Muscular System

Chapter 7

Muscular System Notes Part 1: Muscle Anatomy

Questions Notes
  I. The Muscular System
  body movements
• Muscles are responsible for all types of _________________________
  – they contract or shorten and are the machine of the body
  • Three basic muscle types are found in the body
What  are  the   o Skeletal muscle
3  basic  types   o Cardiac muscle
of  muscle   o Smooth muscle
found  in  the  
body?  
II. Function of Muscles
  support
1. ________________ the body
 
2. Allow for ________________
movement by making bones and other body parts
 
move
 
3. Maintain constant ______________________
body temperature
 
  4. Assist in movement of _____________________
cardiovascular veins and ________
lymph
List  the   5. ______________
protect internal organs and _______________
stabilize joints
functions  of  
the  muscular   III. Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle
system.   A. Organization of Skeletal Muscle
 
Sarcomere:
Sarcomere
  units of
Muscle Fascicle:
Fascicle Muscle
  a bundle of myofibrils
belly Fiber:
Fiber responsible for
  muscle fibers muscle cell the striated
  appearance
 
  Myofibrils: Myofilament: Myosin:
Myosin
Myofilament
  structures protein
thick
that make filaments
  filaments that
up a muscle make up a
List  &   Actin:
Actin thin
fiber sarcomere
describe  the   \\\\\ filaments
tissues  
surrounding  
skeletal  
muscle.  
 
 
 
 
Describe  the  
structures  
that  make  up  
B. Coverings of Skeletal Muscle
the  skeletal  
muscle.   • Skeletal muscles are organs
  o They contain muscle fibers, nerves and blood vessels
  o Connective tissue membranes separate each muscle structure
  • ______________
fascia - layer of fibrous tissue that separates muscles from
  each other and from the skin
 
   • Coverings from largest to smallest:
What  and   o _________________
epimysuim – covers
where  are   the entire skeletal muscle
muscle   o _________________
perimysium –
attached?   surrounds a bundle of muscle fibers
  (fascicle)
  o _________________
endomysium –
  surrounds a single muscle fiber
 
 
C. Skeletal Muscle Attachments
 
• Epimysium blends into a connective tissue
 
attachment, the tendon
 
  o Tendon - _________________
cord like structure
  • Sites of muscle attachment
  o Bones, Cartilages, and Connective
  tissue coverings
 
What  is  a   A. Microscopic Anatomy of Muscle __________
fiber
sarolemma?   (muscle cell)
  • Cells are multinucleate
  o Nuclei are just beneath the membrane
What  is  a   • _____________________
sarcolemma – specialized
sarcoplasmic   plasma membrane
reticulum?   sarcoplasmic reticulum
• ___________________________ –
  specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What  are   involved with muscle contraction
myofibrils?   • ________________
myofibril
  o Bundles of myofilaments
What  is  
o Myofibrils are aligned to give distinct
responsible  for  
the    striated   bands
appearance  of   _______ band = I band
§ light
skeletal   § ______
dark band = A band
muscle?   ___________________
• sarcomere
  o Contractile unit of a muscle fiber
What  are  
sarcomeres?   • Organization of the sarcomere:
  o thick myosin
________ filaments = ________ protein
What  are  the   thin actin
o _____ filaments = ___________ protein
names  of  the   o Myosin and actin overlap somewhat in the
filaments  that   sarcomere
make  up  a   • Myosin filaments have heads (extensions) that
sarcomere?  
can ‘grab’ onto actin forming a
 
_______________________
crossbridge
  ________________________________________________________________________________________________
 
  Learning Goals
1) List the 5 functions of the muscular system.
2) Describe the organization of a skeletal muscle from largest structure to
smallest.
3) Describe the sarcomere, including the structure of the two myofilaments.
 Muscular System
Chapter 7

1. support the body, allow for movement, maintain body temperature, assist movement of cardiovascular,and
protect internal organs

2. Actin/myosin, myofilament, myofibrils, sarcomere, muscle fibers, fascicle, and muscle.

3. Contractile unit of a muscle fiber. thick filaments are myosin and thin filaments are actin