (1789).
O. chrysophyllaLam. var. maderensis(Lowe) A. Chev., Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop.
28: 20, fig. 4c (1948).
O. chrysophylla Lam. var. mandonii A. Chev., loc. cit. (1948), nom. inval.
0. europaea subsp. maderensis (Lowe) O. E. Erikss. et al. in Eriksson, Hansen &

Sunding, Fl. Macaronesia, Checklist Vasc. P1. ed. 2: 60 (1979).
Tree to 3 m tall. Leaves very narrowly elliptic or almost linear, (3 -)4 - 6(- 8) cm
long, (0.3 -)0.4 - 0. 6(- 0.8) cm broad.
SELECTION OF MATERIAL EXAMINED:
MADEIRA. Ribeiro de GonCalo Aires, San Gongalo, 7 March 1937, Newberry2;
Estrada de Goncalo, 14 May 1937, Barretos.n.; Po-o da Neve, 14 May, 1865, Mandon
174; Cabo Girdo, 12 June 1865, Mandon 174a.
This is the subspecies from Madeira. It has leaves which are even narrower in
proportion to their length than those of the Canary Island and Saharan subspecies.
Although, in leaf dimensions, these subspecies overlap, they have been shown to be
distinct at the molecular level (Hess et al. 2000; Vargas et al. 2001).
The cultivated subsp. europaeais grown on the Canary Islands and it appears that
there may be introgression between the two subspecies. However, pure subsp.
cerasiformisprobably exists on sea cliffs and in other isolated areas.
If. subsp. guanchica P Vargaset al., AnalesJard. Bot. Madrid 58 (2): 361 (2001).
Type: Canary Is., la Gomera, 17 July 1998, Baimbridgeet al. 31PV98 (holotype MA;
isotype MJGn.v.).
Olea europaeavar. cerasiformis Webb & Berthel., Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries III 2 (3): 162
(1845), sensu descr nom. illegit.
0. europaeasubsp. cerasiformis G. Kunkel & Sunding, Monogr. Biol. Canar. 3: 58 (1972).
Shrub or tree to 4 m tall. Leaves very narrowly elliptic, (2.5 -)4 - 7(- 8) cm long,
(0.6 -) 0.8 - 1 (- 1.2) cm broad. Fruit fleshy, 12 - 15 mm long.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
CANARY ISLANDS. Fuerteventura, Montafio Manitera, prope Juineje, June 1914,
Buchard343 [juvenile shoots from a damaged twig]. Gran Canaria: spontaneous in
Jardin Botanico 'Viera y Clavijo', March 1978, Bramwell s.n.; opposite Quinsey's
Hotel, Monte, 7 July 1899, Rogerss.n. Tenerife, Ladera de Gilimar, 3 Feb. 1975,
Acebess.n. La Palma, Barranco del Carmen, 1 June 1913, Sprague& Hutchinson187.
This subspecies has formerly been treated as being the same wild olive as that
found on Madeira. However, although they overlap in morphological features, they
are distinct in distribution and molecular characters (see Hess et al. 2000; Vargas et
al. 2001).
Sect. Ligustroides Benth. & Hook. f, Gen. P1. 2: 679 (1876). Type: 0. capensis L.
(lectotype, here selected).
Faulia Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 84 (1836), proparte.
Enaimon Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 9 (1838). Type: E. undulata (Jacq.) Raf.
Steganthus Knobl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 116 (1934). Type: S.
welwitschii(Knobl.) Knobl. (lectotype here selected).
Leuranthus Knobl., op. cit.: 117 (1934). Type: L. woodiana (Knobl.) Knobl.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves entire, glabrous, without domatia. Inflorescence terminal

or axillary. Corolla tube short.
As is also the case within sect. Olea, there is remarkably little variation in floral
characters within sect. Ligustroides.The four triangular lobes of the calyx vary in
length between 0.5 and 0.8 mm, while for the corolla lobes the variation in length is
between between 2 and 2.5 mm, with plants from equatorial Africa exhibiting the
larger dimension. There appears to be no other floral variation.
KEY TO SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES
1. Inflorescence axillary, sometimes terminal as well .................... 2

Inflorescence terminal only (sometimes in the axils of the uppermost pair of
leaves as well) . .......................................... 4
2. Leaf apex long acute; flowers numerous .......................... 3
Leaf apex bluntly caudate; inflorescence 3 - 7-flowered. Madagascar .......
3. O. ambrensis
............................................
3. Leaves (0.7 -)1 - 2(- 2.5) cm broad, apex long acute. S Africa ............
............................ 2a. 0. woodiana subsp. woodiana
Leaves (1.7 -)2 - 3(- 4) cm broad, apex obtuse to broadly acute. Coastal SE
Kenya to NE Tanzania .............. 2b. 0. woodiana subsp. disjuncta
4. Petioles up to 10 mm long; leaves sometimes less than 1.5 cm broad ...... 5
Petioles 10 - 20 mm long; leaves usually over 1.5 cm broad ............ 10
5. Leaves broadest in the upper half, narrowly oblanceolate, rarely narrowly
elliptic, not more than 1 cm broad. S Africa ........... 5. O. exasperata
Leaves broadest about the middle or in the lower half, variously shaped, usually
more than 1 cm broad ----..................... .............. 6
6. Leaves about 4 times as long as broad o........ ............o....... 7
Leaves less than or about twice as long as broad ............. -- ..... 8
7. Pedicels (0.2 -)0.5 - 1.5 mm long; drupes ellipsoid to ovoid, 13 - 15 mm long.
Rodrigues, Mauritius and Reunion ..................... 4. 0. lancea
Pedicels (2 -)3.5 mm long; drupes ellipsoid to subglobose, 6 - 8 mm long.
Zimbabwe ...........-....................... 6. 0. chimanimani
8. Midrib evident abaxially for the full length of the leaf, primary veins usually
raised and + visible abaxially ...-.............................. 9
Midrib abaxially appearing not to reach the leaf tip; primary veins usually
obscure abaxially. S Africa and Swaziland - o 8b. 0. capensis subsp. enervis
?
9. Leaves broadly elliptic to very broadly elliptic, only slightly longer than broad;
inflorescence very dense, 2 - 4 cm long. Tanzania ....... 7. 0. schliebenii
Leaves elliptic-oblong to broadly elliptic, sometimes lanceolate to slightly
obovate; inflorescence fairly dense, 4.5 - 6.5 cm long. S Africa ..........
8a, O. capensissubsp.capensis
... ..................................a.
10. Petioles less than 2 cm long ........... 8c. O. capensis subsp. macrocarpa
Petioles usually over 2 cm long ...................... 9. O. welwitschii
2. Olea woodiana Knobl.,Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 532 (1893); Medley Wood, Natal P1. 3:
14, t. 237 (1901); Harvey in Dyer, Fl. Cap. 4 (1): 486 (1907); Sim, Forest Fl. Cape:
266 (1907); Verdoorn, Bothalia 6: 577 (1956); Green & Kupicha, Kew Bull. 34: 70
(1979). Type: KwaZulu-Natal, Medley Wood3956 = Botanic GardensDistribution 548
(holotype B, n.v.; isotype K).
Medium to large tree, 4 - 20(- 30) m tall, young stems glabrous, more or less
quadrangular. Leaves somewhat coriaceous, petioles 5 - 12(- 15) mm long, laminas
narrowly elliptic to broadly elliptic or somewhat lanceolate, base narrowly cuneate,
apex acute to long acuminate or obtuse, tip ? apiculate, margins entire, often loosely
undulate, 4 or 5 primary veins on each side of the midrib, venation otherwise obscure,
scattered peltate scales abaxially.Inflorescence terminal or axillary, cymose paniculate,
4 - 6 cm long, many-flowered;pedicels 0.5 - 3 mm long. Calyx glabrous, tube shallow,
0.25 - 0.5 mm long, lobes broadly triangular,0.5 mm long, obscurely ciliolate. Corolla
white or cream, tube 0.75 mm long, lobes 1.5 - 2 mm long, about 1 mm broad. Anthers
ellipsoid, 1 - 1.5 mm long, filament about 1 mm long. Ovary subglobose, 1 mm long,
including style 0- 0.25 mm long and globose stigma. Drupes somewhat ovoid,
narrowed towards the apex, base somewhat oblique, 8 - 15 x 5 - 10 mm.
2a. subsp. woodiana

Olea listerianaSim in Lister, Rep. Conserv. For. Cape: 98 (1897), in Sim, Forest Fl.
Cape: 266 (1907) & in Dyer, Fl. Cap. 4 (1): 1129 (1909), nomina nuda.
0. mackeniiHarv. in Dyer, Fl. Cap. 4 (1): 488 (1907). Type: KwaZulu-Natal, Gerrard
380 & 1666 (syntypes TCD?, n.s.; isosyntypes K).
Leuranthus woodianus (Knobl.) Knobl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 117
(1934).
Medium to large trees, 4 - 20(- 30) m tall. Leaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic, (3
-)4 - 7(- 8) cm long, (0.7 -)1 - 2(- 2.5) cm broad, apex long-acute, sometimes
slightly acuminate, tip apiculate.
SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Province, Lekgalameetsa Nature Reserve, Cyprus, 11
April 1985, Stalmans 739. SWAZILAND. Beside Mlawulu R., 3 Sept. 1978, Prior 238.
KwaZulu-Natal Province, Berea, near Durban, Wood3856. Eastern Cape Province,
Pondoland, Port St. Johns, Nov. 1925, Miller6130; King Williams Town, 6 Jan. 1957,
Ranger167.
2b. subsp. disjuncta S. Greensubsp. nov. foliis late ellipticis, (1.7 -)2 - 3(- 4) cm
P.
latis, apice plerumque obtuso apiculato distinguenda. Typus: Tanzania, Pangani
Distr., Bago Forest, Sept. 1955, Semsei2240 (holotypus K; isotypus EA).
[0. woodianasensu Green & Kupicha, Kew Bull. 34: 70 (1979), proparte]
Medium sized trees, 5- 16 m tall. Leaves broadly elliptic, sometimes elliptic, (3.5
-)4 - 6(- 7) cm long, (1.7 -)2 - 3(- 4) cm broad, apex sometimes acute, usually
obtuse, apiculate.
MATERIALEXAMINED:
KENYA. c. 4 km NW of Kilifi, 28 July 1974, R. B & A. J. Faden 74/1255; Shimba
Hills, 27Jan. 1959, Moomaw1282; Shimba Hills, Wireless Station area, 13 April 1968,
Magogo & Glover1050; Shimba Hills, near road past Pengo Hill, 10 July 1968, Gillett
18664; Cha Simba forest, Kwale, 1 Feb. 1953, Drummond& Hemsley1068/B.
TANZANIA. Pangani R., 30 Sept. 1966, Bradburn111 & 1llb; Kikwara, Kipumbwi,
Mwera, Pangani, 13 Dec. 1957, Tanner 3897; Bago Forest, Pangani District, Sept.
1955, Semsei2240 (holotype K, isotype EA).
3. Olea ambrensis H. Perrier,Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Ser. B, Biol. VWg.2: 277
(1950) & in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 166: 4 (1952). Type: Madagascar, Perrier 17706
(holotype P).
Trees to 15 m tall, young stems glabrous. Leaves subcoriaceous, petioles 5 - 15
mm long, laminas oblong or narrowly oblong to slightly oblanceolate, (5 -)6 - 10
cm long, (1 -)2 - 4 cm broad, base acute to somewhat obtuse, slightly decurrent
onto the petiole, apex obtuse but distinctly bluntly cuspidate, 5 - 7 primary veins on
each side of the midrib, slightly raised below, venation otherwise obscure.
Inflorescences axillary, 1.5 - 3 cm long, 3 - 7-flowered. Calyx glabrous, tube and
lobes 0.5 mm long. Corolla, stamens and ovary not seen. Drupes ovoid, 15 - 20 x 14
- 15 mm, shortly apiculate.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
MADAGASCAR. Antseranana: Montagne d'Ambre, Sept. 1926, Perrier 17706; Nosy-
Be, 3 March 1994, Antilahimena34; Marojejy R.N.I., au nord d'Andapa, Andrahanjo
Sambava, 805 m, 8 - 16 July 1994, Rasoavimbahoaka328 (K, MO); Parc National de
Masoala, 18 Sept. 1996, Rahajasoa, Bernard & Rabe 408. Toamasina: 5 - 12 km SW of
Maroantsetra, 28 Nov. 1987, Schatzet al. 1796; Station Forestiere Tampolo, 9 km N of
Fenerive, 25 Nov. 1994, Schatzet al. 3405; S of Ambila-Lemaitso village, 2 Oct. 1993,
Lewis & Razafimandimbison718. Antananarivo: Reserve Speciale d'Ambohitantely,
Sept. 1994, Andrianirisata et al. 206.
4. Olea lancea Lam., Tab. Encycl. 1: 29 (1791) & Encycl. 4: 544 (1798); DC., Prodr.
8: 286 (1844); H. Perrier in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 166: 6 (1952); Scott in Fl.
Mascareignes 119: 8 (1981). Type: Mauritius, Martin (holotype P-LA, n.v.; IDC
microfiche 6207-432/11).
0. lanceavar. latifoliaBalf. f., Philos. Trans. 168: 54 (1878). Type: Rodrigues, Balfour(K).
Steganthuslancea (Lam.) Knobl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 116 (1934).
Small bushy tree, 2 - 6 m tall or sometimes more, young stems glabrous,
somewhat four-angled. Leaves glabrous, petioles 3 - 7(- 10) mm long, laminas
lanceolate or elliptic to very narrowly so, (3 -)5 - 7(- 10) cm long, (0.4 -)0.8- 2(-
2.3) cm broad, base and apex acute, venation obscure. Inflorescences terminal,
paniculate, glabrous, pedicels (0.2 -)0.5 - 1.5 mm long. Calyx tube 0.5 mm long,
lobes triangular to broadly triangular, 0.5 mm long. Corolla, white, tube 0.5 mm
long, lobes 1.5 - 2 mm long. Anthers ellipsoid to broadly so, 1 - 1.5 mm long,
A REVISION
OFOLEAL. (OLEACEAE) 103
filaments 0.5 mm long. Ovary bottle-shaped, 0.5 mm long; stigma globose, 0.5 mm
long. Drupe ellipsoid-ovoid, 1 - 1.5 x 0.7 - 1.2 cm, apex pointed, black.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
RODRIGUES.Haute vallee de la Baie sur Huitres, July 1970, Cadet2792; Grande
Montagne, 25 July 1970, Friedmann527; pentes est de la Grande Montagne, 15 Nov.
1972, Bosser21568; without locality, Aug. - Dec. 1874, Balfour s.n. & March 1975,
Lesouef17.
MAURITIUS.Cascade Alexandra, 22 Dec. 1978, Lorence2191; Tamerind Falls
reservoir, 15 Oct. 1966, Barclays.n.; Plaine Champagne, 13 March 1974, Coode4459;
Reserve Perrier, 3 Jan. 1975, Bernardi 14855; without locality, Ayres, Bojer,Bouton,
Commerson& Delessert.
REUNION(a selection of material examined): ravine de la Grande Chaloupe, 28
Nov. 1974, Cadet4887 & 11 Jan. 1975, Bernardi 14999; Cirque de Mafatte, 15 June
1976, Bosser22165; Dos d'Ane, Feb. 1971, Bosser20666 & Dec. 1972, Friedmann2020;
Plaine d'Affouches, 3 Feb. 1971, Friedmann921 & 929; Cirque de Cilaos, 3 Dec. 1978,
Billiet & Jadin 686; Bras de Banjoin, 13 Nov. 1968, Capuron 28200; entre Deux,
Domitile, Cre de la GrandeJument, 20 Dec. 1989, Attie16; Ravine Tamarin, Oct. 1972,
Friedmann1713; without locality, Balfours.n., Boivin 1211 & 1212, & Commersons.n.
MADAGASCAR. Diego-Suarez, Montagne d'Ambre, 20 - 21 Dec. 1967, Bernardi
11967; Fort Dauphin region, forest of Petriky, 26 Oct. 1989, McPhersonet al. 14252;
Toliara, 3 km S of St Luce, 2 Nov. 1990, Randrianasoloet al. 201.
Scott (1981: 10) suggests that the specimens from Reunion have narrower leaves
than those from Mauritius, but there is considerable overlap in leaf shape between
the two islands. This species is part of the 0. capensis complex, and close to that
species, but is easily distinguished by its shorter petioles.
5. Olea exasperataJacq., Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 1, t. 251 (1798); DC., Prodr. 8: 287
(1844); Adamson & Salter, Fl. Cape Penins.: 669 (1950); Verdoorn, Bothalia 6: 579,
fig. 5 (1956) & in Dyer et al., Fl. Southern Afr. 26: 115 (1963); Palmer & Pitman,
Trees Southern Afr. 3: 1825 (1972); Palgrave, Trees Southern Afr.: 760 (1977).
Type: Jacquin, P1l.Hort. Schoenbr. 3; t. 251 (1798), neotype, selected by Verdoorn,
loc. cit. (1956).
0. humilisEckl., S. African Quart. J. 1: 370 (1830); DC., Prodr. 8: 287 (1844). Type:
on the dunes along the east coast of the Cape, Ecklon,not traced).
0. glabella Herb. Banks ex Lowe, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. VI 3: 15 (1838),
nom. nud.
Bushy shrub or small rounded tree, 0.5 - 3 m tall, young shoots somewhat
verrucose, glabrous. Leaves glabrous, petioles 2 - 5 mm long, laminas very narrowly
oblanceolate to almost elliptic, (2.5 -)3 - 8 cm long, (0.5 -)0.7 - 1 cm broad, base
and apex acute, tip mucronulate, venation obscure, margins slightly reflexed.
Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, glabrous. Calyx cupular, lobes barely
differentiated. Corolla white, tube 0.5 mm long, lobes 1.5 - 2 mm long. Anthers
spheroid, 1 - 1.5 mm long, filaments 0.5 - 0.75 mm long. Ovary flask-shaped, 1 mm
104 KEWBULLETIN VOL. 57(1)
long including somewhat globose stigma. Drupes ellipsoid-globose, 8 - 10 x 7 - 8

