Module 4

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Lapinid, Christlynn C.

BSEE 1A

Mr. Bernie C. Palacio

CHAPTER 4

EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

Pre - activity

Super Typhoon Haiyan, also known as Super Typhoon Yolanda, made landfall in the
Philippines on Nov. 8, 2013, as a Category 5 storm. It laid waste to the Visayas group of islands,
the country’s central region and home to 17 million people. Haiyan was the most powerful storm
in 2013 and one of the most powerful typhoons of all time.With wind speeds sustained at more
than 150 mph, Haiyan was classified as a super typhoon. However, its massive storm surge was
even more destructive. Local officials estimated that Tacloban City on the island of Leyte was
90% destroyed.The typhoon’s fury affected more than 14 million people across 44 provinces,
displacing 4.1 million people, killing more than 6,000 people and leaving 1,800 missing. In
addition, Typhoon Haiyan damaged 1.1 million houses, destroyed 33 million coconut trees (a
major source of livelihoods), and disrupted the livelihoods of 5.9 million workers. Overall
damage is estimated at $5.8 billion.

Analysis

Being prepared can reduce fear, anxiety, and losses that accompany disasters.
Communities, families, and individuals should know what to do in the event of a fire and where
to seek shelter during a powerful storm. They should be ready to evacuate their homes and take
refuge in public shelters and know how to care for their basic medical needs.People also can
reduce the impact of disasters (flood proofing, elevating a home or moving a home out of harm’s
way, and securing items that could shake loose in an earthquake) and sometimes avoid the
danger completely.

Activity
Group Activity –

Safety Measures for the “BIG ONE”


Before During After

Create an earthquake plan Consider where you are Expect aftershocks to follow
the main shock of an
Having an earthquake If you've been practicing your
earthquake. Be ready to Drop,
preparedness plan and safety earthquake preparedness plan,
Cover, and Hold On if you
guide in place is one of the you should have designated
feel an aftershock.
best things you can do to places to go if an earthquake
ensure your family is occurs.
protected if seismic activity
occurs.

Talking about earthquakes Inside a crowded building. If you are in a damaged


with your family. Fear of the Avoid rushing for the building, go outside and
unknown can cause people of doorways, as others may do so quickly move away from the
any age to freeze or run, as well. Instead, take cover building. Do not enter
which can be dangerous away from display shelves, damaged buildings.
during an earthquake. Discuss windows and falling objects,
what an earthquake is and using something to protect
what to do if there is one -- your head and neck from
and if you have children, debris.
answer any questions they
may have to help them prepare
for the possibility of an
earthquake.

Creating an emergency kit. Outside. Move away from If you are trapped, send a text
Make an emergency kit for potential hazards such as or bang on a pipe or wall.
your family (think about your utility wires, buildings, trees Cover your mouth with your
pets, too) and put it in a and telephone poles. Stick shirt for protection and instead
location that everyone can with an open area and get
access. If you have to leave, down low, covering your head of shouting, use a whistle.
you can quickly grab the kit and neck, until the earthquake
on your way out the door. passes.

Asking about earthquake A moving vehicle. Move the If you are in an area that may
emergency plans. Find out car to a curb or shoulder, experience tsunamis, go inland
what the plan is for an trying to avoid potential or to higher ground
earthquake at your work and hazards, including overpasses, immediately after the shaking
your child's daycare or school. bridges and overhead wires. stops. Avoid contact with
These plans can be used to Remain in the car and pull the floodwaters as they can
help your children with parking brake. When the contain chemicals, sewage,
evacuation and procedures in shaking has stopped, travel and debris.
the event of an earthquake -- slowly and be aware of
and can help families connect pavement cracks, downed
more quickly after a disaster poles or wires and collapsed
occurs. bridges or overpasses. If it's
not safe to leave the car,
remain there until help arrives.

Mapping out your home plan. Near the ocean. Walk, don't Check yourself to see if you
Pick a safe place in each room drive, away from the water, are hurt and help others if you
of your home for family being mindful of debris and have training. Learn how to be
members to use if an potential hazards. If you the help until help arrives.
earthquake occurs, such as experience a severe
against interior walls with earthquake, try to get 100 feet
nothing heavy nearby and above sea level or two miles
away from windows, or under inland in case of a tsunami
a piece of sturdy furniture.

