Fire Fighting Car With Arduino

AIM
With the development in the field of robotics, human intrusion has become less and robots are
being widely used for safety purpose. In our day-to-day life, fire accidents have become
common and sometimes may lead to hazards that make it hard for the firemen to protect
human life.
So, the aim of our model, Fire Fighting Mech, is to operate the model from remote location to
guard human lives, wealth, and surroundings from the fire accidents.
What is Fire Fighting Mech?

Firefighting Mech is designed and built with an embedded system. It is capable of navigating
alone on a modeled floor while actively scanning the flames of fire. The robot could be used as
a path guide in a fireplace device or, in normal case, as an emergency device. This robot is
designed in such a way that it searches a fire, overcomes the various obstacles in it’s way and
takes immediate action before the fire could spread out of range.
THE COMPONENTS:
Components of the Car and drone along with their working

principles:
Arduino UNO R3(Master) : Arduino UNO is an open source

microcontroller board based on Microchip ATmega328P(2KB
SRAM, 32KB FLASH, 1KB EEPROM). It has 14 digital input/output
pins( 6 can be used as Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) outputs), 6
analog input/output pins, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB
connection(USB-B type), a power jack, an ICSP(In-Circuit Serial Programming) header using Arduino ISP,
a reset button and is programmable with Arduino IDE(Integrated Development Environment). It
provides UART TTL(5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0(RX) and 1(TX).
Arduino NANO R3(Slave) : Arduino NANO is a small, bread-board

friendly board based on the ATmega328P.It is equipped with 30
male input/output headers, in a DIP-30 like configuration, which can
be programmed using Arduino Software(IDE). The board can be
powered through a type B mini USB cable or from a 9V battery. It
offers the same connectivity and specs of the Arduino UNO board in
a smaller form factor.
Servo Motor : Servo Motor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator

that allows for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity
and acceleration.
Motor Driver Shield : The L293D is a dual channel H-Bridge motor driver shield that can control two DC
motors or a single stepper motor.
DC Motor : A DC Motor is a type of electric motor that converts DC electrical power to mechanical
power i.e. a DC supply is converted to rotation or movement. It has mainly two major parts as : Stator –
Static part of the motor and Rotor – Rotating part of the motor.
Flame Sensor : A sensor which is most sensitive to a normal light is known as a flame sensor. A
flame-sensor is one kind of detector which is mainly designed for detecting as well as
responding to the occurrence of a fire or flame. This sensor uses the infrared flame flash
method, which allows the sensor to work through a coating of oil, dust, water vapor, otherwise
ice. Flame sensors use UV (Ultraviolet) or IR (Infra-Red) or UV-IR technology to identify flames
below a second.
Ultrasonic sensor : The ultrasonic sensor works on the principle of SONAR and RADAR system which is
used to determine the distance to an object. An ultrasonic sensor measures the distance of a target
object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal.
HC-SR04 has an ultrasonic transmitter, receiver and control circuit. In the ultrasonic module HCSR04, we
have to give trigger pulse, so that it will generate ultrasound of frequency 40 kHz.
Bluetooth Module(Master) : HC-05 is a Bluetooth module which is designed for wireless