mm, black when ripe.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
SOUTH AFRICA. Eastern Cape Province, E London, Bonza Bay, 15 May 1955,
Comins 1054. Peddie, Keiskama R. mouth, 11 Aug. 1960, Cummins 2061 (BM, K).
Albany, Grahamstown, 12 March 1974, Bayliss 6348; without locality, Atherstone95.
Bathurst, near Port Alfred, 26 Sept. 1813, Burchell3829; Port Alfred, 19 Nov. 1973,
Bayliss 687; Kat Valley, near Bathurst, 9 Sept. 1975, Bayliss 6001. Alexandra,
Bushman's R. Mouth, 10 Aug. 1954, Johnson 1016 & 27 Aug. 1951, Archibald3678.
Uitenhage, near mouth of Zwartkops River, 1837, Drege. Addo, Zeyher.
Humansdorp, Slang R. Common, 26 Nov. 1921, Phillips 3349. Western Cape
Province, Knysna, Plettenberg Bay, Burchell5308; Lake Pleasant Hotel, 12 July 1970,
Acocks21213. George, Wilderness, Nov. 1925, Mogg s.n. Mossel Bay, 28 Oct. 1814,
Burchell6313. Riversdale, Stillbay Panorama Circle 16, 5 Sept. 1978, Bohnen 4083; 10
miles SSE of Riversdale, 3 July 1968, Acocks 14592. Bredasdorp, Ratel R., 16 Aug.
1960, van Breda809. Caledon, De Kelders, 22 May 1962, van de Merve 1041; Geelhek,
4 Jan. 1935, Pole Evans 4329. Stellenbosch, Strand, 12 Sept. 1941, Parker3591 & 9
May 1942, Parker3662. Peninsula, near Muizenberg, 31 July 1892, Schlechter1264.
Olea exasperatais characteristic of shrubby communities on maritime sand dunes
in a narrow band along the coast of Cape Province.
6. Olea chimanimani Kupicha, Kew Bull. 34: 71, fig. 1 (1979) & in Launert, Fl.
Zambes. 7: 327 (1983). Type: Zimbabwe, Goodier& Phipps 308 (holotype K; isotypes
PRE & SRGH, n.v.).
Shrub or small tree, 2- 6 m tall; young stems glabrous. Leaves glabrous, petioles 3
- 6 mm long, laminas narrowly elliptic, (3 -)4 - 6(- 7) cm long, (0.5 -)0.7 - 1(- 1.5)
cm broad, base acute, apex acute, sometimes obtuse, tip mucronulate, venation
obscure. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, glabrous, peduncle and pedicels slender,
(2 -) 3.5 mm long. Calyx tube 0.25 mm long, lobes triangular, 0.25 mm long. Corolla
white or cream, tube 0.25 - 3 mm long, lobes 1.5 mm long. Anthers broadly ellipsoid-
spheroid, 1 - 1.5 mm long, filaments about 1 mm long. Ovary flask-shaped, 1.5 mm
long, including globose capitate stigma. Drupe ellipsoid-globose, 6 - 8 x 5 - 6 mm.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
ZIMBABWE. Selukwe, Umbetekwe R., 10 Sept. 1975, Wild 8009. Melsetter,
Chimanimani Mts, 26 Sept. 1906, Swynnerton 1281 (BM, K); 20 Aug. 1954, Wild
4575; Dec. 1955, Stables5/55; 14Jan. 1974, Bampset al. 830; and Stonehenge, 0.4 km
W of mountain hut, 28 Dec. 1959, Goodier& Phipps 308 (holotype K).
MOZAMBIQUE. Chimanimani Mts, 1973, Dutton 77 (LMA, n.v.).
This very localized species is characteristic of the inhospitable soils derived from
serpentine or quartzite rock (Wild 8009). Also recorded from the Mozambique side
of the Chimanimani Mts, Dutton 77 (LMA).
Although treated here as a separate species, it is very close to O. lancea, of which it
might be classified as a subspecies.
7. Olea schliebenii Knobl.,Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 199 (1934); Brenan,
Check-List Forest Trees, Tanganyika Terr.: 393 (1949); Turrill in Fl. Trop. E. Afr.,
Oleaceae:10 (1952). Type: Tanzania, Schlieben3553 (holotype B,t; isotype BM).
Tree about 7 m tall, young shoots slightly quadrangular, scattered-lenticellate.
Leaves glabrous, coriaceous, petioles 4 - 6 mm long, laminas elliptic to broadly
elliptic, 2.5 - 5 cm long, 2 - 4 cm broad, base obtuse, apex rounded to obtuse, tip
shortly cuspidate, 4 - 5 primary veins just visible on each side of the midrib,
venation otherwise obscure. Inflorescence terminal, glabrous, dense, pedicels 0-
0.5 mm long. Calyx cupulate, 0.5 - 0.75 mm long, lobes broadly triangular. Corolla
white, tube 0.5 mm long, lobes 1.5 - 2 mm long. Anthers ellipsoid, 1.5 mm long,
filaments 0.5 mm long. Ovary flask-shaped, 1.5 mm long, including globose stigma.
Drupes not known.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
TANZANIA. Morogoro Distr., Uluguru Forest Reserve, March 1955, Semsei2073;
Ulugurus, Lukwangule, Lupango, 30 Jan. 1935, Bruce 736 (BM, K). Iringa Distr.,
Dabaga Highlands, 5 miles (8 km) S of Dabaga, 22 Feb. 1962, Polhill & Paulo 1574.
This species is another local endemic, known only from the Uluguru Mts where,
in 1955, it was described as "afairly common tree" (Semsei2072).
8. Olea capensis L., Sp. Pl.: 8 (1753); DC., Prodr. 8: 287 (1844); Harvey in Dyer, Fl.
Cap. 4 (1): 487 (1907); Adamson & Salter, Fl. Cape Peninsula: 669 (1950);
Verdoorn, Bothalia 6: 581 (1956) & in Dyer et al., Fl. Southern Afr. 116 (1963);
White, Forest Fl. N. Rhodesia: 337 (1962) & in Chapman & White, Evergr. Forests
Malawi: 44 (1970); Fanshawe, Check-List Woody P1. Zambia: 31 (1973); Kupicha in
Launert, Fl. Zambes. 7: 324 (1983). Type: Cape of Good Hope (lectotype, LINN
20.4, here selected; IDC microfiche 177/2.5/13).
Shrubs or usually trees, 1 - 30 m tall, young stems glabrous, + terete. Leaves
coriaceous, glabrous, petioles 5 - 10(- 15) mm long, laminas very variable, narrowly
elliptic to oblong-elliptic, somewhat ovate or slightly obovate, 3 - 11 cm long, 1.5 - 5
cm broad, base acute, attenuate onto the petiole, apex acute to obtuse, to somewhat
acuminate, mucronulate, venation usually obscure, sometime 5 or 6 primary veins
on each side of the midrib slightly raised, margins slightly revolute, often somewhat
undulate. Inflorescence terminal, cymose-paniculate, glabrous. Calyx cupulate, 1
mm long, lobes triangular, 0.5 - 0.8 mm long. Corolla white, tube about 1 mm long,
lobes 2 - 2.5 mm long, margins slightly involute, tip mucronulate. Stamens ellipsoid,
2 mm long. Ovary flask-shaped, 1.5 mm long, including style. Drupe subglobose to
ellipsoid, 0.5 - 2 x 0.4 - 1 cm.
8a. subsp. capensis; Verdoorn, Bothalia 6: 582 (1956) & in Dyer et al., Fl. Southern
Afr. 26: 117 (1963); Palmer & Pitman, Trees Southern Afr.: 1827 (1972); Palgrave,
Trees Southern Afr.: 759 (1977).
O. buxifoliaMill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, OleaNo. 5 (1768).
O. capensisvar. coriaceaAiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 13 (1789). Type: not traced.
106 KEWBULLETIN VOL. 57(1)
0. capensis var. undulata Aiton, loc. cit. (1789). Type not traced.
0. laurifolia Lam., Tab. Encycl. 1: 29 (1791) & Encycl. 4: 545 (1798). Type: Cape of
Good Hope, collector not recorded (holotype P, n.v.; IDC microfiche
6207/2.422/5).
0. cassinifolia Salisb., Prodr.: 13 (1796), nom. illegit.
0. undulata (Aiton) Jacq., P1. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 1, t. 2 (1797); Hooker, Bot. Mag.
58: t. 3089 (1831).
0. nigra Loisel., Herb. Gen. Amat. 4: t. 256 (1820).
Ligustrum nepalense var. glabrum Hook., Bot. Mag. 56: t. 2921 (1829). Type: cult.
Hort. Bot. Glasgow (holotype K).
Olea intermediaTausch, Flora 29: 393 (1836). Type: cult. in Hort. Bot. Prag., n.v.
Faulia verrucosa Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 84 (1837). Based on Ligustrum nepalense var.
glabrum.
Olea concolorE. Mey., Comm. P1. Afr. Austr.: 176 (1837); DC., Prodr. 8: 286 (1844).
Type: S Africa, Cape, Drige s.n. (holotype B, ?t; isotype K).
0. undulata var. planifolia E. Mey., loc. cit. (1837). Type: S Africa, Cape, Drege s.n.
(holotype B, t).
Enaimon undulatum (Aiton) Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 5 (1838).
Ligustrum hookeriDecne., Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 22: 10 (1877). Based on L. nepalense
var. glabrum.
LinocieraurophyllaGilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 373 (1901). Type: Tanzania, Goetze1364
(holotype B, n.v., ? t; isotype BM).
Olea laurifoliavar. concolor(E. Mey.) Harv. in Dyer, Fl. Cap. 4 (1): 487 (1907).
0. urophylla(Gilg) Gilg & Schellenb., Bot.Jahrb. Syst. 51: 75 (1913).
Steganthusurophylla(Gilg) Knobl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 116 (1934).
Shrubs or small trees, 1 - 10 m tall. Leaves very variable, usually elliptic-oblong to
broadly elliptic, sometimes lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, or somewhat obovate
to subcircular, (1.6 -)3.5 - 6.5(- 11.5) cm long, (0.6 -)1.5 - 2. 5(- 5.5) cm broad,
petioles (2 -)3 - 10(- 13) mm long, apex acute to broadly obtuse or rounded,
sometimes subacuminate, mucronulate, midrib evident throughout the length of
the leaf. Drupe ellipsoid to almost globose, 7 - 9 x 6 - 8 mm.
SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal Province: Port Edward, Uvongo, July 1935, Letty
219 and Beacon Hill West, 14 July 1976, Venter 1016. Eastern Cape Province:
Lusikisiki, near Fraser Falls, 26 Feb. 1947, Acocks13431; Kentani, Jan. 1909, Pegler
994; East London, Chalumna R. mouth, 28 Oct. 1984, Phillipson 915; Albany,
Faraway,portion 3 of Coldsprings, Grahamstown, 7 Jan. 1984, Jacot Guillarmod9321;
Bathurst, Kenton-on-Sea, 27 June 1955, Acocks 183218; Somerset East, Zuurberg
Pass, 16 April 1945, Story2300; Alexandria, Kambra R., 29 Nov. 1954, Archibald5666;
Uitenhage, Coega Catchment Basin, Groendal Wilderness Reserve, 29 Sept. 1974,
Scharf1638; Port Elizabeth, Bain's Kloof, 7 Feb. 1946, Thompson153; Humansdorp,
Witte-Els-Bosch, Aug. 1921, Fourcade1412; Willowmore, Baviaankloof, Cambria, 9
Sept. 1973, Geldenhuys277. Western Cape Province: Knysna, Deep Wells Forest
Reserve, 4 Sept. 1947, Rodin 1167; George, lower part of Cradock Berg, Burchell
6013; Bredasdorp, Cape Agulhas, 15 Jan. 1931, Galpin 11254; Worcester, Bain's
Kloof, Dec. 1924, Rogers 29933; Caledon, near Elgin, 7 July 1977, Bayliss 951;
Stellenbosch, Sir Lowrys Pass, 17 Jan. 1896, Schlechter7267; Wynberg, Sandy Bay, 26
Aug. 1970, van Jaarsveld 3475; Peninsula, Blackburn Kloof, near Houtbay, 7 Dec.
1954, Marais 610; Wellington, Bain's Kloof summit, 18 Feb. 1933, M. C. Gillett781;
Tulbagh, between New Kloof and Elands Kloof, Drege (type of Olea concolor);
Piquetberg, Porterville, 28 Feb. 1987, Linder4004.
This subspecies is remarkable for its diversity of leaf shape; elliptic is the
"average" shape, with variations towards narrower or broader, ovate or obovate;
variation stressed by Verdoorn (1956) in her revision of the southern African
species of Olea.
The distribution of subsp. capensis is coastal or close to the coast along the
southern parts of the Eastern and Western Cape Provinces, except for a gap in the
districts of Mossel Bay, Riversdale and Swellendam. It has beeen recorded from the
Clanwilliam district, to the north-east of Cape Town (Pillans 8716, fide Verdoorn
1956) but I have not seen this collection, nor one from Ceres.
8b. subsp. enervis (Harv.) L Verd.,Bothalia 6: 588, fig. 9 (1956) & in Dyer et al., Fl.
Southern Afr. 26: 117 (1963); Palmer & Pitman, Trees Southern Afr.: 1827 (1972);
Palgrave, Trees Southern Afr.: 759 (1977).
Olea enervis Harv. in Dyer, Fl. Cap. 4 (1): 488 (1907). Type: Natal, Gerrard1151
(holotype K, isotype BM).
Shrub or more usually tree, (2.5 -)3 - 15 m tall. Leaves elliptic, (1.7 -)2.5 - 4. 5(-
6.3) cm long, (0.7 -)1 - 2. 5(- 3) cm broad; petioles (2 -)3 - 5(- 8) mm long, apex
acute or obtuse, tip mucronulate, midrib abaxially prominent in the lower half,
obscure to not visible in the upper third, primary veins not visible abaxially. Drupes
ellipsoid, 6 - 8(- 10) x 4 - 6(- 7) mm.
SOUTHAFRICA.Northern Province: Zoutpansberg, between Thompson's store
and Lake Funduzi, 21 Dec. 1928, Gillett3085; Potgietersrust, 4.5 km SE of Palala
P.O., 17 Dec. 1946, Story1167; Pietersburg, Blauwberg, 27 April 1954, Codd & Dyer
9001; North-West Province: near Rustenburg, Dec. 1975, Kerfoot 7672; Brits,
Magaliesberg, 6 Jan. 1954, Marais 285. Mpumalanga Province: Lydenburg, Agnes
Mine road, west of Barberton, 13 Nov. 1968, Edwards 4120; Barberton, between
Louws Creek and Maid of the Mist Mts, 5 Jan. 1929, Hutchinson 2434; Piet Retief,
Mooihoek, 31 Dec. 1971, Devenish 1486. KwaZulu-NatalProvince: Mtunzini, Ngoye
Forest Reserve, 30 March 1984, Balkwill et al. 1339; Weenen, Blauw Krans R., 7 May
1937, Pentz 218; Msinga, Buffalo R. and Mooi R., Gerrard 1151 (holotype K);
N'Kandhla, Oueni, 8 Sept. 1939, Gerstner3572; Pietermaritzburg, Umzinyati Falls, 10
Aug. 1969, Strey8842; Mapumulo, 26 March 1957, Edwards1788; N'dwedwe, Inanda,
?1879, MedleyWood500; Port Shepstone, Ngongongo, 27 Dec. 1966, Strey7133.
SWAZILAND.Lembombos Mts, 4 Feb. 1948, Hornby s.n.
This subspecies is much less variable in leaf shape and size than subsp. capensis.
Although the two mostly occupy distinct areas, with subsp. capensispredominantly a
coastal plant, having a more southerly range, the distinction between the subspecies
is less clear in their adjacent areas in the Transvaal and Natal.
8c. subsp. macrocarpa (C. H. Wright)L Verd.,Bothalia 6: 590 (1956) & in Dyer et al.,
Fl. Southern Afr. 26: 119 (1963); Palmer & Pitman, Trees Southern Afr.: 1827
(1972); Palgrave, Trees Southern Afr.: 759 (1977).
0. hochstetteriBaker in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 4 (1): 17 (1902); Brenan, Check-List
Forest Trees, Tanganyika Terr.: 393 (1949); Turrill in Fl. Trop. E. Afr., Oleaceae:
10 (1952); Green in Hepper, Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed 2, 2: 49 (1963); Liben in Fl.
Afr. Centr., 23 (1973). Type: Ethiopia, Schimper871 (holotype K; isotype
BM, GH). Oleaceae.
0. macrocarpaC. H. Wright in Dyer, Fl. Cap. 4 (1): 1129 (1909) & in Bull. Misc.
Inform., Kew 1909: 186 (1909). Type: Northern Province, Pilgrims Rest, Grenfell
869 (lectotype K, selected by Verdoorn 1956: 590; isolectotype PRE, n.v.).
0. laurifolia auct. Sim, Forest Fl. Cape: 264, t. 106 (1907) pro parte; Phillips, Trans.
Roy. Soc. South Africa 16: 170, 180 (1928), non Lam.
O. guineensis Hutch. & C. A. Sm. [in Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 26
(1931), nom. illegit.] ex Hutch. & Dalziel, Bull. Misc. Inform., Kew 1937: 336
(1937); Aubreville, Fl. Forest. Cote d'Ivoire, ed. 2, 3: 178, t. 317 (1959). Type:
Ivory Coast, Chevalier21358 (holotype K).
0. perrieriA. Chev. ex H. Perrier, M6m. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Ser. B, Biol. Veg. 2: 276
(1950) & in Humbert, Fl. Madagascar 166: 3, fig. 1 (1952). Type: Madagascar,
Perrier2027 (holotype P, n.v.).
0. madagascariensisBoivin ex H. Perrier, Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Ser. B, Biol.
Veg. 2: 277 (1950) & in Humbert, Fl. Madagascar 166: 6, fig. 2 (1952). Types:
Madagascar, Richard62, 88 & 623, Boivin 2450, Ursch149 & Perrier18888 (syntypes
P, n.v.) and Baron 6410 (syntype P, n.v.; isosyntype K).
0. capensissubsp. hochstetteri(Baker) Friis & P. S. Green, Kew Bull. 41: 36 (1986).
Tree, 3 - 30 m tall. Leaves coriaceous, petioles (7 -)10 - 15(- 20) mm long,
laminas usually elliptic but varying from narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate,
elliptic or oblong, (3 -)4 - 16 cm long, (0.8 -)2 - 6.5 cm broad, apex acute or
acuminate, sometimes obtuse but with an abrupt acumen, midrib and secondary
veins slightly raised on both surfaces, 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib. Fruit ovoid
to ellipsoid, 10 - 18 x 6 - 10 mm.

GUINEAREPUBLIC.Ziama Massif, May 1945, Schnell2626.
SIERRALEONE. Tingi Mts, E slopes of Neramofondi, 12 Dec. 1965, Morton &
GledhillSL2989.
IVORYCOAST. Mt Momy, Monts des Dans, 30 Jan. 1984, Hepper& Maley7943.
NIGERIA.Jos Plateau, near Binchi, 29 Oct. 1969, Magaji & Tuley1790. Bamenda,
Bali-Ngemba Forest Reserve, 7 June 1951, Ujorin FHI30428.
CAMEROON.Monts Mandara, sommet de l'Hossere Oupay, 15 Sept. 1964,
Letouzey6933.
A REVISION
CONGO (KINSHASA). Kivu Mont, Masisi, Kaha,Jan. 1959, Leonard2686.

RWANDA. Keru, Mayaga, 21 June 1954, Liben 1566.
BURUNDI. Burundi Prov., Muzye (Mosse), 3 March 1981, Reekmans 9712.
SUDAN. Imatong Mts, from Bushbuck Hill to Mt Kondoro, 5 June 1982, Friis &
Vollesen1106; Didinga Mts, Mt Lotuke, 20 April 1939, Myers10966a.
ETHIOPIA. Arussi Province, 7 km SE of Degaga, 20 Feb. 1970, Gilbert1758; Siamo
Province, 40 km N of Kabre Mengist, 15 Nov. 1972, Friis et al. 1089.
SOMALIA. 7 km from Fanoole Barrage, 7 Aug. 1986, Hemming & Deshmukh
Jess/86/96.
UGANDA. Ankole Distr., Walemere, 11 Dec. 1950, Jarrett 469.
KENYA.Mt Kenya, 5 April 1975, Hepper et al. 4887. Turkana Distr., Moruassigar, 17
Feb. 1965, Newbold7247.
TANZANIA.Arusha Distr., Meru, 29 Aug. 1951, Hughes 98. Lushoto Distr., W
Usambaras, Shagayu Forest, May 1953, Procter202.
MADAGASCAR. Antsiranana: near Diego-Suarez, Baron 6410: S of Antsiranana,
Parc National Montagne d'Ambre, 22 Nov. 1989, McPherson14515 (K, MO); E of
Ankaramy, Reserve Special Monongarivo, Antsatrotro, 13 April 1992, Malcomberet al.
1473 (K, MO); near Antalaha, Nov. 1912, Perrier2027 (P); region de Sambava, 30
Nov. 1950, Capuron875 SF (P). Fianarantsoa, vicinity of Ranomafana National Park,
between 2 and 4.5 km W of Vohiparara, 17 Oct 1994, Randrianasolo& Marolahy162
(K, MO).
COMOROS. Njazidja (Grande Comore), region Simboussa, 30 Nov. 1967, Bernardi
11609. Nzwani (Anjouan), SE face of Mt Tingui, 12 March 1957, Lebat & Pignal
1397. Mayotte, Dapani, 17 Jan. 1996, Pascal 335, 23 Jan. 1996, Pascal 355 & 11 April
1996, Pascal 459.
SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Province: Zoutpansberg, Hangklip, 10 Feb. 1946,
Gerstner6015 and below Entabeni, 19 Aug. 1930, Hutchinson & Gillett4276; Letaba,
Woodbush, "Zoutpansberg", 2 April 1908, D. F 0. 4329 (syntype) and Duivelskloof,
27Jan. 1961, Scheepers1104. North-West Province: Brits, Magaliesberg, 10 Nov. 1956,
Innes & Stone 1391. Mpumalanga Province: Lydenburg, Sabie Hoek(?) Forest, 27
Jan. 1906, Burtt-Davy 1651; Pilgrims Rest, forest near Pilgrim's Way, May 1905,
Grenfell869 (lectotype). KwaZulu-Natal Province: Ubombo, Gwaleweni Forest, 18
Oct. 1971, Moll & Nel 5518; Hlabesa, Hluhluwe Reserve, 27 March 1954, Ward2247;
Nkandhla, Qudeni Forest, Feb. 1940, Bayer811; Mtunzini, MrJ. Garland's farm, 20
Oct. 1966, Venter 2764; Lions R., Karkloof, 18 Feb. 1967, Moll 3486;
Pietermaritzberg, Karkloof Timber Co. Forest, 22 Feb. 1967, Moll 3513; Inanda,
Hawaan, 16 March 1966, Moll 3108. Eastern Cape Province: Uitenhage, Groendal
Wilderness Reserve, 26 Aug. 1974, Scharf1530. Western Cape Province: Swellendam,
Grootvaders Bosch, Burchell 7227; George, near George, Burchell 6077; Knysna,
Knysna Forest, 16 Sept. 1937, Garside4895.
SWAZILAND. Forbs Reef, 1 Jan. 1905, Burtt-Davy 2745 and King's Forest N of
Sebulembu border post, 23 July 1981, Prior465.
This subspecies is also very variable in leaf breadth and size. When comparison of
the tropical African plant, widely known in several Floras as O. hochstetteri,
is made with
the South African O. capensissubsp. macrocarpait becomes clear that they represent
the same Afromontane taxon. It is also evident that it belongs as a subspecies within
the 0. capensiscomplex, and at this taxonomic rank its earliest epithet is macrocarpa.
Kupicha (1983: 324 - 5) sank both these names under 0. capensisbut admitted
that she was taking a broad concept of this species and sank taxa which in this
revision are maintained as distinct. Similarly White (1983: 198 - 201) also took this
broad view. Von Breitenbach (1989: 37), without giving a formal synonymy, agrees
that 0. hochstetterishould be associated with 0. capensisand suggests that it may be
close to or identical to the "forest form" of this species. He further suggests that
there is "at least one different form in the northern Transvaal forests". However, an
analysis of the available herbarium material does not disclose such an entity;
perhaps these "forms"are ecotypes.
The occurence of 0. capensisin the Camoros is recorded by Labat et al. (1999).
An examination of several of the collections they cite shows that it is subsp.
macrocarpawhich occurs there.
Having studied Oleathroughout continental Africa in detail, Dyer (1991) suggests
that 0. hochstetterishould be regarded as a subspecies of 0. capensis. With this
suggestion I concur and place it as part of subsp. macrocarpa.
Within South Africa, the southernmost part of the broad distribution of this
subspecies overlaps with that of subsp. capensis. They appear to be ecologically
separated, with subsp. macrocarpaas a tall forest tree, subsp. capensisa coastal shrub
or small tree and subsp. enervisat most a medium sized tree.
The ecology of this subspecies, particularly in the Knysna area of South Africa,
was the subject of a detailed account by Phillips (1928), under the name O.
laurifolia.In addition to the Districts in the Eastern & Western Cape Provinces cited
above it has been recorded by Verdoorn (1956: 590) from the following, all in the
Eastern Cape Province: Tabanukulu, Lusikisiki, Stutterheim and Humansdorp, from
which no material has been seen in this investigaton. Von Breitenbach (1989: 37)
has suggested that there are two entities within what has been called 0. macrocarpa.
However, their recognition would seem to depend on observations with living plants
and in the field; using the dried specimens at my disposal I have failed to make a
satisfactory differentiation.
9. Olea welwitschii (Knobl.) Gilg & Schellenb.,Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 76 (1913); Turrill in
Fl. Trop. E. Afr., Oleaceae.12 (1952); Liben in Fl. Afr. Centr., Oleaceae:24, t. 6 (1973).
MayapeawelwitschiiKnobl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 530 (1893). Type: Angola, Welwitsch
945 (B, t; isotype BM).
Linocierawelwitschii(Knobl.) Baker in Fl. Trop. Afr. 4: 20 (1902).
Osmanthuswelwitschii (Knobl.) Knobl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 1031
(1934).
Steganthus welwitschii (Knobl.) Knobl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 116
(1936).
Olea mussolinii Chiov., Atti Reale Accad. Italia, Mem. C1. Sci. Fis. VI 11 (P1. Nov.
Aethiop.): 48 (1940). Types: Ethiopia, Milizia Forestale184 & 648, Giordano2459
and Cupuano2511 & 2532 (syntypes ?FT,n.v.).
O. capensissubsp. welwitschii(Knobl.) Friis & P. S. Green, Kew Bull. 41: 36 (1986).
A REVISION
Tree to 35 m tall. Leaves somewhat coriaceous, petioles slender 1.7 - 4 cm long,