Practicing the plan. Now that Seated, unable to move to the Be careful when cleaning up.
you have a plan in place at ground. If you are seated, Wear protective clothing,
home, school and work, either at an event or in a including a long-sleeved shirt,
practice it. Have your children wheelchair, lock your wheels long pants, work gloves and
and other family members go if needed and remain seated. If sturdy thick-soled shoes. Do
to a designated spot and drop, you cannot shelter under a not try to remove heavy debris
take cover and hold on sturdy piece of furniture, use by yourself. Wear a mask and
whatever is near to protect maintain a physical distance of
your head and neck from at least six feet while working
falling objects. with someone else. Use an
appropriate mask if cleaning
mold or other debris. People
with asthma and other lung
conditions and/or immune
suppression should not enter
buildings with indoor water
leaks or mold growth that can
be seen or smelled. Children
should not take part in disaster
cleanup work.

Protect your home In a high-rise building. Avoid Use text messages to


windows, inside walls and communicate, which may be
People aren't the only ones at
standing or sheltering near more reliable than phone calls.
risk during an earthquake;
heavy objects and glass. Do
homes can also be seriously
not leave the building or use
damaged. By strategically
the elevators in case the
placing items and using safety
electricity goes out. Remain
equipment to secure items
calm if you are trapped. Bang
before a disaster, you can
on nearby metal or other hard
minimize the damage to your
structural pieces or objects to
home and reduce the risk of
get rescuers' attention.
injury to your family.

Individual Activity
At least five people died and 130 others were injured after a powerful earthquake struck the
northern Philippines on Wednesday, according to authorities in the Southeast Asian country.
The 7.0-magnitude quake hit northern Luzon, the country’s most populous island, at 8:43 a.m.
local time (8:43 p.m. ET), according to the US Geological Survey (USGS). The agency
originally designated the quake 7.1-magnitude, before downgrading it to 7.0.
Its epicenter was about 13 kilometers (8 miles) southeast of the small town of Dolores, Abra
province, with a depth of 10 kilometers (6.2 miles), according to USGS. Its impact was felt in the
capital, Manila, more than 400 kilometers (about 250 miles) away.

A strong earthquake struck the southern Philippine island of Mindanao on Thursday, killing at
least five people and rattling an area still unsettled from a quake that killed at several people two
days before.
The earthquake on Thursday, which the United States Geological Survey measured at magnitude
6.5, struck about 25 miles southwest of the city of Davao, a regional capital of 1.6 million
people.
A village elder was killed in Batasan when the village hall collapsed on him and he was trapped,
said Emmylou Taliño-Mendoza, the governor of Cotabato Province.
Elsewhere in the province, at least four other people were killed, according to the governor,
including a 7-year-old child who was crushed by falling debris and two adults buried in a
landslide.

At least 20 people have been killed in an earthquake measuring magnitude 7.2 in central
Philippines.
According to the US Geological Survey, the quake was recorded at a depth of about 56 km (35
miles) on Bohol Island, about 400 km southeast of capital Manila. Most of the casualties were
recorded on the Bohol Island, but at least two people were killed in nearby Cebu. No tsunami
warnings were issued by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre following the earthquake that hit
the region in the night. Several buildings, markets and churches collapsed in Bohol, a popular
tourist destination.

Assessment
1. It refers to the vibration of the ground during an earthquake. It is caused by body waves and
surfaces waves. The shifting and movement of the subterranean rocks result in ground
shaking.

2. A tsunami can appear in a number of ways. Whether inundation or drawback occur first is
determined by how the tsunami is generated. Magnitude 8 earthquakes cause uplift of the sea
floor and then subsidence (down) of the seafloor. Subsidence causes drawback and uplift will
cause inundation.

3. Liquefaction is the destabilization of sand or soil when groundwater (water underground) is


forced out from between grains during the shaking of a moderate or strong earthquake. If
liquefaction occurs under a building, it may start to lean, tip over, or sink several feet. The
ground firms up again after the shaking has stopped. Liquefaction is a hazard in areas that have
groundwater near the surface and sandy soil.

SOURCES:

- Deschutes County Sheriff's Office Oregon

- SEISMIC RESILIENCE

-Brainly

- Michigan Tech

- CNET

- Ready.gov
- CNN World
- International Business Time

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