MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC -270001 – 2005 Certified)

WINTER -2019 EXAMINATION Subject code: 22205

Model Answer

Important Instructions to the Examiners:

1) The answer should be examined by keywords and not as word-to-word as given in the model
answer scheme.

2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to
assess the understanding level of the candidate.

3) The language error such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more importance.
(Not applicable for subject English and communication skill).

4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the
figure. The figure drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit
for any equivalent figure drawn.

5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In the some cases, the assumed constants
values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidates answer and model answer.

6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidates understanding

7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.

1|20 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

QU MARK
E ANSWER WITH QUESTION S
NO
1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10
a) State the classification of surveying based on nature of field.
Ans. a) Land surveying 2
b) Marine or Navigation surveying Marks
c) Astronomical surveying
b) State the object of surveying.
Ans. 1. The object of surveying is to prepare a plan / map to show the relative
positions of the objects on the surface of the earth. It shows the natural 1 mark
features of a country such as rivers, hills, lakes and artificial such as villages, each
roads, railways, bridges etc.
2. To determine relative heights of different points. (Any
3. To determine area of given piece of land. Two)
4. To prepare contour maps.
c) List any four instruments used for linear measurement
Ans. 1) Chain 1/2
2) Tape mark
3) Arrows each
4) Pegs (Any
5) Ranging rod four)
d) State any four types of tapes
Ans. 1) Cloth / Linen Tape 1/2
2) Metallic Tape mark
3) Steel Tape each
4) Invar Tape
5) Digital Tape (Any
6) Synthetic Tape four)
e) State the types of benchmarks.
Ans. 1) Great Trigonometrical Survey benchmark (GTS)
1/2
2) Permanent Benchmark
mark
3) Temporary Benchmark
each
4) Arbitrary Benchmark

2|20 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 f) Define i) Back Sight Reading ii) Height of instrument
Ans. i) Back Sight Reading: This is the first staff reading taken in any set up of the 1 mark
instrument after leveling has been perfectly done. This reading is always taken on a
point of known RL i.e on bench mark or change point
ii) Height of instrument: When the levelling instrument is properly levelled, the
RL of the line of collimation is known as Height of instrument. This is obtained by 1 mark
adding the BS reading to the RL of the BM or CP on which the staff reading was
taken.
g) Write any two precautions to be taken while using planimeter.
Ans. 1. Set the anchor point inside or outside the figure depending on size of figure. If the
area is very large ,it can be divided into number of sections.
2. The value of C (constant) is added only when the anchor point is inside the figure. 1 mark
3. N is considered positive when zero of the dial passes the index mark in clockwise each
direction
4. N is considered negative when zero of the dial passes the index mark in (Any
anticlockwise direction two)
5 Tracing is always done in clockwise direction.
OR
Precautions to be taken for Digital Planimeter:
1. Set the scale as per given drawing to the planimeter.
2. Tracing point is moved preciously over the boundary of figure.
3. Operating manual shall be referred before operating different functions
2) Attempt any THREE of the following 12
a) A road actually 1420m long was found 1414m when measured by a defective
chain 30m chain. How much correction does the chain need?
Ans. Given: L=30m True length=1420m, Measured length =1414m
Solution:
True Length = (L’/L) * Measured Length
1420 = (L’/30) * 1414 2 mark
L’= (1420 * 30) / 1414
L’= 30.12 m.
Now L’ is greater than L. So, the chain is too long.
Amount of correction (e) = 30 – 30.12 = - 0.12m. 2 mark

3|20 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 b) Explain the Stepping method of measuring the horizontal distance of sloping
ground with sketch.
Ans. In direct method which is also known as stepping method, horizontal distance is
directly measured as shown in fig.
Stepping Method
Horizontal distance between A and B is required to be measured.
Procedure:
i) A portion of tape say 2 to 4m is stretched horizontally with one end resting on 2
ground and other end held horizontally at convenient height. marks
ii) The point vertically below the other end is transferred on the ground with the
help of plumb bob (Say C).
iii) The next step starts from the C and the method is continued till point B reached.