laminas lanceolate to elliptic, sometimes narrowly so, (7 -)8 - 12(- 17) cm long,
(2.5 -)3.5 - 5(- 6) cm broad, base obtuse to acute, slightly attenuate onto the
petiole, apex long acute-acuminate, 7 - 9 primary veins on each side of the midrib,
slightly raised above and below, otherwise venation obscure. Inflorescence terminal,
paniculate, (5 -)8 - 15 cm long, flowers numerous, pedicels 0.5 - 3 mm long. Calyx
1 mm long, lobes broadly triangular, 0.5 mm long. Corolla tube 1 mm long, lobes
triangular-ovate, 2 mm long, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens exserted, filaments 0.5
mm long, anthers ellipsoid, 1 mm long. Ovary globose, 0.5 mm long, style,
including ovoid stigma, 0.5 mm long. Drupes ovoid-ellipsoid, 10- 12 x 6 - 7 mm.
SELECTIONOF MATERIALEXAMINED:
UGANDA. Bunyoro Distr., Bugoma Forest, Aug. 1935, Eggeling1757.
KENYA.Kakamega Forest, 12 Dec. 1956, Verdcourt 1714.
TANZANIA. Kigoma Distr., Mahali Mts, Ujamba, 28 July 1958, Jefford et al. 268.
Arusha Distr., Mt Meru, 10 Aug. 1954, Hughes 208; Ngongongare Forest, 3 Aug.
1951, Greenway& Hughes 8564. Mufindi Distr., below Idege Division Headquarters,
25 Aug. 1971, Perdue& Kibuwa11242.
ANGOLA.Loanda, Cazengo, Gossweiler4455.
ZAMBIA. Mwinilunga Distr., Zambesi rapids, 20 Feb. 1975, Hooper & Townsend
231. Ndola, 21 March 1960, Mutimushi79. Mt Wedza, 2 Jan. 1937, McGregor25/37.
MALAWI. Ntchisi Distr., Ntchisi Forest Reserve, 26 March 1970, Brummitt9423. Mt
Mulanji, Litchenya Plateau, 4 Nov. 1986,J. D. & E. G. Chapman8189.
MOZAMBIQUE. Beira Distr., Cheringoma Plateau, July 1972, Tinley2689. Manica e
Sofala Distr., Tsetser area near road to Mavita, Miiller506.
The collection from the Mahali Mts, Tanzania (Jeffordet al. 268) was annotated by
the collectors as "possibly a hybrid: Olea hochstetterix welwitschii",is, I think, but a
small-leaved specimen of the latter. On examination using Alexander's stain, its
pollen proves to be normal with cytoplasm present, and not abortive.
Subgen. Tetrapilus (Lour.) P S. Greenstat. nov.

TetrapilusLour., Fl. Cochinch.: 611 (1790); Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl.
Herb. 2: 407 (1957). Type species: T brachiatusLour.
PicricaryaDennst., Schlfissel Hortus Malab.: 30 (1818). Type species: P oppositifolia
Dennst.
PachydermaBlume, Bijdr.: 682 (1826). Type species: P javanica Blume.
StereodermaBlume, Fl. Javae 7: 7 (1828). Type species: S. javanica (Blume) Blume.
Oleasect. Tetrapilus(Lour.) Kuntze in Post & Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan.: 397 (1903).
Shrubs or trees. Leaves entire or dentate, glabrous or pilose, without domatia.
Inflorescences axillary. Corolla tube well developed.
The flowers in this subgenus are remarkable for their near uniformity, with little
or no specific differentiation.
Johnson (1957: 407) has proposed that this subgenus should be classified as a
genus, a status apparently supported by some recent molecular studies. However, its
112 KEW BULLETIN VOI. 57(1)
taxonomic recognition as a distinct taxon is adequately reflected at the rank of

subgenus without the added burden of creating a number of new combinations
under another and little-known generic name.
KEY TO SPECIES
1. Flowers with corolla ......................................... 2

Flowers without corolla. Sikkim ....................... 32. 0. gamblei
2. Base of leaves acute or obtuse, + decurrent onto the petiole ............ 3
Base of leaves cordate ............................. 22
3. Leaves glabrous ............................................ ............ 4
Leaves velvety, pilose or finely tomentose ......................... 21
4. Leaves usually less than 9 cm, rarely to 11 cm long ................... 5
Leaves usually more than 9 cm long, rarely less and then very narrow .... 10
5. Leaves 5 cm long or more, rarely 3 cm, with 5 or 6 primary veins on each side
of the midrib ............................................ 6
Leaves 6 cm long or less, rarely to 9 cm, with 4 or 5 primary veins on each side
of the midrib . ........................................... 8
6. Young stems and petioles puberulous; inflorescences 1 - 5(- 8) cm long,
glabrous to finely puberulous ................................ 7
Young stems and petioles glabrous; inflorescences 7 - 18 cm long, glabrous.
China (Guangdong & Hainan) ..................... 12. 0. tsoongii
7. Leaf apex acuminate, margins entire or with a few teeth c. 1 mm long. SE China,
Hainan, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam & Malaya .... 10. 0. brachiata
Leaf apex obtuse to acute, sometimes shortly and abruptly acuminate, margins
entire or with up to numerous sharp teeth c. 0.5 mm long. China (Yunnan &
Sichuan) ................................. 11. 0. yuennanensis
8. Leaf venation obscure above and below; corolla lobes 1.3 - 1.5 mm long, longer
than 0.5 - 0.7 m m tube ..................................... 9
Leaf venation with 4 or 5 primary veins on each side of the midrib, raised
below, sunk above; corolla lobes 0.5 - 1 mm long, shorter than the 1.5 mm
tube. India (Tamil Nadu) ........................ 15. 0. polygama
9. Apex of leaf obtuse, blunt. China (Hainan) ............ 13. O.parvilimba
Apex of leaf rounded to sometimes very shortly acuminate. Philippines .....
14. O. obovata
.............................. ...............
................................... 11
10. Leaves 2 or more cm broad
Leaves 1 cm or less broad. China (Hainan) ............. 27. 0. neriifolia
11. Inflorescence + finely pubescent; leaves 3 or more times as long as broad - - 12
Inflorescence glabrous, leaves 2 or 3 times as long as broad ............ 13
12. Inflorescence (6 -)8 - 17 cm long; leaves elliptic-lanceolate to lanceolate,
sometimes narrowly so, (5 -)10- 19 cm long, 2 - 4(- 6) cm broad. W India,
Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam & Malaya .
16.
O. salicifolia?
.... ...........................
Inflorescence 1 - 3 cm long; leaves oblong-elliptic to slightly oblanceolate, 13 -
28 cm long, 5- 9 cm broad. Thailand .............. 17. O. gagnepainii
13. Apex of leaves very slenderly acuminate, acumen 1.5 - 2.5 cm long; pedicels 5 -
7 mm long. China (Yunnan) ....................... 18.O0. laxiflora
Apex of leaves shortly acuminate, acute or obtuse; pedicels 0.5 - 5 mm long - - 14
14. Primary veins in leaves faint or obscure above and below, leaves coriaceous.
Borneo, Philippines ........................... 19. 0. borneensis
Primary veins in leaves evident below, sometime also above, leaves + coriaceous
.. . ................. ................ 15
..............0? .010? ?
15. Margins of leaves toothed .................................... 16
Margins of leaves entire ..................................... 18
16. Leaves 3.5 times as long as broad. China (Hainan), Laos - 20. 0. hainanensis
Leaves 2 to 3 times as long as broad ............................. ? 17
17. Leaves acuminate, often abruptly so; 4 or 5 primary veins raised below,
prominent, sunk above; 10 - 30 small acute teeth on each side. India,
Bangladesh & Burma .............................. 21. 0. dioica
Leaves usually gradualy acuminate; 6 or 7 primary veins on each side of the
midrib, obscure above, obscure to slightly raised below; up to 10 teeth per
margin. India ................................. 22. 0. wightiana
18. Leaves 18 - 25 cm long with 10 - 14 primary veins on each side of the midrib
........................................23. 0. moluccensis
Leaves 2 - 17 cm long with 5 - 9 primary veins on each side of the midrib - 19
19. Leaves ovate to elliptic, (4 -)6 - 12 cm long, (2 -)3 - 4(- 4.5) cm broad. Sabah,
Sarawak & Philippines ......................... 24. 0. rubrovenia
Leaves lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, elliptic or broadly elliptic, (6 -)7 - 1
5(- 17) cm long, (2 -)3 - 5(- 7.5) cm broad ..................... 20
20. Leaves with 4 - 6(- 7) primary veins on each side of the midrib; pedicels and
calyx glabrous. Java, Sarawak,Brunei, Sabah, Kalimantan, Lesser Sunda Is. &
Philippines ................................... 25. O. javanica
Leaves with 8 or 9 primary veins on each side of the midrib; pedicels and calyx
pubescent. China (Yunnan) .................... 26. 0. caudatilimba
21. Leaves 2.5 - 6 cm long, apex blunt-obtuse. Guangxi ... 28. 0. tetragonoclada
Leaves (5 - )8 - 16 cm long, apex ? acuminate. China (Yunnan) & Thailand - -
0. rosea
.............................................29.
22. Leaves glabrous elliptic, elliptic-oblong to broadly ovate. Philippines .......
.....*...............................*... 30. O0.palawanensis
Leaves tomentose to velvety, oblanceolate. Vietnam ........ 31. 0. cordatula
10. Olea brachiata (Lour.) Merr.,Lingnaam Agric. Rev. 2: 127 (1925), Lignan Sci. J.
5: 147 (1927) & Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. II, 24: 307 (1935); Kiew, Blumea 25: 308
(1979) & Gard. Bull. Singapore 51: 90 (1999); B. M. Miao, Fl. Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 61:
134 (1996); M. C. Chang & P. S. Green in Fl. China 15: 298 (1996).
TetrapilusbrachiatusLour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 611 (1790). Type: Vietnam?, Lourero s.n.
(holotype BM).
Olea maritimaFinl. & Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 49 (1837); C. B. Clarke in Hook.
f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 612 (1882); Ridley, Fl. Malay. Penins. 2: 318 (1923); Gagnep.
114 KEW BULLETIN VOIL.57(1)
in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 1078 (1933); Kerr in Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 416 (1939).
Type: Singapore, Wallich2813uc (holotype? K-W).
0. depauperataWall. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 2: 209 (1841), nomen.
0. dioica sensu Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 1077 (1933), non Roxb.
0. wightiana sensu Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 1078 (1933), non Wall. ex
G. Don.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5 - 10 m tall; young stems finely and sometimes scattered-
puberulous. Leaves + coriaceous, petioles 3 - 5 mm long, puberulous when young,
rarely glabrous, laminas ovate to broadly lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, (3 -)5 - 8(-
11) cm long, (1.3 -)2 - 3.5(- 5) cm broad, base acute to obtuse, apex acuminate,
margins entire or dentate-serrate in the upper half, (4)5 or 6 primary veins on
each side of the midrib, venation otherwise obscure. Inflorescence axillary,
paniculate, ultimate branches often subumbellate, 1.5 - 4(- 5) cm long, finely
puberulous, rarely glabrous, bracts inconspicuous, 0.5 mm long, flowers numerous,
pedicels 1 - 4 mm long. Calyx membranous, tube 0.25 - 0.5 mm long, lobes 0.5 - 1
mm long, triangular-acute to broadly triangular, ciliolate. Corolla white, tube 1.5 -
2.5 mm long, lobes 0.75 - 1.5 mm long, rounded-obtuse, cucullate. Ovary bottle-
shaped, 1 mm long, style short, stigma capitate, bilobed. Drupes ovoid to ellipsoid,
6-7 x 4-5 mm.
SELECTION OF MATERIAL,EXAMINED:
CHINA. Guangdong: Lofoushan, 26 Dec. 1928, Tsiang 1748. Hainan: Pin Mi Sui,
Woh Ham Shi and vicinity, Lam Ko Distr., 23 Feb. 1932, Lei 397.
THAILAND. NORTHERN: Salaeng Haeng, 22 Feb. 1964, Hansen et al. 11227 (BKF,
C, K, L). NORTH-EASTERN:Loie, Phu Kradung, 13 March 1924, Kerr8734 (BM, BK,
K). EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima, Pak Thong Chai, 22 Jan. 1968, Phengnaren459
(BKF,K, L). SOUTH-WESTERN: Kanchanaburi, Khao Buing, 16 Aug. 1971, Phengklai
et al. 3007, (AAU, BKF, K). SOUTH-EASTERN: Ku Chum, Tak Bai, 19 Feb. 1988,
Niyomdham1726 (AAU, C, K, L).
CAMBODIA. Kampot, Mt Bokor, c. 1000 m, 20 Feb. 1961, Smitinand & Abbe6505
(BKF,K, L).
VIETNAM.Ben Tran, Quang-Tri, 5 March 1920, Poilane in Herb. Chevalier1034 (A,
K); Hue and vicinity, May -July 1927, Clemens3932 (A, K).
MALAYSIA. Perlis, Chupeng, March 1910, Ridley 14933. Kelantan, Kota Bahru,
Feb. 1917, Ridley s.n. Trengganu, Dungun, 29 April 1968, Soepadmo9076 (K, L).
Pahang, Leban Chondong, July 1917, Evans s.n. Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, 19 Sept.
1919, Hamid in FMS4722. Melaka, without locality, Dec. 1899, Ridley 10731. Jahore,
25 miles from Kluang towards Mersing, 13 July 1974, T & P. 530 (K, L).
SINGAPORE. Changi, 5 Sept. 1953, Sinclairin SFN40017.
INDONESIA. Anamba Islands, Jemaja, Padang near Letung, 11 April 1928,
Hendersonin SFN20337.
Martin 1558 from Cambodia (Phnom Tuol Mkak, Vallee de Russey Chreem, Kah
Kong, 3 April 1969), without flowers or fruit, has elliptic leaves 9 - 13 cm long and
may represent this species in its juvenile or semijuvenile form.
A REVISION
11. Olea yuennanensis Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1008 (1936); B. M. Miao, Fl.
Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 61: 132, fig. 36 4- 7 (1992). Type: Sichuan, Handel-Mazzetti1091
(holotype WU, n.v.; isotypes A, E).
0. yuennanensis var. xeromorphaHand.-Mazz., op. cit.: 1009 (1936). Type: Yunnan,
Handel-Mazzetti6203 (holotype WU, n.v.; isotype E).
0. brevipesL. C. Chia, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 343, t. 49 (1955). Type: Yunnan, H. T
Tsai53162 (holotype IBSC? n.v.; isotype A).
0. tsoongiisensu Green, Kew Bull. 50: 338 (1995).
Shrub or small tree, 1 - 12 m tall, young stems puberulent, usually very finely so.
Leaves coriaceous, petioles 3 - 7 mm long, finely puberulent, laminas elliptic to
oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate, sometimes broadly so, glabrous, (3 -)5 - 7(- 10) cm
long, (1.2 -)2 - 3.5(- 4.5) broad, base acute, rarely obtuse, attenuate onto the
petiole, apex acute to rarely pointed obtuse, sometimes slightly and abruptly
acuminate, margins entire or sharply toothed, teeth 0.5 - 1 mm long, 6 primary
veins on each side of the midrib, raised below, sunk or obscure above, venation
otherwise obscure. Inflorescence axillary, cymose-paniculate, flowers usually in
subumbellate groups, (1 -)2 - 4(- 8) cm long, glabrous to very finely, scattered
puberulent, pedicels 1 - 5 mm long. Calyx tube 0.5 mm long, lobes triangular, 0.5
mm long, glabrous, ciliolate. Corolla white to creamy-yellow, tube 1.5 - 3 mm long,
lobes cucullate, 1 mm long. Anthers 1 - 1.3 mm long, broadly elliptic-ovate,
subsessile. Ovary abortive in male flowers, subglobose in bisexual flowers, 1 mm
long, style 0.5 mm long, stigma somewhat bilobed. Drupes slightly fleshy, black
when ripe, broadly ellipsoid, 7 - 10 x 6 - 7 mm.
CHINA. Sichuan: between Te Chang and Huang Lien Po, 7 April 1914, Schneider
816 & 819. Yunnan: N of Mengtze, Henry 9764; around Cao Xi Temple, Anning, 42
km SW of Kunming, 29 April 1981, Sino-BritishExpeditionto CangshanK130.
This species is very close to 0. brachiata.There is a slight tendency for the leaves
in that species to be longer and the marginal serrations, where they are present, to
be fewer, slightly larger and blunter. However, occasional specimens blurr the
specific distinctions in this respect. In addition, the young stems in this species are
puberulent, not glabrous as in 0. hainanensis. They also appear to be separated
geographically.
12. Olea tsoongii (Merr.) P S. Green,Kew Bull. 50: 338 (1995); M. C. Chang &
Green in Fl. China 15: 297 (1996).
Ligustrum tsoongii Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 506 (1922). Type: Guangdong, K. K.
Ts'oong1860 (holotype ?; isotype A).
Olea dioica sensu Chia, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 345 (1965) & Fl. Reipub. Pop. Sin. 61:
133, fig. 37/1 - 3 (1992), non Roxb.
Small tree to 8 m high, young stems glabrous. Leaves somewhat coriaceous,
petioles 6- 10 mm long, laminas oblong-elliptic to elliptic, 4.5 - 8.5 cm long, 2.5 -
3.5 cm broad, base acute to somewhat obtuse, slightly decurrent onto the petiole,
margins entire, apex obtuse or rounded to broadly acute, 4 or 5 primary veins on
each side of the midrib, more or less obscure above. Inflorescence axillary, 7 - 14
cm long, many-flowered, glabrous, pedicels 1 - 2 mm long, male flowers only
observed. Calyx 0.75 mm long, lobes rounded triangular, 0.5 mm long. Corolla
white, tube 1 mm long, lobes rounded cucullate, 0.5 mm long. Anthers broadly
elliptic, subsessile, 0.75 mm long, connective without terminal appendage. Ovary
and fruit not seen.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
CHINA. Guangdong, Yamchow, 8 June 1919, K. K. Ts'oong 3743 (A, cibachrome
K). Hainan, Yaichow, 520 m, March -July 1933, E C. How 70708.
In the Flora of China (15: 297, 1996) Olea yuennanensis was incorrectly included
under this species.
13. Olea parvilimba (Merr & Chun) B. M. Miao, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin. 61: 126
(1992); M. C. Chang & Green in Fl. China 15: 296 (1996); Vidal, Adansonia 2: 327,
328 (1962).
Linocieraparvilimba Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 169 (1940). Type: Hainan, E C.
How 73573 (holotype? A, n.v.; isotype BM, P).
Tree 17 - 15 m tall, young stems glabrous. Leaves thickly coriaceous, glabrous,
petioles 3 - 10 mm long, laminas elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3.5 - 9 cm long, 1.2 - 3.2
cm broad, base broadly acute, attenuate onto the petiole, apex obtuse, margins
entire, 4 or 5 primary veins on each side of the midrib, obscure or slightly impressed
above and below, venation otherwise obscure. Inflorescence axillary or subterminal,
1.5 - 2 cm long, glabrous or very finely pubescent, pedicels 1 - 1.5 mm long. Calyx
tube 0 - 0.5 mm long, glabrous or finely puberulent, lobes 0.5 mm long, rounded-
ovate. Corolla yellow-green, tube 0.5 mm long, lobes 1 - 1.5 mm long, rounded.
Anthers 1 mm long, filaments short. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 1.2 - 1.5 x 0.5 cm.
MATERIALEXAMINED:
CHINA. Hainan: Po-ting, 1 Sept. 1935, E C. How 73542 (BM) & 73573 (BM).
VIETNAM. Nha Trang Prov., near Cam Ranh, 6 March 1961, Kie^t97 (P). Phan
Rang Prov., Ca-na-po, 31 March 1923, Poilane 5908 (P).
14. Olea obovata (Merr.) Kiew,Gard. Bull. Singapore 51: 94 (1999).

