Expt. No, AIM Of THE acTiwity io make _o paper scale o}_given_leatt count ie 02cm. 0.5cm | Fa ee eee [2 -Scale_with_shasp_ecige marked inom x mma SCS~=*d 31 A_evical 4! A pair o} scissors 5 | A paper cutter «| Pencil {Thick _ivouy bel—uucl_by enginesting students i THEORY feast Count “The minimum observattan that can he meniuted by an -—lnstument _iaccuratily kcal. the. leat count ol inttremen +— Range of an_ instrument The maximum —obseivation lin called it’s Lange thal__can he—measured by instiument_| PROCEDURE a | A.| Paper scalp ol loott count 0.2 cm 11A while paper shoot in the middle was pled along its yih__( length wise) 2| The tupper—hal_alang the length _ a_tine Pq 15 cm long war marked by a _shatp pencil 31 P a ei0_mark point on ?@ at a ditance of, to cm wor taken and written as 0,1 9 uplo Ls. Teacher's SignatureDie — Expt. No. PagelNo; 2223 a ow, 4 | The ver lical__tin #s—lo—line_ta_war_marked_al_the—position_of | each__matked a 0.1.9. upte 15 5 flnother _xharp_tine RS was diown which i__parollel lope al clulance of _§ mm 6 Another line XY wo drawn parallel to Po al a dittance -abeuL| 25 mm__and—_il {e_ABXY was completed | Qlow each 1.0.cm ilewel—wos—lidd_in_S_equal_clvsnsan_ag_by matki points _ab uel inlowa) of —dmm_fgain theve_poiats upto 15 ona £_|Ahorp_small line about 9mm long way down perpendicular to pe oa me ia pee en eee) 91 fincther line every war drawn parallel ton pe o jap_of m. i d _o—hop_of 3 mm__| jlhe_sharp black pen and | 10} Foch line _was darken Atos divide wor_writlen 19 -upto 15 al each cm u |The mectanqutar sealo was cut by a_shatn paper cutl er wa: pasted it ono ihick i shee! and the shoot was cul along the boundary of the wtectangle with dhe help Oo}, scigcor [-W2{Poper cae of foot count 9 MX ofthe mange of 1S cm was Mtocuclay B aper_scale_of least oy Steps 1 to 6 wa tepedted arin patt_Ao| the above a Livi }2tfoch Lom interval wa clivicled into tia equal clivisions an Pg_byu marking. poinis at everut interval of 5 mm and again hese poinis pte 1s cm way marked 41Ahorp small lines about 9 mm_| War drown perpendicular| fo °@ on each ~0f poiat which “is pavatod by 5 mm. Anolher line AB was “crown potollel to Pa 3mm. 5 |foch linen clivision wae darken bu sharp black pen_¥ uuitlen aA 1 uplo 15 at each em twas marked ‘Teacher's Signature__ eS Pate ae PageNo,__24 aa F as an cae ( [theslepti_wo_topeatod arin par Beso vac livil jeden seria | Poper scale of loos! count 0.5 em Gnc_o, Iho range of 15 cm | | wor rel (Ansa the —tagih ai gaeaag iF |One—end—B—o|_the pencil along the scale Cn) was plac —in_cuch | {way so_ihat A ties al o full _mark oy 1_em ancl stead the} Heition—2)-—the—olher —enc.thin—theehsersaiion “wway_nepedled boy | placing —t ne_end Ao} the i | reaching }—olher__end__war taken ern: [Toss deat___count of the_scale (Al = 0.2 cm Table jon length of the penci —uting scale (A) _| SiN Reading at one_end_é | i thor end tho} the pencil | | of thr pencil a Com) | 6 a> “¢em) ae Cc) 1 1.0 2 7 |__| (ean length of the —penci|_= cm Fable for length of the —pencil_uting scale C8) __| aA - AeAS Date __ ao Page No._2 | = _No_{ Reading al _one_end. | Reading a_olherend|_dength_o}, pencil i {fof the pencil (ai) | 8 fas) Cem) Fa ae Cem) length othe _penci|_~ cm [is seos—o}-ths—teoul—tout_o.2.m_X_n.6.cm_ hove bain made | bof the pencil, lh_of the pencil wing scale (RB) = co. fica RECAU TIONS va earn ayer Sie | La [Fi howd he dir i injec lack ink pon "8 La |Panecscole vhould be pas! paitedon the thick ivory paper. __| SOURCES OF _FRROR= | Arc Nol be eq eparoted . cadDate Page No.