2
marks

c) Draw conventional symbol for i) Embankment, ii) Pond, iii) Temple, iv) Bridge

Ans. 1) Embankment 2) Pond

1 Mark
3) Temple 4) Bridge each

4|20 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 d) Following are the observed fore bearing of the line. Find their back bearings. i)
400 30’ ii) N380 30’W iii) 1690 30’ iv) N250 30’E
Ans. i) FB =400 30’ 1 mark
BB=FB+1800 = 400 30’+1800 = 220030’
ii) FB = N 380 30’ W 1 mark
BB = S 380 30’E
iii) FB = 1690 30 1 mark
BB = FB+1800 = 1690 30+1800 = 3490 30’
iv) FB = N 250 30’E 1 mark
BB = S 250 30’W
Q.3 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12
a) Differentiate between WCB & RB
Ans. Whole circle bearing (WCB) Reduced Bearing (RB)
1. The horizontal angle made by a 1.The horizontal angle made by a line
line with the magnetic north in with the magnetic north or south
the clockwise direction is the (whichever is closer from the line)
whole circle bearing of the line. in the eastward or westward
direction is the Quadrantal Bearing
or Reduced Bearing of the line
2. Only the magnetic north line is 2. Both magnetic north and south lines 1 Mark
considered as reference line in are considered as reference line each
whole circle bearing system. in quadrantal bearing system.
3. The clockwise angle from the 3. Both clockwise and anticlockwise (Any
reference line is only taken angle from the reference lines are Four)
taken.
4. The value of the whole circle 4. The value of the reduced bearing
bearing varies from 0° to 360° varies from 0° to 90°
5. Example: 26°, 121°, 245°, 350° 5. Example: N26°E, S59°E, S65°W,
etc. N10°W etc.
6. Fig. 6. Fig.

5|20 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 b) Convert the Following WCB to RB. Give Quadrant of the line.
(i) 600 30’ (ii) 2980 (iii) 1280 30’ (iv) 2690 30’
Ans. i) 60º 30'
RB = WCB 1 Mark
0
R.B. = N 60 30’ E
ii) 298º 00'
RB =3600- WCB 1 Mark
RB =3600- 298º 00'
R.B. = N 620 00’ W
ii) 128º 30'
RB =1800- WCB 1 Mark
RB =1800- 128º 30'
R.B. = S 510 30’ E
iv) 269º 30'
RB = WCB- 1800 1 Mark
RB = 269º 30'- 1800
R.B. = S 890 30’ W
c) State the functions of any four component parts of prismatic compass.
Ans. Component parts of prismatic compass are as follows:
1. Break pin - It is used to stop the oscillations of aluminum ring.
2. Lifting pin – It lifts the magnetic needle when sight vane is folded.
3. Sight vane – It is used to sight/bisect object.
4. Graduated ring / Aluminum ring – It is used to observe the angle OR to show 1 Mark
the graduations each
5. Adjustable Mirror – to bisect the object when it is too high or too low from the
line of collimation. (Any
6. Sun Glasses – Used to bisect the luminous object to reduce strain on eyes. Four)
7. Magnetic needle- To direct magnetic north.
8. Pivot- To support the magnetic needle.
9. Reflecting prism-observer can see the graduation erect and magnified.
10. Metal cover- It is provided over the glass lid and sighting vane when the
compass is not in use to protect the compass from dirt, dust etc.

6|20 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 d) The following bearing were taken in a closed compass traverse survey.
Determine the correct bearing. Find station affected by local attraction.
Line FB BB
AB 48025’ 2300
BC 177045’ 3560
CD 104015’ 284055’
DE 165015’ 345015’
EA 259030’ 790
Ans. All the bearings are observed and difference of their FB and BB are determined
below.
Line Difference Error
AB 181035’ 1035’
BC 178015’ 1045’ 1 Mark
CD 180040’ 0040’
DE 18000’ 000’
EA 180030’ 0030’

The difference between FB and BB of the line DE is exactly equal to 18000’. Hence
station D and E are free from local attraction and bearing observed from D and E are
corrected.