LinocieraobovataMerr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 338 (1915). Type: Philippines, Ramosin
Bur. Sci. 15014 (holotype PNH t?, isotype K).
Small tree, young shoots minutely puberulent, soon glabrous. Leaves coriaceous,
petioles 5 - 15 mm long, laminas narrowly to broadly obovate or elliptic, 2.5 - 5 cm
long, 1.5 - 3.5 cm broad, base acute, attenuate onto the petiole, margins entire,
apex rounded to acute, sometimes very shortly, and slightly, acuminate, tip blunt,
venation obscure above and below. Inflorescence axillary, dense, many-flowered, 2 -
5 cm long, minutely puberulent, pedicels 0.5 - 2 mm long, male flowers only seen.
Calyx 0.5 - 0.7 mm long, lobes irregularly broadly triangular, 0.3 - 0.5 mm long.
Corolla thickish, tube 0.5 mm long, lobes involute, 1 mm long. Anthers ellipsoid,
0.8 mm long, with a very small terminal appendage, filaments 0.2 mm long. Drupes
ellipsoid, 6 - 7 x 4.5 - 5 mm.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
PHILIPPINES. Luzon: Laguna, San Antobio, Sept. 1912, Ramosin Bur. Sci. 15014;
Nueva Ecija, Mt Umingan, Aug. - Sept. 1916, Ramos & Edano in Bur. Sci. 26328;
Tayabas, Mt Binuang, May 1917, Ramos & Edano in Bur. Sci. 28792; Ilocos Norte
Prov., Mt Palimlim, Ramosin Bur. Sci. 33262 (L).
15. Olea polygama Wight,Icon. P1. Ind. Orient. 4(1): 11, t. 1239 & t. 1240 (1848);
C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 613 (1882); Green in Rev. Handb. Fl.
Ceylon 6: 264 (1987). Type: India, Neilgherries (Nilgiris), Wights.n. (holotype K).
0. gardneriThwaites, Enum. P1. Zeyl.: 188 (1860). Type: Ceylon, C.P. 274 (holotype
K; isotype GH).
NotelaeazeylanicaGardner ex Thwaites, op. cit. (1860), nomen.
Tetrapiluspolygamus(Wight) L. A. S. Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 2:
408 (1957).
Trees to 15 m tall, androdioecious, young shoots glabrous. Leaves coriaceous,
glabrous, petioles 3 - 8 mm long, laminas broadly to narrowly elliptic, (1.5 -) 2.5 -
6(- 8) cm long, (0.8 -)1.5 - 3(- 4) cm broad, base acute to obtuse, attenuate onto
the petiole, apex obtuse and rounded to acute or acuminate, margins entire, 4 or 5
obscure primary veins on each side of the midrib. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate-
cymose, divisions often subumbellate, glabrous, 1 - 4 cm long, many-flowered,
pedicels 0.5 - 2 mm long. Calyx glabrous, tube 0.5 mm long, lobes rounded-
triangular, 0.5 mm long. Corolla white, tube 1.5 mm long, lobes 0.5 mm long,
cucullate. Anthers broadly ellipsoid, 1 mm long, subsessile. Ovary abortive in male
flowers, in bisexual flowers conical, 1 - 1.5 mm long, style 0.5 mm long, stigma
slightly bilobed. Drupes ellipsoid, 10 x 7 mm.
INDIA. Tamil Nadu, Nilgiris, Wights.n. and 1847, Gardners.n.;
Sispara, May 1884
& 1889, Gamble14270 & 20574.
SRI LANKA. Badulla Distr.: Pita Ratmalie Estate, above Haputale, 8 May 1969,
Kostermans23392. Kandy Distr.: Hunnesfalls, Knuckles Mts, Oct. 1978, Kostermans
26873. Matale Distr.: Campbells Lane, 18 Jan. 1975, Wass 957. Matara Distr.:
Enselwatte Estate, above Deniyaya, June 1969, Kostermans23660. Nuwara Eliya Distr.:
Horton Plains, 1 March 1975, Cramer4414 (E, K, L, US).
16. Olea salicifolia Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 48 (1837); Kerr in Craib, Fl. Siam.
2: 417 (1939); M. C. Chang & Green in Fl. China 15: 298 (1996). Type India, Silhet,
Wallich2821 (holotype K-W;isotype K).
O. dentataWall. ex DC., Prodr. 8: 286 (1844); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., F1.Brit. India
3: 613 (1882); Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3:1075 (1933); Kerr in Craib,
118 KEWBULLETINVOi. 57(1)
Fl. Siam. 2: 417 (1939); Kiew, Blumea 25: 310 (1979). Type: Burma, Amherst,
Wallich2840 (holotype K-W).
O. cambodianaHance, J. Bot. 15: 335 (1877); Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3:
1067 (1933). Type, Cambodia, Ins. Phu kok, Pierrein herb.Hance 19757 (holotype
BM).
0. dentatavar. salicifolia (Wall. ex G. Don) C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3:
613 (1882), nom. illegit.
0. penangiana Ridl., J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: 148 (1920) & Fl. Malay. Penins. 2:
318 (1923). Type: Malaya, Penang, Curtis950 (holotype SING, isotype K).
Tetrapilusdentatus (Wall. ex DC.) L. A. S. Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl.
Herb. 2: 408 (1957).
Olea hainanensis auct. non Li; Chia, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 344 (1954) pro parte.
Olea guangxiensis B. M. Maio, Guihaia 5: 22 (1985); M. C. Chang & Green in Fl
China 5: 298 (1996). Type: Guangxi, Z. T Li & Y C. Chen600010 (holotype IBSC;
photo K).
Trees to 15 m tall, androdioecious, young shoots glabrescent. Leaves coriaceous,
petioles 5 - 15 mm long, glabrous to very finely tomentose, laminas lanceolate to
elliptic-lanceolate, (5 -) 10 - 19 cm long, 2 - 4(- 6) cm broad, glabrous, base acute
to obtuse, apex acuminate to long-acuminate, margins entire or dentate-serrate,
especially in the upper half, 8 - 10 (- 11) primary veins on each side of the midrib,
slightly raised below, sunk or obscure above. Inflorescence axillary, cymose-
paniculate, (6 -)8 - 17 cm long, many-flowered, puberulous to scattered
puberulous, rarely glabrous, pedicels subsessile to 2 mm long. Calyx scattered
puberulous to glabrous, tube 0.6 mm long, lobes triangular, acute to obtuse, +
ciliolate, 0.5 mm long. Corolla white or yellow, campanulate, tube 0.6 mm long in
male flowers, 2.5 - 3.5 in bisexual flowers, lobes rounded cucullate, 0.5 - 1.5 mm
long. Anthers broadly elliptic, 1 mm long, subsessile, connective appendage not
developed. Ovary 1.5 mm long, merging into style and stigma 0.5 mm long, stigma
bilobed. Drupes narrowly to broadly ovoid, 10 - 12 x 6 - 10 mm.
INDIA. Meghalaya; Khasia, Kanjillal 282. Arunachal Pradesh; Griffith 3692.
Manipur, Mayung, 16 Nov. 1885, Clarke
42047A & C. Mizoram: Lushai Hills, Parry 524.
BURMA.Chin State, Mindat, 13 Aug. 1956, Kingdon Ward 22566 (BM); Toungoo
Distr., Thaudaung, 29 Dec. 1909, Lace 5045.
CHINA. Guangxi, between Huangsha and Wantian, Linzhi, 29 Nov. 1957, Z. T Li
& Y C. Chen600222 (IBSC, photo K); Daluo Xian, Longsheng, 19 Nov. 1957, Z. T
Li & Y C. Chen600010 (IBSC, photo K). Guangdong, Shiwangshan, Gaoli Village,
Naluo Xiang, Guitai Distr., Quizhou, 21 Dec. 1955, L. Deng & D. L. Wu 650 (IBSC,
photo K). Yunnan, Schweli - Salwin divide, Dec. 1912, Forrest9366.
THAILAND. SE: Chantaburi, Krat, Kao Kuap, 27 Dec. 1929, Kerr17842.
LAOS. Se-lampho, 1875 - 77, Harmand 240 (A, K).
CAMBODIA.Stung-streng Prov., between Chang-ouer and Ca-trau, 25 Nov. 1927,
Poilane 14166 (A, K).
VIETNAM.Baria Prov., Fong-dinh, 1 Aug. 1919, Poilane 169 (K, P); Saigon, Feb.
1959, Pham-Hoang-Ho5232 (P).
MALAYA. Penang: Telok Bahang, 13 Sept. 1966, Hou 830 (K, L).
17. Olea gagnepainii Knobl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 1028 (1934);
Kerr in Craib, Fl. Siam.: 416 (1939). Type as for 0. macrophyllaGagnep.
Olea macrophyllaGagnep. in Lecomte & Humbert, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 1075 (1933),
non Baker. Type: Laos, Stung-Streng, Thorels.n. (holotype P; photo. K).
Tree about 7 m tall, young shoots very finely puberulous. Leaves coriaceous,
petioles 6- 12 mm long, glabrous to finely puberulous, laminas oblong-elliptic to
slightly oblanceolate, 13 - 28 cm lomg, 5 - 9 cm broad, glabrous, base acute to
obtuse, apex somewhat acuminate, margins entire, 8 or 9 primary veins on each
side of the midrib, more or less obscure above, slightly raised below. Inflorescence
axillary, cymose-paniculate, 1 - 3 cm long, puberulous, pedicels 0 - 1 mm long.
Calyx puberulous, tube 0.5 mm long, lobes triangular, 0.5 mm long. Corolla and
stamens not known. Ovary (after flowering) 1.5 mm long, globose, style 0.5 mm
long, bilobed. Fruit unknown.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
THAILAND.Chantaburi, Krat, Kao Kuap, 27 Dec. 1929, Kerr17842 (K, L).
LAOS. Stung-Streng, 1866 - 1868, Thorels.n. (P); entre Chang-oeur et Ca-tran, 25
Nov. 1927, Poilane 14166.
A little known species which may be represented in P, with juvenile foliage, by M.
A. Martin 1751 from near Thmer beng, Koh Kong, Cambodge, 9 Feb. 1970. Its
leaves are 18 - 20 cm long, 6.5 - 9.5 cm broad and with occasional, widely spaced,
incipient teeth in the upper half of the lamina.
18. Olea laxiflora H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 314 (1944); B. M. Miao in Fl.
Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 61: 128 (1992); M. C. Chang & Green in Fl. China 15: 297
(1996). Type: Yunnan, T T Yii 20988 (holotype A).
Tetrapiluslaxiflora(H. L. Li) L. A. S. Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 2:
409 (1957).
Shrub, about 2.5 m tall, young shoots glabrous. Leaves leathery, glabrous,
petioles 1 - 1.5 cm long, laminas oblong-elliptic to slightly lanceolate, 9 - 13 cm
long, 2.5 - 4 cm broad, base acute, attenuate on to the petiole, apex long
acuminate, acumen 2 cm long, margins entire, "densely dotted with peltate scales
below" (fide Chang & Green loc.cit.), 6 - 8 primary veins on each side of the midrib,
raised below, slightly sunk above, venation otherwise obscure. Inflorescence axillary,
paniculate, loosely many-flowered, 4 - 7 cm long, pedicels 6 - 10 mm long,
glabrous. Calyx 1 - 1.5 mm long, lobes ciliate. Corolla white, male flowers, tube 2
mm long, lobes about 1 mm long, rounded, cucullate. Stamens oblong, 0.75 mm
long, filaments 0.5 mm long. Bisexual flowers and fruit not seen.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
CHINA. Yunnan, Taron-Taru Divide, Tang-teh-wang, 7 Nov. 1938, Yii20988 (A,
photo. K).
19. Olea borneensis Boerl.,Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 332 (1899); Kiew, Blumea 25: 308
(1979) & Gard. Bull. Singapore 51: 89 (1999). Type: Kalimantan, Korthals s.n.
(lectotype L).
Mayepeapallida Merr., Bull. Bur. Gov. Lab. Philipp. 35: 58 (1906). Numerous types.
Linocierapallida (Merr.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 1, Suppl.: 116 (1906), non K. Schum.
& Lauterb.
L. philippinensisMerr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 313 (1909). Type as for Mayepeapallida.
L. gitingensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1653 (1913). Type: Philippines, Elmer
12290 (holotype? t; lectotype US; isolectotype GH, K, L).
L. longifoliaMerr., Philipp. J. Sci. 20: 431 (1922). Type: Mindanao, Miranda FR20626
(US, lectotype, selected by Kiew 1999: 90).
Oleagitingensis (Elmer) Kiew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 51: 90 (1999).
Tree to 15 m tall, young stems glabrous. Leaves subcoriaceous, glabrous, petioles
5 - 10 mm long, laminas oblanceolate to elliptic-oblong, sometimes narrowly so,
(7 -)9 - 14(- 18) cm long, (2 -)3.5 - 5(- 7) cm broad, base acute, attenuate onto
the petiole, apex acute to obtuse, gradually to very shortly acuminate, margins
entire or slightly toothed in the upper half, primary veins 6 - 7 (- 9), raised, more or
less obscure above, otherwise venation obscure. Inflorescence axillary, narrowly
cymose-paniculate, many-flowered, flowers more or less in groups, glabrous or
minutely pilose, bracts chartaceous, more or less lanceolate, 2 mm long, very early
caducous; pedicels 1 - 2 mm long. Calyx glabrous, margins ciliolate, tube 0.25 - 0.5
mm long, lobes triangular, acute or obtuse, 0.5 - 1 mm long. Corolla whitish or
yellowish, fleshy, tube 0.5 - 1.5 mm long, lobes induplicate-valvate, bluntly obtuse, 1
- 1.5 mm long. Stamens broadly ellipsoid, 0.75 mm long, abortive in female flowers,
filaments 0.2 mm long. Ovary conic, 2 mm long, merging into the bilobed style 0.25
mm long, abortive, 0.3 mm long in male flowers. Fruit not known.
HABITAT. In forest, on hill sides and ridge tops; ultrabasic rocks recorded by
Jaswir Singh (SAN 28332). From 30 to 2000 m.
VERNACULAR NAME. Obah (Sabah, fide SAN 18808), Mangkas (Sabah, Banjau
ubian, fide Apostol7335).
SELECTED SPECIMENS:
MALAYSIA, SABAH. Lahad Datu, Silam Research Forest, 27 July 1966, Talipin SAN
54945; Ranau, Kulimpisau Lower, 5 Nov. 1961, Mujin in SAN 18808 (K, L); Kulat,
Labuan F.R., 7 June 1937, Apostol7335.
PHILIPPINES. Luzon, San Mariano, Isabela, Sierra Madre Mts, April - May 1961,
Gutierrezin Phil. Nat. Herb. 78189. Sibuyan, Province of Capiz, Magallanes, Mt
Giting-giting, March 1910, Elmer12168. Guimaras Island, Jan. 1904, Gammillin For.
Bur. 267. Mindanao, Province of Agusan, Cabadbaran, Mt Urdaneta, Aug. 1912,
Elmer13479 (K, L). Palawan, Taytay,May 1913, Merrill9308.
20. Olea hainanensis H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 213 (1944); B. M. Miao in Fl.
Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 61: 128, fig. 35, 4-6 (1992); M. C. Chang & Green in Fl. China
15: 297 (1996). Type: Hainan, E C. How 73749 (holotype A, photo. K; paratypes F C.
How 73762, S. K. Lau 27997 & 28108 A).
Tetrapilushainanensis (H. L. Li) L. A. S. Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl.