__26 of THE ACTIVITY - [Zo determing mano} given bh jJuning. 1c motne scale by _| | princlple. of moments 4 mu bY SIREN | APPARATUS RE@UIRED = wine scale FEE \ E E é 2 TE : Thon _nowere (maou) onm = as weight atm? A> ftom principle of __momenis__m9_a = mq_do ot m= Ma which can be calculated yt * wo difleront methods (i) | scm Lengths fixe and_equal weight adjustable —___| 1 ‘ a : arm equal length - lalsights _in_the paper _pan—arte ad tu fill the metre scale _hecames hori zontal ______ thie cose O1 = a2 =a Nte__mq__o1 = mg do ov m=M Al hyaicaul bolonce _maku ure ol, this method Teacher's Signature —_________ oy| weigh tt ili a i + power and weight arms of; | fg - te - gcole balance ee i eae * | equal Lang : | t | , |fig - i i 70 Ott Scale Ralance > power 4 unequal length and weig hk arms= \ x E\ ll : Vay Pee se + aoe eee Date _ Page No.__27 | AG cit wine —fued_s_welghl__arm_ad j.wstabl. (elo —b—Auapencled ala pbeed aut, — dengih—of, —pauer_aim_is_adjusteal_b yh loop _| [thiund—in axd_aut_ti ie canting oe once hasan qa_thi_coue Oy Qo = fl na Os hecomes__mg_o = Mg A m=_N_f. | PROCEDURE = | cist method — Ihe_madite_stols_ulot_atran ged horizontally by potting it _| { the sharp _eclqe_o] | the broad hoa wed mu at socm __| | and___twox_matked }—unknown nau wor wy ond on the Lope th wedae B. wat_markod a pean ot “same distance “wat yupended ai onthe ight | |_| 0] the wedge with some—_weighh on 1} Ls The ela bt In_ithe paper pan was adjusted ill the metr ae hecomos birtatiat 2 Sa S mou —ol the weight: _wo1 noted in the pon iia Bday equal Thott wat _rtocardod as qlven in the fn owning las Teacher's Signature a MEXA ec aeceaeae —— PageNo ote | | : — ; = | opsERVILTLONS A ND__CAL CULATIONS ~ Cl cel deagth a} _ucig ht—_}_Mau_o weight | Unknown mass _| Cox_powier)_orm a iq_ihe paper _pan M m_ta) | la | a (1 Cobserwations anna _at_sample) 1 otcan moss. = Mit M2z+m3; 4 = 4 l | m : ft fan tha ties assem In_all_enses __ \ | | ResuLT | | lapteenate METHOD - lt! Grand Cethod = | - a ananged Ing it at} The body oh” unknown mau wumpondod }—motne scale hoenmor horizontal. —________ ie |the_obser vation wor __merorclodl an given in_the tabl. lopseR vations na CAL CULATLONS Fixed Length o}_power arm. oe cm [__1s.no| Mano weight in_th, | lonath of the | Unknown Man __| popit—pan Ml Ca.) weigh! orm A Cm) m= HP Ja mc) | ee ye be RESULT - |__| The _unknowo mau of i bod me 4 PRECAUTIONS ~ wedge —ehould —he_| i |_2 | Mine scale — vhould__have uni}orm _ma.i___duitr bution 3 | Thoood od Yor loops vhouwld be thin . light and strong SOURCES OF FRROR = t| The wedge may not be tharp 2| Mole scale may have —foulhy calibration ____| ‘Teacher's Signature C oeyn —-OF THE ACTIVITY. [qy_-plot_—aqtaph—foro__qiuen Au} dala —.-with—propec—chole | , Sal and__ertor_hars_. y 7 AL “Teen go Ts REQUIRED. | {Guan —paper | Seale TA : __ 1 dood (gL) 50 1o0_| iso | 200 | 250 | 300 |- 350 __ | futinsion (Com) 0-08 otc | 0.23 | 0-31 | p.yo | 0-44 | 0-67 | PROCE DURE pee 2n idan ; i (|e tood wor _takeon ai—independent variable and oo —axt hold be token The ertenvion yor taken aa dopenclont voriahl, and __vhouwd _be dakkon __on_u4 = qt + to)! To_selock proper scale Jor end _and__evtenvion wu a and —eutnvion__i-@ 0.67 ~ O.08 = p-44 (m Ainw the rong. —o} load &__gmoata than evtenilon , 0 the —lond ~avin wwe taken parallel to “lon eulenion wi or token fp malloc tid» af, gah —{ papers = al Sinn the data hove the povitive values, the origin _tnar_taken | o_the lower left comer. of the geoph paper 41 Along the load = awit Cua