For line EA:

Observed FB of line EA= 259030’ is corrected, as station E is free from local
attraction.
Corrected BB of line EA= 259030’- 1800 = 79030’ ½

But observed BB of line EA 79000’ Mark

Observed BB < Corrected BB
Error is negative and correction is positive
Error = 79000’- 79030’= -0030’
Correction at A=+0030’

For line AB:

Observed FB of line AB= 48025’
Apply correction of +0030’ at A ½

7|20 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 Corrected FB of line AB= 48025’+ 0030’=48055’ Mark
Corrected BB of line AB= 48055’+ 180000’=228055’
Observed BB > Corrected BB
Error is positive and correction is negative
Error = 230000’- 228055’= +1005’
Correction at B= - 1005’

For line BC:

Observed FB of line BC= 177045’
Apply correction of -1005’ at B
Corrected FB of line BC= 177045’- 1005’= 176040’ ½
0 0 0
Corrected BB of line BC= 176 40’+ 180 00’=356 40’ Mark
Observed BB < Corrected BB
Error is negative and correction is positive
Error = 356000’- 356040’= -0040’
Correction at C=+0040’

For line CD:

Observed FB of line CD= 104015’
Apply correction of +0040’ at C
Corrected FB of line CD= 104015’+ 0040’= 104055’ ½
Corrected BB of line CD= 104055’+ 180000’=284055’ Mark

Check:
The observed bearing is also 284055’ which tallies with corrected bearing, since the
station D free from local attraction.
Corrected Remark
Line
Correction FB BB
AB - 1005’ at B 48055’ 228055’ station D and E are free
BC +0040’ at C 176040’ 356040’ from local attraction
1Mark
CD 000’ at D 104055’ 284055’

DE 000’ at E 165015’ 345015’

EA +0030’ at A 259030’ 79030’

8|20 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

Q.4 Attempt any Three of the following: 12
a) Distinguish between closed traverse and open traverse.
Ans. Closed traverse Survey Open traverse Survey
1. In Closed traverse survey the 1. In open traverse survey bearing of
bearing of first line and included all survey lines are measured.
angles are measured.
2. When the finishing point of 2. When starting point of survey
survey coincides with the starting does not coincide with last point
point of the survey, it is known as of the survey, it is known as open
closed traverse. traverse.
3. It is suitable for the survey of 3. It is used for the survey of
boundaries of plots, forests, estate, roads, rivers, coastal line,
etc. railways. etc. 1 Mark

4. Fig. 4. Fig. each

(Any
four)

5.Check: 5. Check:
a) Sum of all internal included a) Length of check line on map =
angles = (2N-4) x 900 Length of check line on ground
b) Sum of all external angles = b) Bearing of check line on map =
(2N + 4) x 900 Bearing of check line on ground

9|20 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 b) Explain the procedure for profile levelling and cross Sectioning
Ans. For Profile levelling:

1 Mark

1) Let PQR be the given centre line.

2) Mark point at 10 m intervals on this line.
3) Level is set up on a firm ground at a suitable point I1.
4) Temporary adjustment of level is done and B.S. is taken on B.M.
5) The RL of collimation (HI) is worked out by adding B.S. to the R.L. of B.M.
The chain is stretched from P toward the point Q.
6) Also, the staff readings are taken at 10 m points, and entered in the I.S column
against the respective changes. 1 Mark

7) Beside these points, the staff readings are taken at the representative points. for
example slope of ground surface changes appreciably.
8) When it is found necessary to shift the instruments on account of the length of
sight exceeding about 100 m or the further points not being possible to be observed
owing to the irregularities of the ground, CP1 is taken at suitable position, and F.S is
taken on it and entered in F.S column.
9) The instrument is then shifted and set up on firm ground at I2 as before.
10) B.S is taken on CP1 and new HI is calculated.

For cross Sectioning:

While profile leveling is in progress, cross-sectional leveling should also be done.
The cross-sections are taken perpendicular to the Centre line of the alignment at 1 Mark
some regular intervals (say 20m, 40m etc). The purpose of cross-sectional leveling
is to know the undulation of the ground surface transverse to the centre of the road.

10 | 2 0 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 The length depends upon the nature of the work. In case of ordinary work, the
length may be 20 or 40 m on each side of the center line. The levels are taken at an
interval of 5 m on each side. Additional readings may be taken if the nature of the
ground surfaces suddenly changes.

1 Mark

c) State and explain the temporary adjustments of a dumpy Level.