Herb. 2: 409 (1957).
Shrub or tree to 30 m tall, young shoots glabrous. Leaves slightly coriaceous,
glabrous, petioles 5- 10 mm long, laminas narrowly to broadly lanceolate, oblong-
elliptic to oblanceolate, (5 -)6 - 9(- 16) cm long, (1.5 -)2 - 3(- 6) cm broad, base
cuneate to broadly acuminate, attenuate onto the petiole, apex acuminate, finely
acute, margins entire or irregularly and sparsely serrate, often bluntly so, 6 - 8
primary veins on each side of the midrib, raised below, impressed above.
Inflorescences axillary, paniculate, flowers in subumbellate groups, 2 - 5 cm long,
glabrous or very finely pubescent, flowers numerous, bracts chartaceous, 1 - 2 mm
long, early deciduous, pedicels 1 - 3 mm long. Calyx tube 0.5 mm long, lobes
triangular, 0.5 mm long. Corolla in male flowers: tube 1 - 2 mm long, lobes 0.5 - 0.7
mm long; in bisexual flowers: tube 2 mm long, lobes 1 mm long. Drupes fleshy,
ellipsoid-ovoid, 1.4 - 1.8 cm long, 0.7 - 0.9 cm diameter.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
CHINA. Hainan: Lingshui, 7 Oct. 1935, E C. How 73749 (A); Po-ting, 10 Oct.
1935, E C. How 73762 (A);Jian Feng Ling, 1973, K. S. Chowet al. 78347, & 20 May
1978, Green(004)2090; Hung Mo Shan and vicinity, 8 Aug. 1929, Tsang & Fung 659.
LAOS. Khammouane, route de Paksane, 19 Feb. 1956, Texier10 (A).
VIETNAM. Sontay Province, Bt Bavi, 1 Nov. 1940, Pitelot6598 (A).
21. Olea dioica Roxb.,Fl. Ind. 1: 105 (1820); DC., Prodr. 8: 286 (1844); Kurz, Forest
Fl. Burma 2: 157 (1877); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 612 (1882), pro
parte.Type: India, Roxburgh(holotype BM).
PicricaryaoppositifoliaDennst., Schlilssel Hortus Malab.: 30 (1818), nom. nud.
Olea laevisStokes, Bot. Comm. 1: 30 (1830). Type: India, Roxburgh,not traced.
0. maritimasensu Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 1078 (1933), non Wall. ex
G. Don.
Tetrapilusdioicus (Roxb.) L. A. S. Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 2:
408 (1957).
Tree to 8 m tall, young stems glabrous. Leaves slightly coriaceous, glabrous,
petioles 10 mm long, lamina oblong-elliptic, 10 - 16 cm long, 3 - 6 cm broad,
base acute, attenuate onto the petiole, apex shortly acuminate, 4 or 5 primary
veins on each side of the midrib, raised below, slightly sunk above or obscure,
venation otherwise obscure. Inflorescence axillary, finely puberulous, cymose-
paniculate, 2 - 3 cm long, flowers numerous, bracts caducous, triangular, 0.5 mm
long, pedicels 0.5 - 2 mm long. Calyx finely puberulous, tube 0.5 mm long, lobes
0.5 mm long, rounded-triangular. Corolla cupulate, lobes 0.5 mm long, cucullate,
in male flowers tube 1.5 mm long, in bisexual flowers tube 1.5- 3 mm long.
Anthers broadly elliptic, 1 mm long, filament 0.5 mm long, connective
appendage not developed. Ovary conoid, 1 mm long, merging into style and
stigma 1 mm long, stigma 0.25 mm long, slightly bilobed. Drupes ovoid-ellipsoid,
8 - 12 x 6 - 8 mm.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
INDIA. Bengal: Dalka Ghar, Darjeeling Terai, March 1876, Gamble891; Tondu
Range, Jalpaiguri Duars, March 1893, Haines 340; "Sylhet", Wallich 2814. Assam:
Cachar, Bmara, March 1873, Keenans.n.; Upper Assam, Jenkins 289; without locality,
Griffith3689, King's collectors.n. & Masters289. Nagaland, Sulen, Naga Hills, 9 June
1935, Bor 2631.
BANGLADESH. Chittagong, "Chittagong Hills", Roxburgh s.n. (BM).
BURMA. Without locality, Griffith3689.
Although no material determined as Olea dioica by Chia or Miao has been seen it
is confidently suspected that their "0. dioica"(Chia 1955: 345; & Miao in Fl. Reipubl.
Pop. Sin. 61: 133, 1992) is really 0. salicifoliaWall. ex G. Don.
22. Olea wightiana Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 49 (1837); L. C. Chia, Acta
Phytotax. Sin. 3: 347 (1955). Type: India, Wight in Wallich 2815A (holotype K-W,
isotype K).
0. dioicavar. wightiana (Wall. ex G. Don) DC., Prodr. 8: 286 (1844); B. M. Miao in Fl.
Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 61: 134 (1992).
0. heyneanaWall. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 48 (1837). Type: India, Heyne in Wallich
2823 (holotype K-W).
0. malabaricaKostel., Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 3: 1000 (1874). Type not traced.
0. dioica sensu C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 612 (1882).
Trees to 30 m tall, androdioecious, young stems glabrous. Leaves slightly
coriaceous, glabrous, petioles 5- 10(- 15) mm long, laminas lanceolate to narrowly
ovate, (5.5 -)9 - 14(- 19) cm long, (2 -)4 - 6(- 8) cm broad, base obtuse, attenuate
onto the petiole, apex acuminate, margins entire or serrate with up to 10 teeth, 6 - 7
primary veins on each side of the midrib, obscure above, obscure or slightly raised
below. Inflorescence axillary, cymose-paniculate, 2 - 5 cm long, many-flowered,
glabrous, pedicels 1 - 2 mm long. Calyx glabrous, tube 0.25 mm long, lobes
triangular, slightly ciliolate, 0.25 - 0.5 mm long. Corolla lobes obtuse, cucullate, 0.5 -
0.75 mm long, tube in male flowers 1.5 mm long, in bisexual flowers 2.5 - 3 mm
long. Anthers broadly elliptic, 1 mm long, filament 0.25 mm long, connective
appendage not developed. Ovary flask-shaped, 1 mm long, style 0.5 mm long, stigma
0.25 mm long, somewhat 2-lobed. Drupes ellipsoid-ovoid, 10 - 12 x 7- 8 mm.
INDIA. Maharashtra: Kanheri hill top, Borivili, 14 Feb. 1985, Sharma 167441; 5
km E of Ramghat, Kolhapur Distr., 28 Jan. 1980, KameshwaraRao 23. Karnataka:
Mahableshwar, Oct. 1920, Sedgwick & Bell 9350; hills beyond Bageshpur, 6 Aug.
1969, Saldanha 14375. Kerala: Ponmudi, 6 March 1980, Ridsdale478; on road to Ana
Kayam, 17 Feb. 1953, Fernandes 243. Tamil Nadu: 18 km to Kodal Kanal, 23 Jan.
1979, van der Maesen 3528; Madurai, Periakulam, Vengayapparai, 12 Sept. 1986,
Matthew 46876.
Olea wightiana has been persistently confused with O. dioica but the venation, the
shape of the leaf apex, and the marginal dentition of the leaves distinguish them.
They also occupy different geographical areas. 0. wightianais a widespread Western

Ghats endemic.
23. Olea moluccensis Kiew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 51: 92, fig. 2 (1999). Type:
Moluccas, Taliabu Is., Hulstijn & Atje364 (holotype BO, n.v.; isotype L).
Tree? Young shoots glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, petioles (0.8 -) 1 - 1.5 cm long;
laminas elliptic to very slightly oblanceolate, 18 - 25 cm long, 6 - 9 cm broad, base
broadly acute, attenuate onto the petiole, apex very shortly acuminate, margins
entire, 10 - 14 primary veins on each side of the midrib, usually with a secondary
vein between each pair, not quite reaching the marginal. Inflorescence axillary, very
densely paniculate, 1 - 2 cm long, pedicels 0.5 - 1 mm long. Male flowers: buds
somewhat globose, about 1 mm diameter. Calyx about 1 mm long, broadly 4-lobed,
glabrous, margins ciliolate. Corolla 1 - 1.5 mm long, divided slightly less than
halfway, lobes oblong, rounded, cucullate. Stamens 2, subsessile, anthers about 0.5
mm long. Fruit (not seen) "globose, c. 16 x 15 mm" fide Kiew.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
MOLUCCAS.Taliabu Island, Hulstijn & Atje 364 (holotype BO n.v.; isotype L;
photo. K); Buru Island, Teysmannin HB1834 (L), 1857 - 1861 (L), de Vriese,1859 -
1860, de Vriese& Teysmann(L).
24. Olea rubrovenia (Elmer)Kiew,Gard. Bull. Singapore 51: 95 (1999).

Linociera rubrovenia Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 2: 586 (1909) & 5: 1652 (1913);
Merrill, Enum. Phillip. P1. 3: 305 (1923). Type: Philippines, Elmer 10224
(holotype PNH?, isotype E).
Ilex decussata Heine, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. Miinchen 1 (6): 209 (1953). Types:
Sabah, Clemens28986 (syn. M, n.v.) & 28986A (isosyntype K, L).
Tetrapilusrubrovenia(Elmer) L. A. S. Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb.
2: 408 (1957).
Olea decussata(Heine) Kiew, Blumea 25: 309 (1979).
Tree to 10 m tall, young shoots glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, petioles 5 - 15
mm long, laminas ovate to elliptic, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, (3.5 -)6 - 10(- 13) cm
long, (2 -)2.5 - 4. 5(- 6) cm broad, base acute to narrowly obtuse, attenuate onto the
petiole, apex acute, acuminate, occasionally shortly so, margins entire, 6- 8 primary
veins on each side of the midrib, raised below, sunk above, venation otherwise obscure.
Inflorescence axillary, cymose-paniculate or subumbellate, 2 - 4. 5(- 6) cm long,
glabrous, many-flowered,pedicels 1 - 3 mm long. Calyx tube 0.2 - 0.5 mm long, lobes
triangular, 0.4 - 0.8 mm long, glabrous, ciliolate. Corolla white to creamy white, tube
0.5 - 1 mm long, lobes 1 - 1.5 mm long, rounded, cucullate. Stamens broadly ellipsoid,
1 mm long in bisexual flowers 1.5 mm in male, subsessile, connective without
appendage. Ovary flask-shaped, 2 mm long, style scarcely perceptible, stigma small,
bilobed, abortive in male flowers. Drupes ovoid, 1.8 x 1.5 cm.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
MALAYSIA,SABAH. Mt Kinabalu, Bembangan R., 30 March 1964, Chew & Corner
in RSNB5993; Mt Kinabalu, eastern shoulder, 13 July 1961, Chew,Corner& Stainton

840 and 22 July 1961, Chew,Corner& Stainton939 (K, L); Upper Kinabalu, 29 March
1932, J. & M. S. Clemens28986, 28986A & 40698; Mt Kinabalu, Gurulan Spur, 13
Dec. 1933, Clemens51076; Kinabalu, between Kemburongoh and Layang-Layang, 9
Aug. 1964, Makil in S46522; Mesilau Camp, Poore2104.
SARAWAK. Gunong Mulu National Park, Tutoh, Baram, 4th Division, 27 Feb.
1976, Martin in S37066.
This is a high altitude species, almost endemic to Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, but
also recorded at 1660 m from Gunong Mulu, just over the border in Sarawak. It is
recorded from slopes and ridges from 1500 m to 2400 m. Field notes with Chewet al.
939 comment that the leaves are "characterisicallyup-pointing".
25. Olea javanica (Blume) Knobl., Bot. Centralbl. 61: 134 (1895); Koorders &
Valeton, Meded. Lands Plantentuin 59: 249 (1902); Kiew, Blumea 25: 312 (1979) &
Gard. Bull. Singapore 51: 91 (1999).
Pachydermajavanicum Blume, Bijdr.: 682 (1826). Type: Java, Blume 2169a (holotype
L, isotype K).
Stereodermajavanicum(Blume) Blume, Fl. Javae Praef. 7: 8 (1828).
Notelaea zollingerianaTeijsm. & Binn., Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indie 27: 33 (1864).
Type: 'Java",cult. Hort. Bogor, Binnendycks.n. (holotype? L, n.v.; isotype K).
Olea gracilfloraKoord. & Valeton, Meded. Lands Plantentuin 59: 254 (1902). Type:
Java, Koorders29339 (holotype BO, n.v.).
0. javanica var. grandifolia Koord. & Valeton, op. cit.: 251 (1902).
0. javanica var. laxiflora Koord. & Valeton, loc. cit. (1902).
0. javanica var. grandiflora Koord. & Valeton, op. cit.: 252 (1902).
0. javanica var. acuminatissima Koord. & Valeton, loc. cit. (1902).
Tree 4 - 26 m tall, young stems glabrous. Leaves more or less coriacous, glabrous,
petioles 5 - 20 mm long, laminas narrowly to broadly lanceolate or elliptic-oblong,
(5.5 -)7 - 15(- 19) cm long, (2 -)3 - 6(- 7) cm broad, base acute to obtuse,
attenuate onto the petiole, apex long to shortly acuminate, margins entire, 5 - 6(-
7) primary veins on each side of the petiole, raised below, slightly sunk above,
venation otherwise obscure. Inflorescence cymose-paniculate, androdioecious, (1
-) 3 - 7 cm long, many-flowered, flowers subumbellate, glabrous to finely
puberulent, pedicels 1.5 - 5 mm long. Calyx tube 0.25 mm long, lobes triangular,
0.5 - 0.75 mm long, glabrous, margins ciliolate. Corolla white, subspherical, tube
0.75 - 1 mm long, lobes 1.25 - 1.5 mm long and broad, strongly cucullate. Stamens
2 (3 and 4 recorded, e.g. Lanjouw 61), broadly ellipsoid, anthers 1 - 1.5 mm long,
filament 0.2 mm long or subsessile. Ovary abortive in male flowers, somewhat
globose to flask-shaped in bisexual flowers, 1.2 - 1.5 mm long, style 0.25 mm long or
scarcely differentiated, stigma capitate, somewhat bilobed, 0.25 mm long. Drupes
oblong-ovate, 1.5 x 1.5 cm, purple-black.
HABITAT.Primary forest, submontane and mixed dipterocarp forest; from 250 m
to 1800 m.
VERNACULAR NAMES. "Medang lit" (Kulit puteh) Sarawak;"Nengkal",Flores.

MALAYSIA, SARAWAK. Bt. Mersing, Anap, 15 Oct. 1964, Sibaatak Luang in S22516.
BRUNEI. Bukit Patoi, Temburong, 12 Sept. 1957, Ashtonin BRUN531.
SABAH. Mt Kinabalu, Colombon basin, 18 Aug. 1937, Clemens40085; Gunong
Alab Range, Tambunan, 17 July 1984, Lideh Subalin SAN 60384.
INDONESIA, KALIMANTAN. G. Beratus, peak of Balikpapan, 15 July 1952,
Kostermans7535.
SUMATRA. Gunung Bandahara, c. 25 km N of Kutatjane, 20 Feb. 1975, de Wilde&
de Wilde-Duyfjes
15124 (K, L).
JAVA. Mt Pajung, Udjung Kulon Nature Reserve, 30 June 1964, Nengah Wirawan
182; G. Muria, Djurang, N of Pati, 4 Dec. 1951, Kostermans6338 (L); Bawean Is., 27
Nov. 1937, Buwalda 3190 (L).
LESSER SUNDA IS. Sumbawa, Mt Batulanteh, 10 May 1961, Kostermans 18778 (K, L).
PHILIPPINES. Mindanao, Caradbaran, Mt Urdeneta, Oct. 1912, Elmer14198 (K, L).
This is a species with rather small flowers, widely variable in leaf-shape and size.
Several variants were described as varieties by Koorders & Valeton, but examination
and analysis of the range of collections now available shows that their recognition is
not justified.
26. Olea caudatilimba L. C. Chia, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 339 (1954); B. M. Miao in
Fl. Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 61: 126 (1992): M. C. Chang & Green in Fl. China 15: 296
(1996). Type: Yunnan, H. T Chang 1022A (holotype IBSC; photo, K).
Tree to 10 m tall, young stems glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, petioles 1 - 2 cm
long, glabrous to finely puberulent, laminas oblong-elliptic to lanceolate, 7 - 15 cm
long, 2.5 - 5 cm broad, glabrous, base acute to broadly acute, decurrent onto the
petiole, margin entire, apex finely acuminate, 8 or 9 primary veins on each side of
the midrib. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate, 2.5 - 8 cm long, bracts pubescent,
pedicels 2 - 4 mm long, pubescent. Calyx 1- 1.5 mm long, lobes rounded-
triangular, pubescent, ciliolate. "Corolla yellowish, c. 3 mm long, lobes elliptic, c. 2
mm long, obtuse" (fide Chia, loc. cit.). "Drupe long ellipsoid, 7 - 12 x 3.5 - 6.5" (fide
Miao, loc. cit.).
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
CHINA. Yunnan, Lu-Nan Hsien, Hsu-Chia Ferry, 18 April 1940, H. T Chang
1022A (IBSC); Xi Mt, outskirts of Wenshan, 29 March 1959, Q. A. Wu 7208 (IBSC);
Maupi, Xiangyang Distr., Menghai County, Xishuangbanna, 21 May 1962, Y. H. Li
4205 (IBSC).
Flowering material has not been seen for this revision, but vegetatively specimens
of this species resemble those of Oleapaniculata R. Br. However, the latter is easily
distinguished by the possession of domatia in the axils between the primary veins
and the midrib on the undersurface of the leaves.
B. M. Miao in Fl. Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 61: 126 (1992), followed by M. C. Chang &
Green in Flora of China 15: 296 (1996), sinks OsmanthuspolyneurusP. Y. Bai (non H.
T. Chang) into this species, but it seems likely that it really is, as stated by Bai, a
member of Osmanthus sect. Leiolea.
27. Olea neriifolia H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 212 (1944); B. M. Miao in Fl.
Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 61: 127, fig. 35 1- 3 (1992); M. C. Chang & Green in Fl. China
15: 297 (1996). Type: Hainan, S. K. Lau 28388 (holotype, A).
Linocieraharmandii sensu Merrill & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 168 (1940), non Gagnep.
Shrub 1.2 - 5 m tall, young stems glabrous, terete. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous,
petioles 3 - 8 mm long, laminas very narrowly elliptic to very narrowly lanceolate, 5
- 11.5 cm long, 0.5 - 1 cm broad, base acute, attenuate into the petiole, apex long-
acute to slightly long-acuminate, margins entire, venation obscure above and below.
Inflorescence axillary, paniculate, 2 - 6 cm long, glabrous, pedicels slender, 0.5 - 2
mm long. Calyx 0.5 - 0.7 mm long, lobes ovate, acute. Corolla white, 1.2 - 1.4 mm
long with lobes 0.4 mm long in male flowers, 1.7 - 2 mm long with lobes 0.4 - 0.5
mm long in bisexual flowers. Stamens scarcely 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, style short,
stigma inconspicuous. Drupes ellipsoid, 7 - 8 x 3 - 5 mm.
MATERIAL. EXAMINED:
CHINA. Hainan, Sam-Tui Kai, 13 Dec. 1936, S. K. Lau 28388 (A); Po-ting, Sept.
1935, F C. How 73715 (BM).
This species has been recorded from low elevation in woods, near streams.
28. Olea tetragonoclada L. C. Chia,Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 341, t. 48/5 - 7 (1955); B.

