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Problems-Part II

This document contains a problem set on force, torque, and strain measurements from an instrumentation course. It includes 11 review questions covering topics like corrections for specific gravity, elastic elements, proving rings, dynamometers, stress and strain, Poisson's ratio, and strain gauges. It also provides 10 sample problems calculating things like percent errors due to density, angular sensitivity, stresses and strains using rosettes, force ranges for strain gauges, stresses and strains from given measurements, deflections and strains for a hollow cylinder as a torque sensor, and percent errors from buoyancy forces. The problem set provides instructors and students material to practice skills in measuring and analyzing forces, torques, and strains.

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Aisha Abuzgaia
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125 views3 pages

Problems-Part II

This document contains a problem set on force, torque, and strain measurements from an instrumentation course. It includes 11 review questions covering topics like corrections for specific gravity, elastic elements, proving rings, dynamometers, stress and strain, Poisson's ratio, and strain gauges. It also provides 10 sample problems calculating things like percent errors due to density, angular sensitivity, stresses and strains using rosettes, force ranges for strain gauges, stresses and strains from given measurements, deflections and strains for a hollow cylinder as a torque sensor, and percent errors from buoyancy forces. The problem set provides instructors and students material to practice skills in measuring and analyzing forces, torques, and strains.

Uploaded by

Aisha Abuzgaia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME318: Measurement and Instrumentation.

Part II: Force, Torque, and Strain Measurements – Problem set

Force, Torque, and Strain


Measurements
Review Questions
1. Why must a correction be applied for the specific gravity of a sample when a mass balance is
used?
2. How are elastic elements used for force or torque measurements?
3. What is a proving ring?
4. What is a Prony brake?
5. What does a dynamometer measure?
6. Distinguish between stress and strain.
7. What is Poisson’s ratio?
8. What is deformation sensitivity?
9. What is strain sensitivity?
10. Define the gage factor for strain gages.
11. How are measurements performed with a resistance strain gage?
12. How may temperature compensation be performed on resistance strain gages?
13. What is meant by a strain-gage rosette? How is it used?

Problems
1. Many balances use brass weights (𝜌𝑠 =8490 kg/m3) in atmospheric air (ρa = 1.2
kg/m3). Plot the percent error in the balance determination as a function
of 𝜌𝑢/𝜌𝑠.

2. Using the conditions given in Example.1, calculate the angular sensitivity


required if the uncertainty in the weight determination is to be of the order of 1
part in 108 .
Answer:
S=436 rad/g

3. A proving ring is constructed of steel (E = 30 × 106 psi) having a cross section


with 0.250-in thickness and 1.00-in depth. The overall diameter of the ring is
6.000 in. A micrometer is used for the deflection measurement, and its
uncertainty is ±0.0001 in. Assuming that the dimensions of the ring are exact,
calculate the applied load when the uncertainty in this load is 1.0 percent.
Calculate the percent uncertainty in the load when y = 0.01 in and the
uncertainties in the dimensions are

where b and h are thickness and depth of the ring, respectively.


𝑾𝑭
Answer = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟏%
𝑭

page 1 Instructor Dr. Neffati M. Werfalli –Fall 2015


ME318: Measurement and Instrumentation. Part II: Force, Torque, and Strain Measurements – Problem set

4. A delta rosette is placed on a steel plate and indicates the following strains:

Calculate the principal strains and stresses, the maximum shear stress, and the
orientation angle for the principal axes.
Answer:

𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 11,580 𝑀𝑝𝑎, 𝜎𝑚𝑖𝑛 = −5120 𝑀𝑝𝑎, 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 8350 𝑀𝑝𝑎, 𝜃 = 164.55𝑜

5. Suppose a rectangular rosette is used to measure the same stresses as in Prob.


4. The bottom leg of this rosette is placed in the same location as the bottom
arm of the delta rosette. Calculate the strains that would be indicated by the
rectangular rosette under these conditions.
Answer:
𝜖1 = 400 𝜇𝑚/𝑚
𝜖2 = −112.5 𝜇𝑚/𝑚
𝜖3 = −241.5 𝜇𝑚/𝑚

6. Calculate the percent uncertainty in the maximum and minimum stresses


resulting from uncertainties of 2 percent in the strains as measured with a
rectangular rosette. For this calculation assume E and μ are known exactly.

7. Rework Prob. 6 for the delta rosette.

8. A strip of steel sheet, 1.6 × 50 × 500 mm, is available for use as a force
measuring elastic element. The strip is to be used by cementing strain gages to
its flat surfaces and measuring the deformation under load. The strain gages
have a maximum strain of 2000 μm/m and a gage factor of 1.90. A battery is
available with a voltage of 4.0 V, and the readout voltmeter has a high
impedance and an accuracy of ±1 μV. The nominal resistance of the strain
gages is 120 Calculate the force range for which the measurement system may
be applicable.
Answer:
Fmax=31,200 N, lower limit depends on accuracy.

9. An electrical-resistance strain gage records a strain of 400 μm/m on a steel


tension member. What is the axial stress?
Answer:
σa = 1.16 × 104 psi

10. A hollow steel cylinder is used as a torque-sensing element. The dimensions


are: ri = 2.5 cm, ro = 3.2 cm, L = 15 cm. Calculate the angular deflection for an
applied moment of 22.6 N · m. Calculate the strain that would be indicated by
gages attached as shown.
page 2 Instructor Dr. Neffati M. Werfalli –Fall 2015
ME318: Measurement and Instrumentation. Part II: Force, Torque, and Strain Measurements – Problem set

Answer:
𝜖45 = 4.412 𝜇𝑚⁄𝑚

11. Calculate the percent error caused by buoyancy forces in a balance which uses standard brass
weights to weigh 150 g of a material having a density of 100 kg/m3. The surrounding air is at
25◦C and 100 kPa.

Answer: 1.562 % high

page 3 Instructor Dr. Neffati M. Werfalli –Fall 2015

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