Ans. 1. Setting up the level.
a. The level fixed on tripod.
b. The legs of tripod stand are well spread so that the level will remain stable on
tripod.
c. Bring all the three foot screws in the centre of their run so that they can be turned
clockwise or anticlockwise as required, for levelling purpose 1 Mark
d. Adjust the height of the instrument so that the observer can comfortably see
through the telescope and note the readings.
e. Fix two legs of tripod and adjust third leg in such a way that the levelling head
will become as horizontal as possible by eye judgment.
2. Levelling up the level.
a. The base of the tripod is already leveled with the help of cross bubble.
b. To make accurate adjustment of the level, the longitudinal level is adjusted in the
centre of its run, with the help of three foot screws.
c. Make the bubble parallel to the any selected pair of foot screws. Now; turn both 1 Mark
the foot screws either inward or outward with the help of foot screws till the bubble
appears in the center.
d. Turn the telescope through 900 as shown in fig. below and now with the help of
third screw bring the bubble of levelling tube in the center.

11 | 2 0 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 3. Focusing the Eye piece.
a. Hold a sheet of white paper in front of the objective glass 4 to 6 cm away from
objective glass and see through the eye piece.
1 Mark
b. Turn the eye piece inwards or outwards in the socket so that the cross hair on the
diaphragm appears sharp and clear.
4. Focusing the Object glass.
a. Direct the telescope towards any object, say a levelling staff in the field which is
kept at a distance. See through eyepiece whether the staff is visible, distinct or not.
1 Mark
b. If not, then turn the focusing screw till the image is distinct and clear. The cross
hair on the diaphragm should also be seen clearly.
d) Explain Fly levelling and also state its purpose.
Ans. Procedure:
1. Set up the level at a point from where BM is visible and perform temporary
adjustments.
2. Position of the level should be approximately midway between the BS and FS
stations.
3. Rotate the telescope towards the leveling staff on BM, observe and record the
staff readings in the BS columns of the level book.
4. Take a FS on the point towards working site. This point would be change point 2
(CP). Marks
5. Shift the instrument to new position. First reading from the new instrument
position is the BS on change point.
6. Continue the procedure till the readings on the suitable station at working site is
recorded.
7. Return back by shortest route to the B.M and take the last reading on B. M
8. Find the elevations of the points by HI or rise and fall method. Last reading taken

12 | 2 0 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 on B. M should have same R. L of B. M.

1 Mark

Purposes:
1. Carrying of B.M to the required survey site. 1 Mark
2. At the end of survey works for checking the accuracy of survey. (Any
3. To connect the B.M at any intermediate point of the alignment. two)
5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12
a) The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level and 4 m
levelling staff on a continuously sloping ground at a common interval of 30
metre.
3.820 on A, 3.125, 2.350, 1.580, 0.830, 3.500, 2.830,2.010, 1.400, 0.550, 3.650,
2.650, 1.850, 0.965 on B.
The R.L. of A was 500 m, make up a level book page and apply usual checks.
Use rise and fall method.
Ans:
Station BS IS FS Rise Fall RL Remark
A 3.820 500.000 Point A

*
1 3.125 0.695 500.695
2 2.350 0.775 501.470
3 1.580 0.770 502.240 Please
4 3.500 0.830 502.990 CP1 see the
5 2.830 0.670 503.660 markin
6 2.010 0.820 504.480 g
7 1.400 0.610 505.090 scheme
8 3.650 0.550 0.850 505.940 CP2 given
9 2.650 1.000 506.940 at the
10 1.850 0.800 507.740 end of
B 0.965 0.885 508.625 Point B answer
∑ BS = ∑ FS = ∑ Rise = ∑ Fall =
10.970 2.345 8.625 00

Arithmetic check : ∑ BS - ∑ FS = ∑ Rise - ∑ Fall = Last RL – First RL = 8.625

(Marking sckeme: Correct entry of readings - 1 Mark, rise calculation – 2 Marks, RL

calculations - 2 Marks, Arithmetic check – 1 Mark)

b) Determine the gradient of line ‘AB’ if the following readings were taken from
A to B at a 30 m interval. 0.578, 0.933, 1.768, 2.450, 3.005, 0.567, 1.181, 1.888,
3.679, 0.612, 0.705 and 1.810.
13 | 2 0 Winter 2019 22205- BSU
 The instrument was shifted after 5th and 9th reading. The R.L. of first station
was 100 m. Use H.I. method.
Ans: Station Chainage B.S I.S F.S H.I RL Remark
A 00 0.578 100.578 100.000 Point A
1 30 0.933 99.645
2
3
60
90
1.768
2.450
98.810
98.128
* Pl
4 120 0.567 3.005 98.140 97.573 CP1 see the
5 150 1.181 96.959
markin
6 180 1.888 96.252
g
210
scheme
7 0.612 3.679 95.073 94.461 CP2
given
8 240 0.705 94.368
at the
B 270 1.810 93.263 Point B end of
∑ BS = ∑ FS = answer
1.757 8.494