M. Miao in Fl. Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 61: 127 (1992); M. C. Chang & Green in Fl. China
15: 296 (1996). Type: Guangxi, S. H. Chun 5260 (holotype IBSC?).
Shrub about 4 m tall, young shoots pubescent or puberulent, 4-angled. Leaves
stiff, coriaceous, petioles 1 - 3 mm long, pubescent, laminas oblong to elliptic
oblong, 2.5 - 4.5 cm long, 0.8 - 2 cm broad, usually puberulent, base broadly
cuneate to obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse, rounded to sometimes retuse,
primary veins and venation obscure above and below. Inflorescence axillary or
terminal (fide Chia), 0.7 - 2 cm long, 4-angled, pubescent to puberulent, pedicels 1
- 2 mm long. Calyx about 1 mm long, lobes broadly ovate, obtuse, minutely
ciliolate. Corolla yellowish, tube 1 - 1.5 mm long, lobes elliptic-ovate, 0.7 - 1 mm
long. Anthers broadly elliptic, 0.8 mm long, filaments short. Ovary ovoid. Drupe
ellipsoid, 8 - 10 x 5 - 8 mm.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
CHINA. Guangxi: Fang-Chen Hsien, Shi-Wan-Ta, Kuei-Yin-Din, 23 May 1944, S.
H. Chun 5260 (IBSC, photo. K).
Only the type specimen has been seen, and the description above incorporates
data from Chia's protologue.
29. Olea rosea Craib,Bull. Misc. Inform., Kew 1911: 411 (1911); Kerr in Craib, Fl.
Siam. 417 (1939); B. M. Miao in Fl. Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 61: 130, fig. 36 1 -3 (1992);
M. C. Chang & Green in Fl. China 15: 297 (1996). Type: Thailand, Hosseus 515a
(lectotype, selected by Kerr, loc. cit.).
0. oblanceolataCraib, Bull. Misc. Inform., Kew 1911: 410 (1911); Kerr in Craib, Fl.
Siam. 2: 417 (1939). Type: Thailand, Kerr1717 (holotype K).
0. densiflora H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 314 (1944). Type: Yunnan, Rock 2749
(holotype A, isotype E) - numerous paratypes.
Tetrapilusroseus(Craib) L. A. S. Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 2: 409
(1957).
LinocieramenghaiensisH. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 2 (2): 2 (1982).
Type: Yunnan, Sin.-Rus.Exped.9568 (holotype? PE?, not seen); paratype P Y Mao
7262 (?KUN, not seen).
Shrub or small tree to 10 m tall, young stems pilose, often densely so. Leaves
slightly coriaceous, petioles 5 - 10 mm long, pilose, often densely so, laminas
broadly lanceolate to lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, rarely slightly oblanceolate, (5
-)8 - 13(- 16) cm long, (2 -)2.5 - 4(- 6) cm broad, pilose-velutinous below,
especially along the midrib, base acute or sometimes obtuse, margins entire or
dentate-serrate, especially in the upper half, apex long acute to acuminate, 6 - 8(-
9) primary veins on each side of the midrib, raised below, usually sunk above.
Inflorescence axillary, paniculate, 2 - 8 cm long, many-flowered, finely velutinous to
pilose, pedicels 0 - 1(- 2) mm long. Calyx tube c. 0.5 mm long, lobes c. 0.5 mm
long, glabrous sometimes pilose, ciliolate. Corolla white or yellowish, or pink, in
male flowers: obpyriform, tube 1 mm long, lobes 1 mm long, rounded-cucullate; in
bisexual flowers: tube cylindrical, 2 - 3 mm long, lobes 1 mm long. Anthers
ellipsoid, c. 1 mm long. Ovary conical, 1.5 - 2 mm long, style short, stigma small,
bilobed. Drupes obliquely ellipsoid, 12 x 5 - 6 mm.
CHINA. Yunnan: Szemeo, Henry 11661A, B, D & E; between Muang Hing and
Szemao and the Szemao Hill proper, 2 - 12 March 1922, Rock2749 A, E).
THAILAND. Northern: Chiang Mai, Mon Nang Keo, 7 March 1978, Niyomdham60;
Bo Luang Plateau, 23 Feb. 1959, Sorensenet al. 6975.
30. Olea palawanensis Kiew,Blumea 38: 127 (1993). Type: Philippines, Ridsdalein
SMHI 1827 (holotype L; paratypes Ridsdalein SMHI 1609 & Reynosaet al. 502, L).
Shrub to 3 m tall; young stems glabrous. Leaves thickly coriaceous, glabrous,
petioles 2 - 6 mm long, thickish, drying black, laminas broadly ovate or ovate to
narrowly elliptic-oblong, 4.5 - 10 cm long, 2 - 5 cm broad, base cordate, apex acute
("or retuse"), margins entire or some leaves with occasional teeth 0.5 - 1 mm long in
the upper half, 6 ("- 9") primary veins on each side of the midrib, plane above,
scarcely prominent below. Inflorescences axillary, paniculate 2 - 3 cm long,
androdioecious, many flowered, c. 7 flowers subumbellate in males; pedicels 1 - 2 mm
long. Calyx tube and lobes 0.25 mm long, lobes triangular, ciliolate. Corolla
"yellowish",tube 0.75 mm long in male flowers, "2 mm long in bisexual, lobes c. 1 mm
long, hooded" (fide Kiew). Stamens 2, anthers more or less globose, 1 mm long in
128 KEWBULLETINVOL.57(1)
male flowers, "c. 0.5 mm long in bisexual". Ovary absent in male flowers, "ovoid, c. 1
mm long in bisexual, stigma sessile, capitate". Drupes (?immature) "ovoid, 6 x 4 mm".
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
PHILIPPINES. PALAWAN, Mt Bloomfield, St. Paul's Bay, 5 May 1984, Ridsdale in
SMHI 1609 (K).
31. Olea cordatula H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 372 (1943). Type; Vietnam, W T
Tsang29241 (holotype A; isotypes K, P).
Tetrapiluscordatulus(H. L. Li) L. A. S. Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb.
2: 409 (1957).
Linociera mo Gagnep., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., ser. 2, 20: 295 (1948). Type:
Vietnam, Poilane 1165 (holotype P, isotype K).
Tree to 10 m tall, young stems velutinous. Leaves subcoriaceous, petioles 3 - 6
mm long, velutinous, laminas lanceolate-elliptic to oblanceolate, 11 - 25 cm long,
(2.5 -)3.5 - 9 cm broad, velutinous below, glabrate above, base rounded,
subauriculate, apex acute, sometimes slightly acuminate, margins dentate-serrate,
especially in the upper half, 12 - 14 primary veins on each side of the midrib,
raised below, sunk above, venation otherwise obscure. Inflorescence axillary,
cymose-paniculate, 2 - 6 cm long, velutinous, flowers numerous, bracts 2 - 3 mm
long, pedicels 0.5 - 2 mm long. Calyx velutinous, tube 0.25 mm long, lobes
triangular, 0.75 mm long. Corolla "greenish", more or less elongate-triangular,
induplicate, tube 1 mm long, lobes 1 mm long, 0.5 mm broad. Anthers broadly
elliptic, 0.5 mm long, filament 0.2 mm long, connective not developed into an
appendage. Ovary bottle-shaped, 1 mm long, style imperceptible, stigma 0.3 mm
long. Fruit unknown.
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
VIETNAM.Quang Ninh: Taai Wong Mo Shan, near Chuk-phai, May -June 1939,
W T Tsang29241 (A, K, P); Dam-ha, Sai Wong Mo Shan, 1940, W Y Tsang 30081 &
30170 (A, K, L). Binh Tri Thien, Mai lanh, 22 March 1920, Poilane 1165.
32. Olea gamblei C. B. Clarkein Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 613 (1882); Brandis,
Indian Trees: 442 (1906). Type: Sikkim, Punkabari, Aug. 1875, Gamble 525E
(lectotype K, selected here).
Small tree, androdioecious, young stems glabrescent. Leaves slightly coriaceous,
petioles 6 - 10 mm long, laminas elliptic-oblong, (5 -)8 - 13 cm long, (1.7 -)3 - 4
cm broad, base cuneate, attenuate onto the petiole, apex acuminate, margins
entire, venation obscure above and below. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate, 3 - 8
cm long, many-flowered, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, pedicels 0.5 - 1 mm
long. Calyx cup-shaped, somewhat truncate, 0.5 mm long, ciliolate. Corolla absent.
Stamens 2, anthers subsessile, elliptic-oblong, 2.5 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, reflexed
at anthesis. Ovary bottle-shaped, 1 mm long, style 0.5 mm long, stigma 0.5 mm long,
slightly 2-lobed. Drupe ellipsoid, 17- 27 mm long, 7- 10 mm broad.
A REVISION
MATERIALEXAMINED:
SIKKIM. Near Punkahari, Aug. 1875, Gamble 525D (K); ibid. Gamble 525E
(lectotype K). Without locality; Hookers.n.; 1875 - 6, King's Collectors.n. (CAL); 20
Oct. 1876, King's Collectors.n. (CAL); 10 Aug. 1881, King's Collectors.n. (CAL).
The unnumbered and unlocalized Hooker collection, and also two of those made
by King's collector, are in fruit. If this species is a Sikkim endemic, as suspected, it is
probable that the record of 0. gambleiby P.-Y.Bai in C.-Y.Wu, Fl. Xiziangica 3: 882,
fig. 339 (1986), based on material I have not seen, may not be this species. This
record has been repeated by B.-M. Miao in Fl. Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 61: 136 (1992). It
may be noted that the specimen gathered in 1876 by King's collector was from 2000
m, and that the record by Bai was for a collection from the same altiude, but in
Tibet. That by Miao was for one between 700 and 1400 m. In contrast, the lectotype
of 0. gambleimust have been a subtropical plant, collected from 450 m altitude. It is
significant that no recent collections have been seen.
The illustration in Fl. Xizangica 3: 883 (1986), purporting to be this species and
showing a plant in young fruit, closely resembles Olea caudatilimbaL. C. Chia.
This remains an enigmatic species. The elongate stamens in the apetalous,
bisexual flowers of Gamble525E are quite unlike any others observed in Olea.
Subgen. Paniculatae P S. Greensubgen. nov. Arbores; folia utraque squamas peltatas

dispersas gerentia, infra in axillis venarum principalium domatifera; tubus corollae
brevis. Typus: Oleapaniculata R. Br.
Trees. Leaves entire, glabrous except for scattered peltate scales above and below,
domatia abaxially at the junction of the midrib and the main lateral veins.
Inflorescences terminal. Corolla tube short.
33. Olea paniculata R. Br., Prodr.: 523 (1810); Backer & Bakhuizen, Fl. Java 2: 214
(1965); Kiew, Blumea 25: 312 (1979). Type: Australia, R. Brown(holotype, BM).
0. glandulifera Desf., Cat. P1. Hort. Paris ed. 3: 88, 391 (1829). Type: cult. Hort.
Paris, n.v.
0. glandulifera Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 49 (1837), non Desf. Type: India,
Wallich2811 (holotype K-W?).
0. thozetii Pancher & Sebert, Not. Bois Nouv. Caled.: 183 (1874). Type: New
Caledonia (lectotype Pancher311, P, selected here; isolectotype K).
0. glandulosa Pancher ex Guillaumin, Ann. Inst. Bot.-Geol. Colon. Marseille, ser. 2,
9: 192 (1911), nomen.
0. bourneiFyson, Bull. Misc. Inform., Kew 1914: 186 (1914). Types: S India. Fyson
2462 & 2497, Wight 1796, Hohenacker503 (syntypes). Wight 1796 at K has been
labelled as lectotype by K. M. Matthew).
Linociera lauterbachiiLingelsh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 8 (1927). Types: New Guinea,
Schlechter16314 & 16984 (syntypes Bt ; isosyntypes K).
Ligustrumneo-ebudicumGuillaumin, J. Arnold Arbor. 14: 58 (1933). Type: Aneitym,
Kajewski762 (holotype A).
LinocierayunnanensisH. T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1982 (2): 1 (1982).
Type: Yunnan, T T Yii 16545 (holotype SYS?, not seen; isotype E; photo. K).
Oleagambleisensu P. Y. Bai in C. Y.Wu, Fl. Xizangica 3: 883, fig. 339 (1886) & sensu B.
M. Maio in Fl. Reipubl. Pop. Sin. 61: 136 (1992), non C. B. Clarke.
Trees to 25 m tall. Leaves slightly coriaceous, petioles 10 - 15 mm long, laminas
ovate to lanceolate-elliptic, (4 -)7 - 10(- 15) cm long, (2 -)2.5 - 5(- 7) cm broad,
base acute to obtuse or rounded, attenuate onto the petiole, apex acuminate, tip
acute, 6 - 8 primary veins on both sides of the midrib, above and below, with
scattered peltate scales on both surfaces, frequent domatia below in axils of midrib
with primary veins. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, 7 - 10 cm long, many-
flowered, pedicels 0 - 2 mm long. Calyx 1 - 1.5 mm long, lobes more or less
triangular, c. 0.5 mm long. Corolla white or creamy white, valvate, spherical in bud,
tube 1 mm long, lobes ovate-triangular, 1.8 - 2 mm long, reflexed at full anthesis.
Stamens exserted, filaments 1 - 1.5 mm long, anthers rounded-elliptic, 1.5 - 2 mm
long, with a very small terminal appendage. Ovary bottle-shaped, 1 - 1.5 mm long.
Drupe pyriform-ovoid, 12 - 15 x 6- 8 mm.
CHINA. Yunnan, Szemao, Henry 11861 & 12500; Shunning, Hila, 1900 m alt., 28
June 1938, T T Yii 16545 (E).
PAKISTAN. 25 km N of Rawalpindi, 17 Feb. 1971, Podlech 20046.
INDIA. Kumaun, Jedikoti, 10 June 1910, Gill 439; Tamil Nadu, Thuraiyur, Tiruchi
Distr., 19 March 1978, Matthew in RHT 12483; Kerala, Devicolam - Pariyar road, 24
March 1980, Ridsdale 681; Nagaland, Naga Hills, Pulebudge, 1 April 1935, Bor 4428.
NEPAL . 1821, Wallich 2871.
SRI LANKA. Haputale, 1700 m, 2 May 1969, Kostermans 23403.
THAIILAND. Nakhon Ratchasima, Kao Sisiat A, 18Jan. 1925,
Kerr 10001 (BM, K).
INDONESIA. LESSER SUNDA ISIANI)S, Bali, Mt Batukau, 1300 m, 24 June 1958,
Kostermans et al. KK & SS 142. MOLUCC:AS,Halmaheira, S Peninsula, Weda, 17 - 24
June 1938, Anang 656.
PAPUA NEw GUINEA. New Guinea, Eastern Highlands, 5 miles S of Sassaura, 23
July 1963, Hartley 12092. Papua, c. 3.5 miles N of Ikikina village, Kairuhu subdistr.,
Central Distr., 20 Aug. 1962, Darbyshire842.
VANUATU. Efate, Narabut, 6 Aug. 1971, Beveridge in RSNH 3026.
NEW CALEDONIA. Me Maoya, 11 July 1965, Bernardi 9541.
AUSTRALIA. Queensland, Gadgarrah, Lake Barrine, Atherton Tableland, 16 July
1929, Kajewski 1133. New South Wales, Glenugie Peak, c. 12 miles SE of Grafton, 20
Nov. 1965, Constable 6406.
LORD HOWE ISLAND. Malabar, 11 Nov. 1963, Green 1563.
UNKNOWN
Olea arboreaLodd., Cat. P1. 1826: 31 (1826), nomen.

O. lorentii Hochst., Flora 28: 27 (1845) = Phillyrea sp.?
O. proceraZipp. ex Macklot, Bijdr. Natuurk. Wetensch. 5:178 (1830), nomen.
EXCLUDED NAMES
Binomials proposed for what would today be considered olive cultivars will be
found listed by Green & Wickens (1989: 297 - 298).
Olea acuminataWall. ex G. Don. and var. longifoliaDC. = Osmanthus fragrans Lour

0. americanaL. = Osmanthus americanus (L.) A. Gray
0. angustifolia(L.) Salisb. = Phillyrea angustifolia L.
0. apetalaVahl = Nestegis apetala (Vahl) L. A. S.Johnson
0. aquifoliumSieb. & Zucc., and varieties = Osmanthus heterophyllus (G. Don) P S.
Green
0. ardisioidesKing & Gamble = Chionanthus lancifolius (Ridl.) Kiew
0. attenuataWall. ex G. Don = Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb.
0. capitellataRidl. = Osmanthus scortechinii King & Gamble
0. cernuaVahl = Chionanthus obtusifolius (Lam.) Stearn
0. chinensisSweet = Ligustrum lucidum W T Aiton
0. clavata G. Don = Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb.
0. compactaWall ex G. Don = Ligustrum compactum (Wall. ex G. Don) Brandis
0. consanguineaHance ex Walp. = Ligustrum sinense Lour
0. cunninghamiiHook. f. = Nestegis cunninghamii (Hook.f) L. A. S. Johnson
0. divaricataDesf., nom. nud. = Phillyrea divaricata Vis.
0. emarginataLam. = Noronhia emarginata (Lam.) Poir.
0. endlicheriF. Muell. = Nestegis apetala (Vahl) L. A. S.Johnson
0. excelsaAiton = Picconia excelsa (Aiton) DC.
0. floribundaBenth. = Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb.
0. foveolataE. Mey. = Chionanthus foveolatus (E. Mey.) Stearn
0. fragransThunb., and varieties = Osmanthus fragrans Lour
0. grandifloraWall. ex G. Don = Ligustrum nepalense Wall.
0. humilisSalisb., nom. illeg. non Eckl. = Ligustrum vulgare L.
0. ilicifoliaHassk. = Osmanthus hererophyllus (G. Don) P S. Green
0. japonica Siebold, nom. nud. = Osmanthus x fortunei Carriere.
0. laeta Salisb. = Osmanthus americanus (L.) A. Gray
O. lanceolataHook. f. = Nestegis lanceolata (Hook.f) L. A. S.Johnson
0. latifolia (L.) Salisb. = Phillyrea latifolia L.
0. ligustrinaF. Muell., nomen = Ligustrum australianum F Muell.
0. lindleyiWall. ex G. Don = Ligustrum lindleyi (Wall. ex G. Don) P S. Green
0. linocieroides Wight = Chionanthus linocieroides (Wight) Bennet & Raizada
0. longipetiolataMerr. ex Tanaka & Odashima, nomen = Osmanthus matsumuranus
Hayata
0. macrophyllaBaker = Chionanthus boutonii A. J. Scott
0. maderiensisHort. ex Steud., nomen = Picconia excelsa (Aiton) DC.
O. marginataChamp. ex Benth. = Osmanthus marginatus (Champ.ex Benth.) Hemsl.
O. microcarpaLowe ex DC., nomen = Phillyrea angustifolia L.
O. microcarpaVahl = Ligustrum sinense Lour
O. mildbraedii(Gilg & Schellenb.) Knobl., and varieties = Chionanthus mildbraedii
(Gilg & Schellenb.)Steam
O. montana Hook. f. = Nestegis montana (Hook. f) L. A. S. Johnson

0. myrtifolia Wall. ex Voigt, nomen = Ligustrum lindleyi (Wall. ex G. Don) R S. Green
0. obovata Baker = Chionanthus ayresii A. J. Scott
0. obtusifolia Lam. = Chionanthus obtusifolia (Lam.) H. Perrier
0. platycarpa King & Gamble = Chionanthus callophyllus Blume
0. posua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, nomen = Osmanthus fragrans Lour.
0. puberula Ridl. = Ligustrum confusum Decne.
0. rigida Steud., nomen = Ligustrum sinense Lour.
0. robusta (Roxb.) Sweet, and varieties = Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume
0. rotundifolia Hort. ex Entleutner = Osmanthus heterophyllus (G. Don) P S. Green, cv.
0. roxburghii Spreng. = Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb.
0. roxburghiana Schult. = Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb.
0. sandwicensis A. Gray = Nestegis sandwicensis (A. Gray) O. Deg., I. Deg. & L. A. S.
Johnson
0. sinensis Hort. ex Lavallee, nomen = Osmanthus fragrans Lour
0. terniflora (Wall. ex G. Don) Kurz = Chionanthus mala-elengi (Dennst.) R S. Green
subsp. terniflorus (Wall. ex G. Don) P S. Green
0. vitiensis Seem. = Chionanthus vitiensis (Seem.) A. C. Sm.
0. walpersiana Hance ex Walp. = Ligustrum sinense Lour
REFERENC(ES
Breitenbach, F. von (1989). Miscellaneous taxonomic notes. J. Dendrol. 12: 31 - 38.

