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Problems-Part I

This document contains a problem set for an experimental data analysis course. It includes 14 review questions covering topics like the differences between errors and uncertainties, types of errors, definitions of terms like standard deviation and regression analysis. It also includes 8 practice problems applying these concepts, such as calculating uncertainties and standard deviations for experimental measurements and determining the number of readings within certain confidence intervals.

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Aisha Abuzgaia
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
86 views

Problems-Part I

This document contains a problem set for an experimental data analysis course. It includes 14 review questions covering topics like the differences between errors and uncertainties, types of errors, definitions of terms like standard deviation and regression analysis. It also includes 8 practice problems applying these concepts, such as calculating uncertainties and standard deviations for experimental measurements and determining the number of readings within certain confidence intervals.

Uploaded by

Aisha Abuzgaia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME318: Measurement and Instrumentation.

Part I: Analysis of Experimental Data –Problem set

(ME318-Fall 2015)

Analysis of Experimental Data


Review Questions
1. How does an error differ from an uncertainty?
2. What is a fixed error; random error?
3. Define standard deviation.
4. In the normal error distribution, what does P(x) represent?
5. What is meant by measure of precision?
6. What is Chauvenet’s criterion and how is it applied?
7. What are some purposes of uncertainty analyses?
8. How can an uncertainty analysis help to reduce overall experimental
uncertainty?
9. What is meant by standard deviation of the mean?
10. What is a least-squares analysis?
11. What is meant by a regression analysis?
12. What is meant by level of significance; level of confidence?
13. How can statistical analysis be used to estimate experimental uncertainty?
14. How can statistical analysis be used to determine the number of measurements
needed for a required level of confidence?

Problems:
1. The resistance of a resistor is measured 10 times, and the values determined are
100.0, 100.9, 99.3, 99.9, 100.1, 100.2, 99.9, 100.1, 100.0, and 100.5. Calculate
the uncertainty in the resistance.
Answer:
𝜎 0.414
𝜎𝑚 = = = 0.131
√𝑛 √10
𝑥𝑚 = 100 ± 0.131(2.15 𝑡𝑜 1)
= 100 ± 0.262(21 𝑡𝑜 1)
= 100 ± 0.393(356 𝑡𝑜 1)

2. A certain resistor draws 110.2 V and 5.3 A. The uncertainties in the


measurements are ±0.2 V and ±0.06 A, respectively. Calculate the power
dissipated in the resistor and the uncertainty in the power. Notice that
Answer: Wp=6.7 watts

Instructor Dr. Neffati M. Werfalli –Fall 2015 Page 1


ME318: Measurement and Instrumentation. Part I: Analysis of Experimental Data –Problem set

3. A certain length measurement is made with the following results:

Calculate the standard deviation, the mean reading, and the uncertainty. Apply
Chauvenet’s criterion as needed.

4. Two resistors R1 and R2 are connected in series and parallel. The values of the
resistances are

Calculate the uncertainty in the combined resistance for both the series and the
parallel arrangements.

Answer:
In parallel

𝑊𝑅𝑇 = √{[(1)(0.1)]2 + [(1)(0.03)]2 } = 0.1044 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠

In series

2 2
2500 10,000
𝑊𝑅𝑇 = √{[ (0.01)] + [ (0.03)] } = 0.01338 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
22500 22500

5. A certain length measurement is performed 100 times. The arithmetic mean


reading is 6.823 ft, and the standard deviation is 0.01 ft. How many readings
fall within (a) ±0.005 ft, (b) ±0.02 ft, (c) ±0.05 ft, and (d) ±0.001 ft of the
mean value?

Answer:
𝑛 = 100, 𝑥𝑚 = 6.826 ft, σ = 0.01 ft
𝑎) ± 0.005 ft = ±σ
1
𝑃 ( ) = 2 × 0.19146 = 0.38292
2
≈ 39 out of 100 readings

Instructor Dr. Neffati M. Werfalli –Fall 2015 Page 2


ME318: Measurement and Instrumentation. Part I: Analysis of Experimental Data –Problem set

6. The following data are expected to follow a linear relation of the form 𝑦 =
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. Obtain the best linear relation in accordance with a least-squares
analysis. Calculate the standard deviation of the data from the predicted straight-
line relation:

7. In a student laboratory experiment a measurement is made of a certain


resistance by different students. The values obtained were:

Calculate the standard deviation, the mean reading, and the uncertainty.

8. A radar speed-measurement device for state police is said to have an


uncertainty of ±4 percent when directed straight at an oncoming vehicle. When
directed at some angle θ from the straight-on position, the device measures a
component of the vehicle speed. The police officer can only obtain a value for
the angle ˜θ through a visual observation having an uncertainty of ±10◦.
Calculate the uncertainty of the speed measurement for θ values of 0, 10, 20,
30, and 45◦.
Answer:
𝑉𝑎 = 𝑉𝑚 cos(𝜃) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑉𝑎 = 𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑚 =
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠
𝑊𝑉𝑎
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜃 = 10𝑜 , = 0.0505
𝑉𝑎

Instructor Dr. Neffati M. Werfalli –Fall 2015 Page 3

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