Arithmetic check : ∑ BS - ∑ FS = Last RL – First RL = - 6.737

Vertical distance between A and B = 6.737.
Horizontal distance between A and B = 270
6.737
Gradient between A and B = 270 x100 = 2.495 %
OR
6.737 1 1
Gradient = 270 = 270/6.737 = 40.077 = 1 in 40.077

(Marking scheme: Correct entry of readings -1 Mark, H.I. calculations - 1 M, R.L..

calculations – 2 M, Arithmetic check – 1 M, gradient Calculation – 1 M

c) Draw a contour lines representing different features :

(i)A gentle slope (ii) A hill
(iii)A pond (iv) Overhanging cliff
(v)A valley lines (vi) A ridge lines
Ans:

1 Mark

A gentle slope

14 | 2 0 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 1 Mark

A hill
1 Mark

A pond

1 Mark

Overhanging cliff

1 Mark

A valley lines

15 | 2 0 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 1 Mark

A ridge lines
6. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12
a) Explain the characteristics of contour with suitable sketch.
Ans Characteristics of contour lines are:
:
1. All points on contour lines have the same elevation.

2 Marks
each

(Any
three)

2. Two contours of different elevations can not cross each other except in
overhanging cliff.

16 | 2 0 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 3. (i) When contour lines come close together, then it indicates steep slope.

(ii) If contour lines are equally placed, uniform slope is indicated.

(iii) A series of straight, parallel and equally spaced contours represent a

plane surface.

4. (i) Closed contour lines with higher values inside indicate hill.

(ii) Closed contour lines with lower values inside indicate depression.

17 | 2 0 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 5. (i) Ridge line and contour lines cross each other at right angle. For ridge line
the higher elevation contour are inside the loop or bend.

(ii) Valley line and contour lines cross each other at right angle. Valley line is
indicated by higher elevation contours outside the loop or bends.

6. Contour lines can not end anywhere, but close on themselves either within
or outside the limit of map.

7. Saddle is the area between two hills on a ridge.

18 | 2 0 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 b) Explain the procedure of finding area of irregular figure by polar planimeter. Also
draw sketch of polar planimeter.
Ans Procedure:
: 1. Set the scale on the tracing arm as per manufacturer’s instruction.
2. Select the position of anchor point inside or outside the figure such that tracing
point reaches all positions of figure.
3. Mark the starting point on figure.
4. Place tracing point on starting point.
5. Take initial reading.
6. Move tracing point along the boundary of figure clockwise direction and note
down number of times zero on dial crosses fixed index mark and also direction of
crossing. 3
7. Continue till tracing point reaches starting point. Marks
8. Take final reading.
9. Area of figure is given by relation:
A = M ( FR – IR ± 10 N + C)
Where A = Area
M = Multiplying constant as given by manufacturer
IR = Initial Reading
FR = Final Reading
N = Number of times zero of dial crosses fixed index mark.
C = additive constant to be added only when anchor point is
inside figure.
Use + sign for clockwise and – sign for anticlockwise crossing of zero of dial.

2
Marks
for
figure

1 Mark
for
Labelin
g

19 | 2 0 Winter 2019 22205- BSU

 c) The following reading were taken when area was measured by a polar planimeter,
the tracing arm being set to 100 sq. cm. Determine the area of fig.

Position of
IR FR Anchor Remarks
point
Outside The zero of disc passed fixed index
7.825 3.425
the fig. mark once in clockwise direction
Inside the Index marks passes twice in
1.250 4.370
fig. reverse direction
Ans
: Assumptions – 1) There is single figure traced once anchor point outside and
second time anchor point inside.

When anchor point is outside figure:

IR = 7.825, FR = 3.425, N = 1 (Clockwise)
M = 100 Sq. cm, C = 0
Area A = M (FR – IR ± 10 N + C) 2M
A = 100 (3.425 – 7.825 + 10 x 1 + 0) 2M
= 560 Sq. cm 2M

NOTE- As the first condition (i.e.position of anchor point outside the

fig.) gives the area of figure, there is no need of second condition.

20 | 2 0 Winter 2019 22205- BSU