Chia, L.C. (1955). A preliminary study of the Chinese Oleaceae.Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3:
335 - 359.
Collenette, S. (1988). The sweet olives of Saudi Arabia. Kew Mag. 5: 36 - 38.
De Candolle, A. P. (1844). Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 8:
283 - 288. Paris.
Dyer, C. (1991). A biosystematic study of the African species of Olea L. (Oleaceae).
Ph.D. Thesis, University of Witwatersrand.
Green, P. S. & Wickens, G. E. (1989). The Olea europaeacomplex. In: Kit Tan (ed.),
The Davis and Hedge Festschrift: 287 - 299. Edinburgh University Press.
Harborne, J. B. & Green, P. S. (1980). A chemotaxonomic survey of flavonoids in
the leaves of the Oleaceae.Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 81: 155 - 167.
Hess, J., Kadereit, J. W. & Vargas, P. (2000). The colonization history of Olea eurpaea
L. in Macaronesia based on internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) sequences,
randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD), and intersimple sequence
repeats (ISSR). Molec. Ecol. 9: 857 - 868.
Johnson, L. A. S. (1957). A review of the family Oleaceae.Contr. New South Wales
Natl. Herb. 2: 395 - 418.
Kiew, R. (1999). Reapprisal of Olea species in Malasia. Gard. Bull. Singapore 51:
85 - 98.
Kupicha, F. K. (1983). Oleaceae.In: G. Pope (ed.), Flora Zambesiaca 7: 300 - 327.
Labat,J.-N., Pignal, M. & Pascal, O. (1999). Trois especes nouvelles d' Oleaceaeet note
sur la presence d' Olea capensisdans l'Archipel des Comores. Novon 9: 66- 72.
Lamaret, R., Amane, M., Ouazzani, N., Baldoni, L. & Debain, C. (2000). Chloroplast
DNA variation in the cultivated and wild olive taxa of the genus Olea L. Theor.
Appl. Genet. 101: 547 - 553.
Miao, B. M. (1992). In: M. C. Chang & L. Q. Qui (eds.), Flora Reipublicae Popularis
Sinicae 61. Science Press, Beijing.
Newberry, P. E. (1937). On some African species of the genus Oleaand the original
home of the cultivated olive-tree. Proc. Linn. Soc. London 150: 3 - 16.
Phillips, J. F. V. (1928). Olea laurifolia Lam. ("Ironwood"): an introduction to its
ecology. Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 16: 169 - 190.
Scott, A. J. (1981). Oleacees. In: J. Bosser et al. (eds.), Flore des Mascareignes, 119.
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Mauritius & Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Vargas, P., Munoz Garmendia, F., Hess, J. & Kadereit, J. (2001). Olea europaeasubsp.
guanchica and subsp. maroccana(Oleaceae),two new names for olive tree relatives.
AnalesJard. Bot. Madrid 58: 360 - 361.
Verdoorn, I. C. (1956). The Oleaceaeof Southern Africa. Bothalia 6: 549 - 639.
White, F. (1983). Afromontane elements in the flora of S. Tome; variation and
taxonomy of some 'nomads' and 'transgressors'. Garcia de Orta 6: 187 - 202.
Zohary, D. (1995). Olive, Olea europea(Oleaceae). In: J. Smartt & N. W. Simmonds,
Evolution of Crop Plants. Ed. 2. Longman, London.
-- & Hopf, M. (1993). Domestication of Plants in the Old World. Clarendon
Press, Oxford.
INDEX TO EXSICCATAE
Acocks 2 = ib; 11047 = 2a; 13431 = 8a; 14592 = 5; 18328 = 8a; 21213 = 5. Adamson 83
= 8c. Adduru 226 = 19. Ahern'scollectorin For. Bur. 2874 = 19. Ahmadin FMS 4727 =
10. Aitchison 258 = lb. Alemayehu et al. 682 = 8c; 686 = 9. Allandale in SFN 1687 = 16.
Alston 900 = 15. von Alvenslebenin Giess 11490 = lb. Amin et al. SAN 123235 = 24.
Anang 656 = 33. Anderson in NGF 21003 = 33. Andrianarisata et al. 206 = 3.
Antilahimena 34 = 3. Apostol 7335 = 19. Archer9365 = lb. Archibald 3678 = 5; 5232 = 8a;
5393 = ib; 5666 = 8a. Armitage s.n. = lb. Ash 97 (404) = lb. Ashton in BRUN 531 = 26.
Atchley236, 1560 & 1561 = la(i). Atherton697 = la(ii). Atherstone95 = lb. Aucher-Eloy
2547 = la(i); 4918 = lb. Ayres s.n. = 4.
Backers.n. = 25. Badak in SAN 32327 = 25. Baker 1790 = 33. Balansa 530, 1223 & 1683 =
33. Balfour s.n. = 4. van Balgooy 4593 & 14543 = 25. Balkwill 395 = 8b. Balkwill & Kidger
7939 = lb. Balkwillet al. 1339 = 8b. Bally688, 843, 976, 2226, 2960, 4981, 5091, 5410 &
5530 = lb; 5624 = 8c; 6164 = lb; 7579, 7613 = 8c; 7941 & 7982 = lb; 8464 = 8c. Bally &
Melville 15755 = lb. Bally & Smith 14781 = lb; 14829 = 8c. Balsinhas 178, 3003 & 6550 =
lb. Bampset al. 830 = 6; 4585 = lb. Bancroft14 = lb; 44 = 9; s.n. = 8c. Barbey411 & 1687
= lb. Barclay s.n. = 4. Barnard & Mogg 768 = 8b; 905 = lb. Baron 6410 = 8c. Barreto s.n.
= le. Bati in Parkinson 792 = 16. Battiscombe 660 = 9. Baudet 426 = lb. Baur 839 = lb.
Bavazzano & Lavranos s.n. = lb. Bayer 811 = 8c. Bayliss 687 = 5; 951 = 8a; 6001 & 6348 =
5; 6931 = 8a. BRgaud in McKee 41639 = 33. Bennett in RSNH 4000 = 33. Bernardi 9541 =
33; 11609 = 8d; 11967, 14855 & 14999 = 4. Berniers.n. = 33. van Beusehom& Geesink
4448 = 16. van Beusehom& Phengkhlia71, 309, 313, 325 & 390 = 16; 1094 & 1161 = 29.
134 KEWBULLETINVOIL.57(1)
van Beusekom & Charoenpol 1848 = 10. van Beusekom et al. 4448 = 10; 4470 = 16. Beveridge
in RSNH 3026 = 33. Biegel 2113 = lb. Billiet &Jadin 686 = 4. BKF 36371 = 19; 46378,
52238 = 16; 53522 = 10. Blume s.n. = 25. Bohnen 4083 = 5. Boivin 1210 = ib; 1211, 1212
& s.n. = 4. Bojer s.n. = 4. Bolus 1210 = 8a. Bon 2098, 2401, 3110, 3899 & 5765 = 10.
Borden in For. Bur. 2939 = 19. Borhidi et al. 85423 = lb. Borr 2631 = 20; 4428 = 33. Bosser
20666, 21568 & 22165 = 4. Boucher 997 = 8a. Bourdillon 500 = 22. Bourne 529 = 33; 620 =
22; 1265 & 1591 = 33; 1592 = 22; 6395 & 6456 = 33. Bouton s.n. = 4. Bowie 2 & s.n. = 8a.
Bradburne 111 & 1i1B = 2b; 112 & 112E = lb. Bradley 64 = Ic. Bramwell s.n. = If.
Bramwell et al. 308 = Id. Brasnett 1351 = 9. van Breda 809 = 5; 1668 = 8a. Breteler et al.
MC169 = 9. Britten 1878 = 8a. Brown 2844 = 33. Bruce 736 = 7. Brueckner 1214 = lb.
Brummitt 9423 = 9. Brunt 1551 = 9. Brynard 159 = lb. Buchard 343 = If. Bunchuai 1491
= 16. Burchell 781 = 8a; 1826 & 2929 = Ib; 3815 = 8a; 3829 = 5; 4159, 4298 & 4516 = 8a;
5225 = 8c; 5227, 5272 = 8a; 5308 = 5; 5497, 5764 & 6013 = 8a; 6077 = 8c; 6313 = 5; 7227
= 8c; 8161 & 8236 = 8a. Burger 1643 = Ib; 3255 = 9. Burke s.n. = lb. Burton 3775 = 8a.
Burtt 3253, 4265 & 4326 = lb. Burtt & Phillips 1243 = 8c. Burtt-Davy 1161, 1429, 1651 &
2745 = 8c; 2765 = lb. Busalu s.n. = 8c. Buwalda 3190 = 25. Bytebieret al. 88 = lb; 98 = 8c.
Cadet 610 bis, 2732, 3126 & 3427 = 4; 4110 = lb; 4887 = 4. Capuron 875 SF = 8c;
28197 = lb; 28200 = 4. Carmichel 54 = 9. Carter 292 = lb. Chaffey 102, 302, 324, 482,
523, 730 = 8c; 983 = 9; 998 = lb; 1183, 1184 = 8c. H. T Chang 1022A = 25. Chapman
1292 = 9; 4740 = 8c; 5286 = 9; 5709 = Ib; 5840, 6174, 6286 = 9; 6305 = ib; 8975, 8189
& 9549 = 9. Chapman & Tawakali 6174 = 9. Chase 325, 5810 & 8005 = lb. Cherrier in
McKee 44884 = 33. Chevalier 21358 = 8c. Chew & Corner in RSNB 5993 = 24. Chew et al.
840 & 939 = 24. Chow & Aban in SAN 65047 = 25. K. S. Chow et al. 78347 = 20.
Christiaensen 794 = lb. Chun 5260 = 28. N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 44167 = 10. Clarke
42067A & C = 16. Clemens 3932 = 10; 28986A, 28996 = 24; 40085, 40689 = 25; 40698 =
24; 50550 = 25; 51076 = 23; s.n. = 33. Cockburn in SAN 76801 = 25. Codd 2364 = 8b;
5223 = lb; 8694 & 8695 = 8b. Codd & Dyer 7701 & 9001 = 8b; 9135 = lb. Collenette
74/67, 28I, 1329, 2890, 2966, 3493, 3532, 3644, 3719, 3798, 4593, 5888 & 8524 = lb.
Coetzee1133 = lb. Cole 260 = lb. Collett 478 = 33. Collins 902 = 16; 1202 = 28; 1324 =
16. Comins 932 = 8a; 1119 & 1152 = lb. Commerson s.n. = 4. Compton 26403 = lb.
Congdon 172 = 10. Constable in NSW 5754 = lb; 6406 & 41631 = 33; 43175 & 56648,
74243 = lb. Coode 4264 = lb; 4459 = 4; 4594 = lb. Cooke 142 & 248 = lb; s.n. = 22.
Cooper 479 = lb. Cope & Murtland 22, 152 & 301 = lb. Corner in SFN 33480 = 10.
Cottrell 166160 = 9. Coveny et al. 6462 & 6573 = lb. Cramer 4414 = 15. Crispiels-Thonon
26 = lb. Crookshank 137 & 156 = lb. Crowfoot s.n. = lb. Cuming 1905 = 19; 2318 = 10.
Cummins 1054 & 2061 = 5. Cunningham 1/23 = 33. Curtis 222, 950, 2267 & 3506 = 16.
Dahlstrand 2958 = 8a. Dallachy s.n. = 33. Dalzell s.n. = 22 & 33. Darbyshire 842 = 33.
Davis 2297, 3297, 4541 & 14101 = la(i); 41974 & 42016 = la(ii); 47692 & 50147 =
la(i); 50199 = la(ii); 53704 = Id. Davis & Hedge 26698 = la(ii). Dawe 336 = lb; 1032
& 1051 = 9. Dee 404 = 16; 406 = 10. Degener 34314 = lb. Deighton 5649 = 8c. Delessert
s.n. = 4. L. Deng & D. L. Wu 650 = 16. Deplanche 70 = 33. Devenish 1486 = 8b. Devred
222 = 9. de Vriese & Teysmann 52 = 23. de Wilde 6558, 8995 & 9550 = 8c. Dickason 6766
& 6773 = 16. Dieterlen 715 = lb. Donis 3937 = 9. Drar 87/1035 B = lb. Drege s.n. = lb,
5 & 8a. Drummond 22671 = 33. Drummond & Hemsley 1068/b = 2b; 1294 = 8c; 3267 =
lb. Drury 418 = 9. Dummer 4394 = 9. Duthie 63 = lb; s.n. = 33.
Eberhardt 2495 & 2645 = 10. Ecklon 41 = lb. Ede 28 = 8c; 62 = lb. Edgworth 17 = 33.
Edmonds191 = la(ii). Edwards130 = ib; 1376 = 2a; 1788 = 8b; 3125 & 3126 = ib; 4120
= 8b. Eggeling 623 & 1358 = 8c; 1757 = 9; 2462, 2762 & 5929 = ib; 6009 = 8c; 6485 &
6487 = lb. Elbert 1635 & 1690 = 33. Elliott 52 = 8c; 253 = lb. Ellman & Hubbard 717 =
la(i). Ellman & Sandwith 1223 = la(ii). Elmer 10224 & 11337 = 25; 12168, 12290,
13479 & 13569 = 19; 14198 = 25. Esterhuysen 17516 = 8a; s.n = lb. Evans s.n. = 10.
Eyles 6460 & 7119 = lb. I.B.P.E. 484 & 899 = lb.
Faden 67/844 = 8c; 68/441 = lb; 74/901A = 9; 74/1255 = 2b. Faden & Holland
71/931 = 8c. Fahmy & Hussib s.n. = lb. Falconer108 = 33. Fanshaw 834, 1539, 1948,
1998 & 3667 = 9; 7384 & 7949 = lb. Fay 1239 = la(i). Fayad 19 & 224 = lb. Fernandes
49, 243 & 2202 = 22. Finlayson& Wallichin Wallich 2813A = 11. Fiori & Beguinot1912
= la(ii). Fischer & Gage 59 = 33. Flanagan 618 = 2a. Fleury s.n. in Chevalier 20391 = 16.
Forman 811 & Blewett= 24. Forrest7639 = 11; 9366 = 16; 9899, 12073, 12360, 13481,
13730, 17481, 17917 & 18784 = 11; 18866 = lb; 19360 & 19354 = 11; 25464 & 26007
= lb. Forster14736 & 16175 = 33. Fosbrooke17 = lb. Fotius 1996 = 8c. Fourcade704 = 8a;
1412 = 8a. Franc915 & 1289 = 33. Fraser70 = 33. Friedmann527, 921, 929, 1713, 2020,
2260 & 2515 = 4; 2803 = lb. Fries 1790 = 9. Fries & Fries 468 & 1452 = lb. Friis &
Hansen 2574 = 9. Friis & Vollesen1106 = 8c. Friis et al. 337 = 9; 1089 = 8c; 1229 = lb;
3486 = 9. FukuokaT36132 = 10. Fyffe65 = 9. Fynn 22944 = lb.
Galpin2566 & 11041 = ib; 11254 = 8a; 11685 = 8b. Gamble525D & E = 32; 891 = 21;
6008A & 16167 = 33; 16794 = 22; 19716 = la(i); 20630 = 33; 22131 = lb; 22967 &
27502 = 33; 28199 = la(i). Gammillin For. Bur. 267, 280 & 369 = 19. Gandoger502,
3182 & 3183 = la(i). Gardner s.n. = 22 & 33. Garside 221 = 8a; 486 = 5; 1054 = lb;
1422 & 1425 = 8a; 1748 = lb; 4895 = 8c. Geesink et al. 6848 = 10. Geldenhuys 277 = 8a.
Geoffray289 & 2118 = 16. Gerard541 & 891 = 9; 5575 = 8c. Germain782 & 3118 = 9;
3145 & 3446 = lb; 4389 = 8c. Germeon1280 = la(i). Gerrard380 = 2a; 1151 = 8b; 1152
= lb; 1666 = 2a. Gers s.n. = lb. Gerstner 3572 = 8b; 5242 = lb; 6015 = 8c; 6142 = 5.
Gibsons.n. = 22. G. Gilbert388 & 438 = 9. M. G. &J. B. Gilbert1758 = 8c. Gill 439 = 33.
J. B. Gillett 3085 = 8b; 3277 = lb; 3379 & 3561 = 8a; 4566, 4683 & 5179 = lb; 5385 =
8c; 8058 = la(i); 13422 & 14741 = lb; 18664 = 2b. M. C. Gillett 781 = 8a. Gilliat-Smith
3206 = la(ii). GiminghamCy97 & 103 = la(ii). Glover& Gillibrand475 = lb. Gloveret
al. 651, 727, 1203, 1457 & 2140 = lb; 2183 = 8c; 2520, 2595 & 3179 = lb. Godbole&
Watve45054 = 22. Godefroy-Lebeuf 629 & 638 = 16. Goddier& Phipps 308 = 6. Godfrey
SH-1263 = lb. Gomes& Sousa 4393 = 9. Goossens927 & 977 = lb. Gossweiler4455,
4497, 4497B, 10016 = 9; 10826 & 10827 = lb; s.n.= 9. Gouan s.n. = 8a. Gourgaud s.n. =
16. Grabner303 = lb. GrandvauxBarbosa1 = lb. GrandvauxBarbosa& Lemos7526 &
8513 = lb. Gray 1024 & 1278 = 33. Green 1563 = 33; 1590 & 2066 = lb; 2090 = 20;
2460 = 29. Greenhow 31/51 = lb. Greenway 4292 & 4432 = lb; 4531, 5752 & 6124 = 9;
6248, 6560 & 7603 = lb; 9708 = 8c; 9717 = 9; 10756 = lb. Greenway & FitzGerald
14820 = 9. Greenway & Hughes 8564 = 9; 8565 = 8c. Greenway & Kanuri 12191 = 9;
12354 = lb. Greenway& Trapnell5482 = 9. Greenway& Turner13335 = 8c. Grenfell869
= 8c. Grey-Wilson & Hewer 212a & b = lb. Griffith 315 = 16; 3678 = lb; 3679 = 10; 3689
= 21; 3690 & 3692 = 16; s.n. = 10 & 16. Grimshaw 93162, 93418 = 8c; 93528 = lb;
94393 & 94212 = 8c; 94225, 94552 & 94627 = lb. Groenandijk& Boane 2014 = lb.
Guest1645 = la(i). Guittoneaus.n. = Ic. Gutierrezin Phil. Nat. Herb. 78189 = 19.
136 KEW BULLETIN VOIL.57(1)
Haines 340 = 21; 1121 = 9; 2161 = 33. Ham 900 = 9. Hamid in FMS 4722 & 4898 = 10.
herb. Hance 19757 = 16. Hancock 135 = ib; 525 = 11. Handel-Mazzetti 1091 = 11; 2526 =
ib; 6203 = 11; 8813 = lb. Hanekom 2242 = lb. Hansen 3285 = lb. Hansen et al. 6426 =
ib; 11223, 11227 & 11237 = 10; 11371 & 11378 = 16. Hardy 855 = lb. Harley 9587B &
9588 = 8c. Harmand 123, 240, 618 & 1211 = 16. Harris 159 = 9. Harsukh 20587 = lb.
Hartley 11948 & 12092 = 33. Havel in NGF 9114 = 33. Havel & Kairo in NGF 15487 =
33. Haviland 3040 = 25. Haynes 1201 = lb; 1221 = 8a. Hedberg 92129 = lb. Heldreich
858 = la(ii); 859, 860 & 861 = la(i). Helfer 3690 = 16. Hemm 374 = 8c; 429 = 8b.
Hemming 1908 = lb. Hemming & DeshmukhJess/86/96 = 8c. Hemming & Watson 3262
= lb. Henderson in SFN 20337 = 10. Hennipman 3640 = 10. Hennipman et al. 663 =
la(i). Henry 2177 & 8457 = 10; 9764 & 9764A = 11; 10550 = lb; 10930, 10930A,
10930C = 11; 11661A, B, D & E = 29; 11861 = 33; 12012 = 11; 12598 = 29; 12500 = 33.
Hepper & Jaeger 7269 = 8c. Hepper & Maley 7943 = 8c. Hepper & Wood 5967 = lb.
Hepper et al. 4887 = 8c. Herlocker 34 = 8c. Hewer 4572 = la(ii); 14148= lb. Hildebrandt
1524 = lb. McCoy Hill 12 = 8c. Hill et al. 2574 & 2575 = la(ii); 2745 = la(i). Hind in
NSW 198678 = lb. Hohenacker 408 = 23; 503 = 33. Holmes 1289 = 9. Holst 2500 & 9133
= lb. Hooker 1730 & 2469 = 16. Hooper & Townsend 231 = 9. Hornby 924 & 2812 = lb.
Hosseus 515a = 29. Hou 830 = 16. E C. How 70526 = 10; 70708 = 12; 73542 & 73573 =
13; 73749 & 73762 = 20. Howard IM5 & IM15 = 8c. Howes 224 = lb. Hoyle 1389 = 9;
1395 = lb. Hubbard 4867 = lb. Huddle 76 = la(i). Hughes 53, 55, 56, 59 & 61 = 8c; 64
= 9; 86 = 8c; 88 = 9; 90 = 8c; 92 = 9; 98 & 161 = 8c; 162, 163 & 164 = 9; 165, 169 & 170
= 8c; 176 = lb; 183, 184, 185 & 208 = 9; 210 = 8c; 217, 218, 219 & 221 = ib; 225 = 9;
227 = lb; 228 = 8c; 229, 230, 231, 235, 236, 254, 255, 256, 257, 269, 270, 274, 275,
276, 278, 278A, 279 & 279A = lb; 285 = 9. Hugo 6434 = 5; 6434/1 = lb. Hulstijn &
Atje 364 = 23. Huovila 36 = la(i). Hutchinson 3 = 8a; 2064 & 2317 = lb; 2434 = 8b;
2932, 3009 & 4136 = lb. Hutchinson & Gillett 3217 = 8b; 4217 & 4276 = 8c; 4428 = 8b.
Hutchinson & Smuts 2329 = lb. Huxley 155 = la(i).
Ingoldby 286 = la(i). Innes & Story 1391 = 8c. Iwatsuki et al. T8332 = 10.
Jackson 1349 = lb. Jackson & Ramsay 2 & 41 = Ic. Jacot Guillarmod 9321 = 8a. Jarrett 5 =
lb; 37 & 469 = 8c. Jamieson 435 = 33. Jameson s.n. = 8a. Jefford et al. 268 = 9. Jenkins 289
= 21. Johnson 1016 = 5. Johnston s.n. = lb. Jones 202 & 213 = 8c. Jordaan 55 = lb.
Junghuhn 188 = 24.
Kageler 1984-12 = lb. Kajewski 762 = 33. Kanjillal 2823 = 16. Karp s.n = lb. Katim et al.
4722 = lb. Katoch 72 = 33. Keenan s.n. = 21. Keenen et al. 951 = 16. Kennedy 2246 = lb.
Kenny s.n. = lb. Kerfoot 1964, 3972 & 4014 = lb; 4228 = 8c; 7672 = 8b. Kerr 690 = 16;
1100 & 1717 = 28; 1747 & 1761 = 16; 1843 = 28; 3489 & 3593 = 16; 5104 = 29; 5941 =
10; 6806, 8138 & 8286 = 16; 8734 & 9765 = 10; 10001 = 33; 11589, 14144 & 14388 =
16; 14665, 14665A = 10; 15071, 15071A, 15970, 16615, 17842 = 17, 17843 = 16;
18721 = 10; 19018, 20264 & 21023 = 16. Khalifa & Karamanli 804 = la(ii). Kill 97 =
13. Keith 622 = la(ii). Killick 4373 = lb. Killick & Marais 2116 = lb. Kingdon Ward
7627 & 22566 = 16. King's collector 1138 = 10; s.n. = 16. Kitchings.n. = lb. Kluge 747 =
8b. de Koning & Nuvunga 8358 = lb. Koritschoner 1394 = lb. Kostermans 6338, 7500,
7535 & 7599 = 25; 18097, 18240, 18300 & 18304 = 33; 18561, 18778 & 19169 = 25;
19191 = 33; 23228, 23368 & 23392 = 15; 23403 = 33; 23660 = 15; 23872 = 25; 26873 =
15. Kostermans& Wirawan801 & 811 = 25; 863 = 33. Kostermannset al. KK & SS 142 &
143 = 33; 378 = 25. Kotzze839 = lb. Koyamaet al. T33709 = 10. Kramer& Nair 6033 &
6539 = 22. Kriel6129 = 8a. Kruger381 = 8a. Kuntzes.n. = lb & 8a.
Labat & Pignal 1397 = 8d. Lace 3367 = ib; 5045 & 5610 = 16. Lange 323 = la(i).
Lanjouw 61 = 25. Larsen et al. 1947 = 29; 31460 & 31490 = 10. S. K. Lau 119 = 10;
28388 = 27. Laukkonen321 = la(i). Laumonier401 = 24. Lavanros et al. 24827 = lb.
Law s.n. = 22 & 33. Lawalle2488 = lb. Lawton968 = 9; 1855, 1924, 2256 & 2414 = lb.
Leach & Noel 183 = lb. Lebrun3200 = 9; 7471 = 8c; 8020 & 9674 = lb. C. I. Lei 397 &
890 = 10. Leistner1717 = lb. Leonard4689 = la(i); 5269 = 9; 2686 & 3499 = 8c; 4502 =
9. Lesouef 17 = 4. Letouzey 6932, 6933 & 13044 = 8c. Letty 219 = 8a. Lewis &
Razafimandimbison718 = 3. Y H. Li 4205 = 26. Z. T Li & Y C. Chen600010 & 600222
= 16. H. Y Liang 61711 & 66470 = 10. Liben551 = ib; 1566 = 8c. Lideh Subalin SAN
60384 = 25. Liebenberg7894 = 8a. Lightbodyin FHI 26283 & 26315 = 8c. Linder3838 =
8c; 4004 = 8a. Linger86 = lb. Lisowski118046 & 18058 = lb. Lobbs.n. = 10. Loher3865
& 4898 = 19. Long 398 = 8a; 856 = 5; 1009 = 8a. Lorence 831 = ib; 2191 = 4. Louis 4888
= lb. Louriero s.n. = 10. Lugard 284 & 473 = lb. Lushington 41 & s.n. = 33. Luke &
Robertson2497 = lb. Lynes57, 82a & 82b = Ic; DK98 = 8c; IH119 = lb.
Maas Geesteranus5310 = 9; 5477 = ib; 5998 = 9; 6174 = ib; 6252 = 9. Mabesain For.
Bur. 24999 = 19. McClure7398 = 10. McComish3 = 33. McCoy-Hill9 = lb. McDonald
s.n. = lb. McDonald & Ismail 4802 = 33. MacGillivray665 = 8a. McKee4719, 10092,
10095, 30723, 32951, 33732, 33809, 34996, 40732, 41639 & 44884 = 33. McGregor
M1/51 = ib; M25/37 = 9. Maconochie3651 = lb. MacOwen1364 = lb. McPherson4853
= 33; 14515 = 8d. Madden41 = 33. van derMaesen3528 = 22. Magogo1539 = 9. Magogo
& Glover1050 = 2b. Magaji & Tuley1790 = 8c. Maingay 1022 = 10. Maire 129, 1112,
1116, 1317 & 2416 = 11. Maitland 498 = 8c. Malcomberet al. 1473 = 8d. Malik in
S46522 = 24. Mandon 174 & 174a = lc; s.n. = la(i). Marais 279 & 285 = 8b; 610 = 8a.
M. A. Martin 1558 = ? 10; 1751 = ? 17. PJ. Martin in S37066 = 24. Mashetiet al. 4-335
= lb. Masters 289 = 20; s.n. = 16. Matay 1 = 9. Mattfeld 1360 & 2638 = la(i); 2639 =
la(ii). Matthew in RHT 12483 = 33; 27119 & 46876 = 22; 48684 = 33. Maung Ba Pe
12862 & 13006 = 16. Maxwell 76-11, 76-149, 82-172, 85-884, 86-1086 & 87-150 = 10;
87-812, 88-283, 88-1085 & 89-341 = 28. Mbuvi 431 = lb. Medley Wood 500 = 8b; 572 =
ib; 11596 = 8b. Meebold8254 = 22. Meeuse10216 = lb. Meinertzhagen190 = Ic. Melville
& Moore5373 = lb. Melville & Oliver 70/120 = lb. Mendoza in PNH 42269 = 19.
Merrill1835, 2255, 2670, 8626 & 9308 = 19. Merton725 & 2540 = la(i). van derMerve
1041 = 5; 1047 = 8a; 6434/1 = 5. Merxmiiller 956 = lb. Mesfin Tedesse& Kagnew 2050 =
lb. Meyer 7713 = ib; 7714 = 8c; in For. Bur. 2792 = 19. Michelson 1195 & 1313 = 8c.
Mikil in SAN 41831, 46771 & 57710 = 25. Miller B/248 = 1; 6130 = 2a. Miranda in
FR20626 = 19. Mogg 14225 = ib; 16888 & 16908 = 8b; 17285, 27438 & 30539 = ib;
s.n. = 5 & 8a. Moll 2795 & 2805 = 2a; 3108, 3200, 3486 & 3513 = 8c; 4701 = lb; 4974
& 4980 = 2a. Moll & Nel 6434 = 8c. Moomaw 1282 = 2b; 1594 = lb. Moon 578 = 9.
Mooney 1492 = 33; 5594 = lb; 5691 = 8a; 6371 & 6522 = lb; 6676 = 9; 6718 = lb; 8455
= 8c; 8653, 8767, 8856 & 8861 = 9. Moore 33 & 60 = 33. Moreau 303 = lb. Morrison s.n.
= lb. Morton & Gledhill SL2989 = 8c. Moss 4073 & 4519 = 8a. Moss & Rogers 422 = lb;
1603 = 5. Msenefu 4 = lb. Msuya 15 = 9. Muchai 124 = 8c. Mueller s.n. = 33.
Mueustermann in EA 17075 = lb. Mujin in SAN 18808 = 10. Muiller 506, 718 & 1596 =
9. Munton 17 = lb. Murata et al. T41653, T41885 & T43119 = 10. Murray 3854 = lb.
Murton 62 = 10. Mutimushi 79 = 9. Muze 1 = lb. Mwasumbi/Mdemu 12267 = 8c. Myers
10966a, 11576, 11689, 11759 & 13422 = 8c.
Napper1044 & 1697 = lb. Nel 162 & 193 = lb. Neldner2783 = 33. Neth. Ind. For Serv.
bb.27108 = 33. Newberry 2 = le. Newbold 939 = lb; 3093 = 8c; 7056 = lb; 7247 = 8c. Ng
in FRI 1064 = 16. Nesbit-Evans 1 = lb. Niyomdham 60 = 28; 1132 & 1726 = 10.
Niyomdham et al. 119 = 16. Noe 1189 = la(i). Nooteboom 3008 = lb.
OFarrell79 = 33. Oforo 1 = 8c. Oliver 4895 = lb. Oteke31 = lb.
Paget-Wilkes57 = 8c. Palmer12 = la(ii); 13 & 14 = lb; 15 & 16 = la(ii). Pampanini 6052
= la(ii). Pancher s.n. = 33. Pappe s.n. = 8a. Pappi 148 & 152 = lb. Parish 277 = 16.
Parker 3162 = 5; 3306 = 33; 3591 = 5; 4093 = lb; 4150 = 8a; 4730 = lb. Parkinson 792 =
16. Parry 64 = lb; 542 = 16. Pascal 335, 355 & 459 = 8d. Paulo 1014 = lb. Pearson
2966, 5226, 5669 & 7561 = lb. Pegler 994 = 8a. Pengklai et al. 3007 = 10. Pentz 218 =
8b. Perdue & Kibuwa 8113 = 8c; 8262 = ib; 8429 = 8c; 9011 & 9098 = lb; 9144 = 8c;
11242 = 9. Perrier 2027 = 8c. Pitelot 3828 = 10; 6598 = 20; 8749 = 16. Peter 46 = 8c;
2196, 4117, 9139, 9459, 11288 & 15931, 43229 = lb. Pham Hoang-Ho 5232 = 16.
Phengkhlai 1119 = 16. Phengnaren 459 = 10. Phillips 1570 = 8a; 3349 = 5; s.n. = lb.
Phillipson915 = 8a. Pierre243, 2816, 2817 & s.n. = 16. Pillans 5153 & 7178 = lb. Platt
502 = la(i). Plowes 1434 = lb. Pocs & Nsolomo 88170/Q = lb. Pocs et al. 88160/A = lb.
Podlech 16769 = lb; 20046 = 33. Poilane 169 & 395 = 16; 1034 = 10; 1165 = 31; 5908 =
13; 11415 = 16; 11567 = 10; 14165 = 16; 14166 = 17; 40813 = 10. Pole-Evans 30 & 2753
= ib; 4326, 4327 & 4328 = 8a; 4329 = 5; s.n. = 8b. Pole Evans & Erens 903, 1284 &
1317 = lb. Polhill 197 = lb; 4696 & 4697 = la(i). Polhill & Paulo 1574 = 7. Polhill &
Verdcourt 310A = 9. Poore 2104 = 23. Popov 1216 = lb. Pouis 5429 = 8c. Price 740 =
la(i). Prior 130 = ib; 238 = 2a; 284 & 296 = lb; 465 = 8c; s.n. = lb, 5 & 8a. Procter 196,
202 & 234 = 8c; 235 = 9; 236, 237A, 237B, 659 & 764 = 8c; 849 & 861 = lb; 3468 = lb;
3834 = lb; Proctor et al. = 19. Put 487, 1545, 1592, 1682, 2313 & 2715 = 16; 3468 = lb;
3678 = 10; 3751 & 3774 = 29.
Radcliffe-Smith4035 & 5332 = lb. Rahajasoa et al. 408 = 3. Ralston s.n. = lb. Ramos in
Bur. Sci. 15014 = 14; 15294 = 25; 33262 = 14; 33178 = 25. Ramos &Edafio in Bur. Sci.
26328 & 28792 = 14; 38584 = 25. Randrianasolo& Marolahy162 = 8d. Randrianasoloet
al. 201 = 4. Ranger 167 = 2a. Kameswara Rao 23 = 22. Rasoavimbahoaka 328 = 3. Rawi
10760 & 11348 = la(i). Rechinger12185 = la(ii). Reekmans9712 = 8c; 10442, 10462 &
10486 = lb. Rehmann 5395 = 2a. Reid 326 = 8c. Reynal in RSNH 16027 = 33. Reynosa et
al. 502 = 30. Richards 1776 = 25; 20877A & 21788 = lb; 22699, 22999 & 23907 = 9.
Richmond4 = 8c; 5 = lb. Ridley3616A, 8420, 10731, 14933 & s.n. = 10. Ridsdale 478,
582 & 584 = 22; 681 = 33; in SMHI 1609 & 1827 = 30. Ridsdale et al. 1226 = 19. Ritchie
921 = 22. G. Robertson 174 = 8a. W A. Robertson 416 = 16. Robinson 6440 = 16. Robyns
3345 = lb. Rock 2749 = 29. Rodd 1509 = lb. Rodin 1047, 1167, 1310 = 8a; 2965 = lb;
3107 = 8a; 3629 & 4502 = lb. Rodway 315 = lb. Rogers 550, 645, 5557 & 13580 = lb;
16057 = 8a; 16844, 17339 & 20156 = lb; 22022, 26566, 29834, 29931, 29932 & 29933
= 8a; 30059 = lb; s.n. = If. la Rosa 1984-015 = lb. Ross 922 = 8. Ross & Moll 2149 = 2a.
Royle s.n. = 33. Roxburgh s.n. = 21. Ruffo 889 & 1463 = lb. Ruffo & Kisena 2869 = 9.
Ruffo & Sigara 3038 = lb; 3063 = 8c. Rugman s.n. = Ic. Runyinya 986 = lb.
Sahira697 = la(i). Sahni & Kamil677 = lb. Saldanha 14375 & 16803 = 22. Salter299 =
lb. Santapau 1441 = 22. Santisuk & B. N. 476 = 10. Sarioin SAN 28548 = 25. Scharf
1509 & 1560 = 8a; 1530 = 8c; 1638 = 8a. Schatzet al. 1796 & 3605 = 3. Scheepers1104 =
8c. van derSchijff4665 = 8c; 5124 = 8a; 5582 = 8c; 5653 = lb. Schimper871 = 8c; 918 &
945 = lb. Schlechter1264 = 5; 2005 = ib; 7267 = 8a; 16314 & 16984 = 33. Schlieben3553
= 7; 5065 = ib; 10647 & 10681 = 8b. Schmutz2741 = 24. Schneider685, 816 & 819 = 11;
1437 & 3554 = lb. Schnell2626 = 8c. Schoch13 = 11. Schweinfurth249 & 1676 = lb. Scott
318 = lb. ScottElliot 6583, 6618, 6896 & 8024 = lb. Sedgwick& Bell 5064, 5761 & 7350
= 22. Semsei1678 = 8c; 2073 = 7; 2194 = 8c; 2217 = ib; 2240 = 2b; 3205 = 9. Sharma
167441 = 21. Shaws.n. = lb. Shea & Abanin SAN 76742, 77228 & 77236 = 19. Shabetai
s.n. = lb. Shetty11963 = 22. Sibatak Luang in S22111, S22172 & S22516 = 25. Sieber219
& 220 = 8a. Simons 195 = 16. Simpson5380 = la(i); 53150 = la(ii). Sinanggolin SAN
57416 & 57438 = 19. Sinclairin SFN 39301 = 16; in SFN 40017 = 10. Jaswir Singh in
SAN 24765 = 25; in SAN 28332 = 19. Sino-Brit.Exped.K130 = 11. Eryl Smith651 = 10. L.
S. Smith6271 & 10787 = 33. Smitinand869 = 10; 8783 = 16. Smitinand & Abbe6505 =
10; 24582 = 16; 24959 = 10. Smitinandet al. 10249 = 19. Smuts & PoleEvans 899 = lb.
Soepadmo9076 = 10. Sorensenet al. 3511 & 5484 = 16; 5644 = 29; 5881 = 16; 6975 &
7072 = 29. Sprague& Hutchinson187 = lf. Stables5/55 = 6. Stalmans739 = 2a. Stauffer
997 = lb. Stayner17 = lb. StClair-Thompson 601 & 1330 = lb. Steele63 = lb; 44 = 8c; 132
= 9. van Steenis12141 = 33; 12301 & 12339 = 25. R. R. Stewart1574 = 33. Stockdales.n.
= 15. Stocks569 = lb; s.n. = 22 & 33.
Story1667 = 8b; 2300 & 4494 = 8a; 6029 & 6588 =
lb. Strachey& Winterbottom =
1 33. Streckers.n. = lb. Strey2921 = 8a; 6927, 7133 & 8842
= 8b. Styles151, 247 = 9; 300 & 301 = ib; 311 = 9. Subramanian1089 & 1595 = 22. Sulit
in Phil. Nat. Herb.21716 = 25. Sudan ForestDept. 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12 = 8c. Suzuki900 = 9.
Swynnerton1281 = 6. Sykes175853 & 175854 = lb. Symoens10054 = 8c. Symon12871 =
lb. Syngrassides1652 & 1655 = la(i). Synnott1857 = lb.
Y W Taam151 & 1047 = 10. Tagawaet al. T922 = 10. Taiti2 & s.n. = lb. Talipin SAN
54929 & SAN 54945 = 19. Talip & Ejan in SAN 86986 = 25. Tanner3897 = 2b; 4376 =
8c. Taton850 = 8c. Tedd1089 = la(i) & la(ii). Telford10401 = 33. Tengwall601 = la(i).
Teruya2172 & 2223 = 10. TesfayeHaile 507 = lc; 533 = lb; 694 = lc; 695 = 9; 698 = 8c.
Thaitanga417 = 8c. Theron981 = 8a. ThodeA959 = 8a; A1443 & A2167 = lb; A2268 =
8a. Thom757 = lb. Thomas3186, 4450 & 4170 = lb. Thomerson710 & 767 = 9; 794 =
8c. Thompson153 & 1206 = 8a. Thomson1000 = 33. Thorels.n. = 10 & 16. Thorncroft
2005 = 8b. Thulin et al. 8958 = lb. ThwaitesC.P. 275, 627 & 1824 = 15; 2481 = 33.
Tinley2689 & 2923 = 9. Tobey1564 = la(ii). du Todaro1259 = la(ii). Toit2435 = 8b.
Townsend73/4 = 22. Trapnell2121 = lb. Troupin7879, 8867 & 9466 = lb. Tsai 53162
= 11. W T Tsang467, 765 & 21016 = 10; 29241, 30081 & 30170 = 31. Tsang & Fung
659 = 20. Y Tsiang1748 = 10. Ts'oong1060 & 3743 = 12. Turner5 = lb. Turrill980 &
1005 = la(i). Turton82 = lb. Tweedie2048 & 4244 = lb. T & P. 244 & 530 = 10.
Uhe1151 & 1190 = lb; 1304, 1319 & 1341 = 33. Ujorin FHI 30428 = 8c.
Van der Ben 101 & 614 = lb. Vanpruk807 & 808 = 16. Venter1016 = 8a; 2764 = 8c.
Verdcourt 1714 = 9; 2247 = lb. Verdcourt 940, 1654 & s.n. = lb.
et al. 2959 = 8c. Verdoorn
J. E. Vidal739A, 740A, 922A & 4389 = 10. S. Vidal449, 1577, 1905, 2107, 3238, 3240
& 3241 = 19. Viellard2480 = 33. Vundla17 = lb.
140 KEWBULLETINVOI. 57(1)
Waas 957, 993 & 1136 = 15. Wachiori135 = 9. Walker183 = 10; 1512 & s.n. = 15.
Wallich2811 = 33; 2813A & B = 10; 2814 = 21; 2821 = 16; s.n. = 8a. C. Wang34018 =
10. Ward649 = 2a; 2247 = 8c; 3253 & 7655 = 2a; 9599 = lb. Watkins592 = 9; 629 = ib;
631 = 8c. Wells2013 = ib; 3056 = 8a. Wells& Edwards70 = 8b. Welwitsch228 = la(ii);
940 = ib; 945 & 946 = 9. West4965 = 9; 5816 = lb. Westfall1519 = lb. Wheatley800 =
33. Whitein NGF2519 & 10141 = 33. Whitford1142 = 18. Whytes.n. = lb & 8c. Wickens
1252, 1264, 1461 & 2687 = Ic. Wight 1793 = 22; 1796 = 33; 1800 = 22. Wild 602 &
3037 = ib; 4575 = 6; 6330, 6506 & 6559 = 9; 8009 = 6. de Wilde548 = lb. de Wilde &
de Wilde-Duyfjes5554 = Ic; 6099, 8313 & 9902 = Ib; 15124 = 25. Wilkess.n. = 10.
Willan 57 = 8c; 72 = ib; 242 = 9; 250, 263 & 512 = 8c; 573 = lb. C. Williams313 = lb.
L. Williams 17271 & 17279 = 16. R. S. Williams 562 = 19. S. L. Williams 614 = 8a.
Willkomm592 = la(i). Wilman1316 = lb. Wilms3484 = lb. Wilson23 = 9; 819 & 849 =
lb. Winckel3 & 1848B = 25. Wirawan159, 182 & 263 = 25. Wight1793, 1797, 1800 &
1810 = 22. Wight in Wallich2815 = 22. Winit 47 & 1305 = 29; 1380 & 1550 = 16. de
Winter2855 = lb. WolleyDod 171 = 8a; 1925 = la(i); 5641 = 8a. Wood3156 = ib; 3956
& 7975 = 2a. Woodbush4329 = 8c. Worsdells.n. = ib, 5 & 8a. Worthington1718 & 5481
= 15. Wrigley& Melville57 = 9. Q. A. Wu 7208 = 26. Wylies.n. = 2a. G.B.W 399 = 9.
Yii 16545 = 33; 20988 = 18. Yuang4 = 10.

