Arrays In C#

 An array is a list of items or collection of elements which is of

same or similar data type (homogenous elements).
 An array is a collection of elements of a single data type stored
in adjacent memory locations.
 An array is a collection of related values placed in contiguous
memory locations and these values are referenced using a
common array name.
 An array simplifies the task of maintaining these values
 An array always stores values of a single data type.
 Each value is referred to as an element.
 These elements are accessed using subscripts or index
numbers that determine the position of the element in the
array list.
 C# supports zero-based index values in an array.
 This means that the first array element has an index number
zero while the last element has an index number n-1, where n
stands for the total number of elements in the array.
 This arrangement of storing values helps in efficient storage of
data, easy sorting of data, and easy tracking of the data length.

Declaring Arrays
 Arrays are reference type variables whose creation involves two
steps:
Declaration

 An array declaration specifies the type of data that it can hold

and an identifier.
 This identifier is basically an array name and is used with a
subscript / index to retrieve or set the data value at that
location.
Memory allocation:

 Declaring an array does not allocate memory to the array.

Following is the syntax for declaring an array:

data_type[] arrayName;

In Above syntax:

 data_type: Specifies the data type of the array elements (for

example, int and char).
 arrayName: Specifies the name of the array.

Initializing Arrays

An array can be:

 Created using the new keyword and then initialized.

 Initialized at the time of declaration itself, in which case the new
keyword is not used.
Creating and initializing an array with the new keyword involves
specifying the size of an array.

The number of elements stored in an array depends upon the

specified size.

The new keyword allocates memory to the array and values can
then be assigned to the array.

If the elements are not explicitly assigned, default values are

stored in the array.

The following table lists the default values for some of the
widely used data types:

DATA TYPES DEFAULT VALUES

int 0

float 0.0

double 0.0

char '\0'

string Null

The following syntax is used to create an array:

type[] arrayName = new type[size-value];

In Above Syntax,
 size-value: Specifies the number of elements in the array. You
can specify a variable of type int that stores the size of the array
instead of directly specifying a value.

The following code creates an integer array which can have

a maximum of five elements in it:

public int[] number = new int[5];

number[0] = 11;
number[1] = 22;
number[2] = 33;
number[3] = 44;
number[4] = 55;

The following syntax is used to create and initialize an array

without using the new keyword:

type[] arrayIdentifier = {val1, val2, val3, ..., valN};

In Above Syntax,

 val1: It is the value of the first element.

 valN: It is the value of the nth element.

Example:

public string[] studNames = new string{“Allan”, “Wilson”, “James”, “Arnold”};

Using The Foreach Loop For Arrays

The foreach loop:

 In C# is an extension of the for loop.

 Is used to perform specific actions on large data collections and
can even be used on arrays.
 Reads every element in the specified array.
 Allows you to execute a block of code for each element in the
array.
 Is particularly useful for reference types, such as strings.

Source Code - Example 1

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ArraysDemo

class Program

static void Main(string[] args)

//string[] myArray = { "Adil", "Zubia", "Sameed", "Ammad" };

//Console.WriteLine(myArray.Length);

//for (int i = 0; i < myArray.Length; i++)

//{

// Console.WriteLine(myArray[i]);

//}
 //foreach (string name in myArray)

//{

// Console.WriteLine(name);

//}

//Console.WriteLine("Foreach Loop Ends..");

//int[] myArray = new int[] { 10,20,30,40 };

//int[] myArray = new int[4];

//myArray[0] = 10;

//myArray[1] = 20;

//myArray[2] = 30;

//myArray[3] = 40;

//Console.WriteLine(myArray[0]);

//Console.WriteLine(myArray[1]);

//Console.WriteLine(myArray[2]);

//Console.WriteLine(myArray[3]);

Console.ReadLine();

}
Source Code - Example 2

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Arrays_Demo

class Program

static void Main(string[] args)

Console.WriteLine("How many names you want to store ??");

int size = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); // 5

string[] names = new string[size];

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)

Console.WriteLine("Enter Data: ");

string name = Console.ReadLine();

names[i] = name;
 }

Console.WriteLine("----------------");

foreach (string name in names)

Console.WriteLine(name);

//string[] names = new string[] {"Adil","Ali","Anas","Amir" };

//string[] names = {"Adil", "Zubia", "Anum", "Farah","Abdul

Rehman","Sameed","Ammad" };

//foreach(string i in names)

//{

// Console.WriteLine(i);

//}

//Console.WriteLine("Foreach loop terminates..");

//for(int i = 0; i < names.Length; i++)

//{

// Console.WriteLine(names[i]);

//}

// 2 types of arrays
// single dimensional array

// multi dimensional array

//string[] names = new string[3];

//names[0] = "Abdul Rehman";

//names[1] = "Zubia";

//names[2] = "Saad";

//Console.WriteLine(names[0]);

//Console.WriteLine(names[1]);

//Console.WriteLine(names[2]);

// 4 types of loops

// for loop

// while loop

// do while loop

// foreach loop - arrays

//int[] nums = new int[3];

//nums[0] = 11;

//nums[1] = 22;

//nums[2] = 33;

//nums[3] = 44;
 //Console.WriteLine(nums[2]);

//comment - ctrl + k, ctrl + c

//uncomment - ctrl + k, ctrl + u

Console.ReadLine();