communication and can be used in a master or slave configuration. It has range up to <100m
which depends upon transmitter and receiver, atmosphere, geographic & urban conditions. It
can build wireless Personal Area Network (PAN). HC-05 module has two modes : Data mode and
Command mode. HC-05 has red LED which indicates connection status, whether the Bluetooth is
connected or not. Before connecting to HC-05 module this red LED blinks continuously in a
periodic manner. When it gets connected to any other Bluetooth device, its blinking slows
down to two seconds.
Camera Module : The ESP32-CAM is a very small camera module with the ESP32-S chip. Besides
the OV2640 camera, and several GPIOs to connect peripherals, it also features a microSD card
slot that can be useful to store images taken with the camera or to store files to serve to clients.
Flight Controller : MPU9250 is a multi-purpose sensor that is based on the Micro Electro Mechanical
Systems architecture (MEMS). The MPU9250 is a 9 DOF real-time motion tracking device. It contains a
3D Gyroscope, 3D magnetometer, and 3D accelerometer.
OLED Display : OLED is Organic Light Emitting Diode that emits light in response to an electric
current. OLED display works with no backlight so it can display deep black levels. It has 128
columns and 64 rows which make it display of total 128x64 = 8192 pixels. OLED displays driven by
SSD1306 driver IC, is a CMOS OLED driver with controller for OLED dot-matrix graphic display system.
RGB LED Module : RGB LED modules can emit various colors of light. They are manufactured by
packaging three LEDs of red, green, and blue into a transparent or semitransparent plastic shell
and have four pins.
Temperature & Humidity Sensor : DHT11 is a single wire digital humidity and temperature sensor
which provides humidity and temperature values serially with one-wire protocol. DHT11 sensor
provides relative humidity value in percentage (20 to 90% RH) and temperature values in
degree Celsius (0 to 50 °C).
Gas Sensor : This is a simple-to-use MQ-6 Liquefied Petroleum, iso-butane, propane gas Sensor
module, suitable for sensing LPG (composed of mostly propane and butane) concentrations in
the air. . Red LED indicates the high output from the sensor. The sensor’s output is an analog
resistance. The Gas sensor has a sensing element, a base and a cap. The sensing element has
a sensing material (Usually a Semiconductor) and a heater to heat up the sensing material
Submersible Water Pump : Submersible pumps are useful for controlling water flow. Paired with
an Arduino microcontroller, these pumps can automate the flow distribution process, which
can be useful for applications such as aquariums, fountains, and systems for irrigation, refilling
and aeration.
DRONES:
How are they safe?
Drones give coordinators on the ground a holistic view of fires across regions. Teams can
view blazes from multiple vantage points and find new fires before they spread. Drones
are also used to locate missing people and firefighting teams during wildfire response
operations.
Wildfires can spread rapidly, but drones can get ahead of the wind currents to inform
firefighting Mech and save lives. They capture photos or video to aid arson
investigations, and when used with topography and mapping software, drones help
investigators determine the cause of fires. And this can all be done remotely without
additional risk to drone operators or firefighting teams.
Future
The future of firefighting robots is very promising. In the coming years, it is expected that
robots will become increasingly autonomous. Additionally, robots could be used to search and
rescue victims, detect hazardous materials, and monitor situations remotely. There is also
potential for robots to be equipped with thermal cameras, allowing them to detect hot spots
and better direct firefighters on the ground. Furthermore, the development of artificial
intelligence and machine learning could allow robots to make decisions and coordinate with
each other in more sophisticated ways. Finally, it is likely that robots will be used in more
applications to assist firefighters, such as providing medical aid and helping to contain fires.
The firefighting robot is a promising new technology that has the potential to revolutionize the
way fire fighters operate. It is capable of navigating through a burning building and locating the
source of the fire and extinguishing it quickly and accurately. Its main advantage is that it can be
used in hazardous environments where it would be too dangerous for humans to enter.
Sound wave extinguisher

This idea has been considered for many years, but no one has managed to create a
portable sound wave extinguisher until now. Using only low-frequency sound waves to
extinguish the flames, this way of smothering the flames doesn’t leave any mess
behind, like normal fire extinguishers. Sound wave extinguishers can only work with
smaller fires, as use of them with a larger fire may reignite already hot surfaces.
Water mist system

Instead of relying on standard sprinklers, water mist systems are considered to be the
future of fire safety. Sprinklers work by expelling large water droplets onto the fire, which
uses a lot of water. Water mist systems work by spraying a thin veil of mist over the fire,
creating a larger surface area of water and suffocating the fire by lowering the
temperature. This also significantly reduces the amount of water damage in a building
after a fire, especially to buildings containing expensive equipment.
Smart fire detectors

Smart fire detectors will detect where and when a fire begins and direct the appropriate
responders immediately. You can even connect this technology to your phone, so you’ll get
alerted as soon as there is an issue.

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AIM

What is Fire Fighting Mech?

Components of the Car and drone along with their working

Arduino UNO R3(Master) : Arduino UNO is an open source

Arduino NANO R3(Slave) : Arduino NANO is a small, bread-board

Servo Motor : Servo Motor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator

Bluetooth Module(Master) : HC-05 is a Bluetooth module which is designed for wireless

Sound wave extinguisher

Water mist system

Smart fire detectors

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