Zenna & Tesfaye= 9. Zeyhers.n. = ib, 5 & 8a. Zinna Abebe545 = lb.

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A Revision of Olea L.

A revision of Olea L. (Oleaceae)

Accepted for publication October 2001.

KEY TO SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS

1. Drupes large, 2 - 4 cm long, mesocarp thick, fleshy; leaf-blades narrowly elliptic

5. Madeira ................................... le. subsp. cerasiformis

la. subsp. europaea

la (ii). var. sylvestris (Mill.) Lehr, Olea europaea: 30 (1779).

lb. subsp. cuspidata (Wall ex G. Don) Cif., L'Olivicoltore 19 (5): 96 (1942).

0. europaeavar. cuspidata(Wall. ex G. Don) Cif., L'Olivicolture 19 (5): 96 (1942).

0. europaea subsp. maderensis (Lowe) O. E. Erikss. et al. in Eriksson, Hansen &

Shrubs or trees. Leaves entire, glabrous, without domatia. Inflorescence terminal

KEY TO SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES

1. Inflorescence axillary, sometimes terminal as well .................... 2

2a. subsp. woodiana

long including somewhat globose stigma. Drupes ellipsoid-globose, 8 - 10 x 7 - 8

SELECTION OF MATERIAL EXAMINED:

CONGO (KINSHASA). Kivu Mont, Masisi, Kaha,Jan. 1959, Leonard2686.

Tree to 35 m tall. Leaves somewhat coriaceous, petioles slender 1.7 - 4 cm long,

Subgen. Tetrapilus (Lour.) P S. Greenstat. nov.

taxonomic recognition as a distinct taxon is adequately reflected at the rank of

1. Flowers with corolla ......................................... 2

14. Olea obovata (Merr.) Kiew,Gard. Bull. Singapore 51: 94 (1999).

Tetrapilushainanensis (H. L. Li) L. A. S. Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl.

They also occupy different geographical areas. 0. wightianais a widespread Western

24. Olea rubrovenia (Elmer)Kiew,Gard. Bull. Singapore 51: 95 (1999).

in RSNB5993; Mt Kinabalu, eastern shoulder, 13 July 1961, Chew,Corner& Stainton

VERNACULAR NAMES. "Medang lit" (Kulit puteh) Sarawak;"Nengkal",Flores.

28. Olea tetragonoclada L. C. Chia,Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 341, t. 48/5 - 7 (1955); B.

Subgen. Paniculatae P S. Greensubgen. nov. Arbores; folia utraque squamas peltatas

Olea arboreaLodd., Cat. P1. 1826: 31 (1826), nomen.

Olea acuminataWall. ex G. Don. and var. longifoliaDC. = Osmanthus fragrans Lour

O. montana Hook. f. = Nestegis montana (Hook. f) L. A. S. Johnson

Breitenbach, F. von (1989). Miscellaneous taxonomic notes. J. Dendrol. 12: 31 - 38.

Yii 16545 = 33; 20988 = 18. Yuang4 = 10.

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