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OOP Notes

The document provides an introduction to classes in C++. It defines a class as consisting of both data and methods that define properties and behavior of a set of entities. An object is an instance of a class. The document discusses class declaration syntax, access specifiers like public and private, creating objects, member functions, and provides examples of a simple class with data members and methods. It also presents an exercise to write a class to calculate the area of a rectangle by taking length and width as inputs and displaying the output.

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Saim Chaudhary
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211 views14 pages

OOP Notes

The document provides an introduction to classes in C++. It defines a class as consisting of both data and methods that define properties and behavior of a set of entities. An object is an instance of a class. The document discusses class declaration syntax, access specifiers like public and private, creating objects, member functions, and provides examples of a simple class with data members and methods. It also presents an exercise to write a class to calculate the area of a rectangle by taking length and width as inputs and displaying the output.

Uploaded by

Saim Chaudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object-Oriented Programming

Lecture 5A – Introduction to Classes

Ubaid Ur Rehman
[email protected]
Outline
™  Classes

™  Objects
Classes and Objects
™  The class is the cornerstone of C++
™  It gives the C++ its identity from C
™  It makes possible encapsulation, data hiding and
inheritance

™  Class:
™  Consists of both data and methods
™  Defines properties and behavior of a set of entities

™  Object:
™  An instance of a class
™  A variable identified by a unique name
Declaring a Class
Header class Rectangle
class class_name {
{ private:
permission_label: int width;
member;
Body
int length;
permission_label:
public:
member;
void set(int w, int l);
...
int area();
};
};
Class: Access Specifiers
™  Information hiding
™  To prevent the internal representation from direct
access from outside the class
™  Access Specifiers
™  public: May be accessible from anywhere within a
program
™  private: May be accessed only by the member
functions, and friends of this class, not open for
nonmember functions
™  protected: Acts as public for derived classes (virtual).
While, behaves as private for the rest of the program
Class: Access Specifiers
™  Within the body, the keywords private: and public:
specify the access-level of the members of the class.
™  the default is private.
Creating Objects
class Rectangle
Rectangle r1;
{ Rectangle r2;
private: Rectangle r3;
int width;

……
int length;
public:
void set(int w, int l);
int area(); int a;
}
Class: Member Functions
™  Member functions are functions that are included
within a class.
™  Also called methods
class rectangle
{
private: No need for other classes to access
and retrieve its value directly. The
int width; class methods are responsible for
int length; that only.
public: They are accessible from outside
void set(int w, int l) the class, and they can access the
{ cout<<l*w; } members width and length.
};
Example
// This program declare a class void out()
with one integer data member and {
two member functions
cout<<"The value of n= "<<n;
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; }
class Test };
{ int main()
private: {
int n; Test obj;
public:
obj.in();
void in()
obj.out();
{
cout<<"Enter a number "; }
cin>>n;
}
Example: Output

Enter a number 10
The value of n= 10
Exercise
// Book with three members cout<< "Pages: "<<Pages<<endl;
#include <iostream> cout<< "Price: "<<Price<<endl; }
using namespace std; void set(int id, int pg, float pr)
class Book { { BookID = id;
private: Pages = pg;
int BookID, Pages; Price = pr; }
float Price; int getPrice()
public: { return Price; }};
void get() int main(){ Book b1, b2;
{ cout<< "Enter Book ID: "; b1.get();
cin>>BookID; b2.set(2, 320, 150.7);
cout<< "Enter Pages: "; cout<< "\n The detail of most
cin>>Pages; costly book is as follows: "<<endl;
cout<< "Enter Price: "; if(b1.getPrice()>b2.getPrice())
cin>>Price; } b1.show();
void show() else
{ cout<< "Book ID: b2.show();
"<<BookID<<endl; return 0; }
Exercise: Output

Enter Book ID: 1


Enter Pages: 250
Enter Price: 125.50

The detail of most costly book is as follows:


Book ID: 2
Pages: 320
Price: 150.7
Class Exercise
™  Write a program using objects/classes that
calculates the area of a rectangle and displays it on
the screen. HINT: area = length * width.
Class Exercise Solution
#include <iostream> int main()
using namespace std; {
class rect_area
rect_area a;
{
private:
int area; a.get_area(5, 3);

public:
a.show_area();
void get_area(int l, int w)
{ return 0;
area = l * w; }
}
void show_area()
{ Output:
cout << "Area of rect. is " << Area of rect. is 15
area<<endl;
}
};

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