tui ‘Teacher's Signatureoo a Dil e Page No,__ 33 pune. |-5 gj and_along_th_evtension__avun (y= air) LS.) = 0.01 em |_To_plot_the dala with error_hors (5 |Sh—polafs ston. 180,860 9) war enaubed on loacl eT . __Lealnsion arto} the giaph pape pair he _bint_data point, the volte a} adn sdf and __| | evtonsion ia O.0§ cm war moeoturted with an ncuuracy a} __-40.1 tm. the dat on the graph pape l | Hower limiting vali ol the ovtention ai p.nt = 0.02 and | |p.0f 10-0) je 9.06 and 0-0 cm. Th fit_dato polnt ios —Lampleteliy—plotied ox __§ FE \ r | m—oomaining data poinh wor plotted , all the datlol poltk__tie _in_o SMuaight line 2\4n general . a w data point max} he ol the evpicted eae d |__| straight line guoph Lif diatght lint war drawn br Joining he data —poink I taking Com that oink. which donot lie on ‘the _{staight line _qinph ond evenly distributed above X below it 9 \thy tills of the gtnph wor ultlen dawn ie. “raph helns ood ond utention’ and the scales wor we along th fe anos agi (in thee omiph “page oe RESULT ‘Teacher's Signaturea oe a cS be Page No.__26 a he | |niM OF THE € xpeRi oe a hdmi Youngs edu op Elasticity of the material a Y Lo} o—G\ven__witte ~ | neorntus REQUIRED. Seatle’s apparatus Arnon —Steol wins el mein scale fsumlingtl and_diamat a (4 Ca TZ pe EL (scription o}_Searle’s Apparat ~ tees = Gentle opparmlw conrict pf two meta | |tond 6 .€och tomy hn forism tod atthe Ph i rer |_ {hook at the lower de. These Lins cule ut from {uo _witma RB and of same material nanth ced Cow section The per_ency of the itn oto _ecrowed Hi, htly in fun_torsion head fined. ame rigid supnort . A constan weight mt | Kiloaram in Auiponclod from the |} | hook O} the frome fs _athached to ‘he aucilLony wine CD which ‘Reops ‘the iwhrte taut A danger | Kilogrcim slotted weighs on ihe hanger. - | inged — ta he brome F, . Ths other en irit - lie | Hh er ited to the Pym spas aaah ad RL ~Teacher’s Signature| apt, No. \ ae romani —_bi | wlodking = Tape | dhe tite AB by loadin \\ ee Date Page No, aie] ond \ | How —I\ML_ihe weight. \ cult_thon tomove: unloading it [Thi wine AR Kept dgut i" han gee. alone. The sphermmeter [roms in the middie | SCre Ly oh \\ Lundoc the weg ht b} the hongec U_thon tofated 4111 dhe bubhie epi F |_| mnding _tecordad bow love. The spherometer disc eth load f holy Kiloq.tom wei |_| Lovelling tu_dis tuthod “1 1 now vipped in th, hanger bubba _again brought tn the fhe seteu) screw sumed upward dus toh i i Lipwar The_ditanee hy by—inereniing the Inad pn givet_ths elon qation of the wine Gea eorh. “The observation arty the hangs in steps of holy Kilag ram | he_load in tho same ordor hen _aopented by docttoa ving ma. a ~The extenvion 1. dtc aera Hill all the tei ht ane cemoved nol the obvrvaton ix taboo 0 ight Line fom _th inccenie in Longdh 1 bh moan The_mooutemeat of }—| ond value of _y ww i id }u_colutated [rom the olotion | lor a load _M Kg th found Nm ‘Teacher's Signaturefe No. EE — Cra ae an Lee a ttm > Na conn anckaron) SSS upon ote —ehlength Lond racine i tooded bya incteas In _bngih rh = Normal Date __ eit No, al g/t? YY og 1 tole cl Yat Tp Cl ibe | dugiudiaal_s Stain | 4 Ro ing_1_for known gy ca | |_| PROCEDURE Qwo Steel wine are taken of cum |_|ond their ends in tortion srreume a longth_and diomeber nd (wos rho in dingyam . wa tighted and A, 8 perimental wine and pi at D alige AB hero me becomes auui lary wir. Ba ga beom bo D e 1Xq honor and tight Vo Kg Slatled weight una ih endlord —_\rom nook 6} too & becom tout - The experimental wing King (rort__the experimental tnt “ cok —n} —Lhetweor | (throug prey. The ob ow ohond Ko d_th ) nd i temaved by pood perched —| pring the fom, uate Teacher's Signature Length _o} wine nod J pasaputer screw hich was pad bh mot tn ercod one - third oth booaking load . | [oT —pitch_cind the least count wai found of the sphero= | attached te Ey The _sphemmetec Crew) Loa. adjusted wth thal the ubhiy in the ypirit lowell tuocily tn ontne. The war_ttecord extend, Te _sphoro meter Fro sa foto ate sc Lae er cea Ah ig ntled eight was _qently lined tn the h ss ond ty iat uiolied “for tun min. 40 alin the tna bt back to contre. Th ending of the spheromeber dic _war_notedl. That__tieading wa __orordecl _againe> V2 kg trod in Youd — Hncreasing al | Ste peoied till oll the eight Vo xq -Hlotted. weigh fove hen ud Cota tan on ‘Teacher's Signature a— —— ‘eypeimental wine wo, 54 which mut be one third of th | | breaking —load_) rane dolled eight Ct 1 [| Thon ons lofled_weig {load _douwaning ) was _rtomow | Yor two_min—it war wailed to allow the _wlite 40 con [| jully—Bubble _uai_tcemourd fiom the ning | [| Ateps a wot_tepeated . The tending wa_wecorded again | [Lt rock | ocd in _hanger_ in load docrton ving column. | Sika: _and 6 war peated fil at the eight vated | |_weight war _comoved (7 [| : Then_toad pn experimental tite _| |_| wes 1g the ini#ial lead ) aT ‘ [| drereniting —cblaamn mutt nat _dilfer much. “Their mean unl | [fakin in” sliminnt: the “omar, | | Oburvatiom wai _nocorcod below. OBSERVATIONS ingih of eupsrimental wine Ap _ja= m. om Pith ob Scion) _o division on citar scale ~ton Le a re. COLA. = a = 0.001 ¢m Toro __e rn af cre) _qauge Ce\ = cm, ‘Tero _orrectton _o}, screw age (c\_2 =e cm_| ‘Teacher's Signature Ge QaPecan ee oo ee), Shh Diametet_o| euperimenial wine | [snialo._céinoor Scab | Crear Seale Reading Total _rnding ign -basevatin tending _N\_[lo. e}division yale Ntic xo | | Cem)___lon telerenu tine | x (L¢_) d__Com) - i {n) com (ji© la 4 - he __ 4 © i | | ep lies] 4 Je bbs 4 te Ite c Naz Aye» |_| rou men enon oJ i |_| Banking now for cteol __(¢inm table) Be No fire. of crass ection of wine A caste cm* = mt Brooking loud Rone we _N ~ QR. act Ka 458 C1 kg wt = 4-0 n) "and baeaking (0 _axy ke No. ay division in dice _> 100 Teacher’ Signaturepi Xo Seen cL —- aaa Le cm [ Fah? ——cload__and__€xtengion Trias donde] Ste screw ading Evtenslon_fot " -obvrvation [hanger load load Mean nad a. Kg tg Hinccearins | decreasing |_2 = +! 9422 xay (eo)| J fem) | rl Com) | y tem) 2 | , if iT, a Ly he i a ea 4 x aes _— 7a tL Ge=1) A i ye bh? Gi-t) ny \ ne La + (42s) CI A ‘Tat lu +(zq-Iu) ten curations - | From tobe 4 | ieon ohvrhed dit sathers i fie ridlieeced amc Wg oe | do di tdi + dio = Cm R lo | Mean Come cted Alametec of the tine d-(do +c) = cm > Moon radius. A, wine 1 (ifeeiers betas m 2 Teacher's Signature k foe 7 e - ndadleoe Page No,__4 4 ——— 7 —— - (| fort Tobe 2 [| penn foulinsion bor ave Kg toad, [ia dee nee fey oe ia a | | eB = fet ‘ |_{ rom formula y= _Mq 7 20 not y bh Nm? (4 - eels mit_ad |_| Coloulation of Mi /t prom “raph |_| 4} we plot a qinph between Mand tobing M alon \ [| abrotght tine "rom ib, own Vv. pa fon he Date RESULT |__| pppacatia > AlLm*2 sino and strain it verified Hookers ow 2 Nm | Di} involve = Nom=2 parentage error = Divenont in value = Actuok value 4t 1 within the limi of experimental errorDate 2 Page No.__4- | 4 deod_—_vhould he increaud on docroaued Io feqular viens. | SOURCES OF ERROR Fyporimontal irre Moly not hove uniform cross ~wechion thoughout Tu —_olted _useighk may not have _#andacd weights.