What Is Computational Design??

Computational design is a design method that uses a combination of algorithms and

parameters to solve design problems with advanced computer processing. Every step
of a designer’s process is translated into coded computer language. The software
program uses this information alongside project-specific parameters to create
algorithms that generate design models or complete design analyses. Once the initial
programming is completed, design becomes a dynamic and repeatable process.

Traditionally, design is passive—a designer uses their knowledge and intuition to create
designs with a computer-aided design (CAD) program. This method of manual drafting
limits the number of design options that can be considered and is restricted by available
time and resources. Once implemented, computational design is an effective and useful
tool for increasing productivity and creating more robust designs.

Designers must break down their design process into measurable steps to implement
computational design. These steps create a set of instructions, complete with
recognizable patterns and trends, that lay the framework for algorithms to solve design
problems.

Computational Design Tools

Computational design gives designers the power of programming without the need to
learn code. That is because most computational design tools use visual programming
as opposed to lines of text-based code. With visual programming, users connect
outputs from one node to inputs of another, creating a program that travels from node to
node by connectors. The end result is a graphic representation, or essentially a
flowchart, of the design process. 

These visual programming tools are typically plug-ins that pair with design modeling
software like Tekla Structures, Autodesk Revit, Trimble Quadri, and Bentley
MicroStation. Two of the leading computational design plug-ins are Dynamo, compatible
with Revit, and Grasshopper, compatible with Tekla, Quadri, and Rhino.

Dynamo is a visual programming tool from Autodesk. Users import and export data from
their 3D model, Excel, or even image files to populate the scripting interface. The
program displays complex geometries allowing designers to analyze their projects and
make visual modifications.

Grasshopper predates Dynamo and is likely the most popular computational design

plug-in. With this algorithmic modeling tool, users create design rules with the node-
based interface. Designers can also take advantage of the extensive node library and
third-party design tools.
 
Types of Computational Design
Computational

design  is very
much evolving and changing as standards are established within the field. As it currently
stands, there are three subsets of computational design: parametric design, generative
design, and algorithmic design.

Parametric Design

Parametric design is an interactive design process that uses a set of rules and inputted
parameters to control a design model. The rules establish the relationship between
different design elements. The parameters are project-specific values that define the
design model, like dimensions, angles, and weights. When a parameter is modified,
algorithms automatically update all associated design elements based on the set
dependencies.

Parametric design is a step above traditional 3D modeling, where a designer is

responsible for updating each design element individually. Instead, a designer would
simply update a parameter, and the parametric algorithms would make all of the
associated updates. Parametric design is ideal when designing complex and
uncommon architectural geometrics.
A parametric model is easily modified and can be adjusted in real-time. This allows a
designer to explore many possible design options. Rather than drafting hundreds of
columns all with independent offsets and dimensions, designers input symbolic
parameters that define how the columns relate to each other and to the building itself. If
the columns need to be shifted in the future based on new design information, the
parameter is updated, and the entire model adjusts based on the stored algorithm.

The term parametric stems from parametricism, coined in 2009 by Patrick Schumacher,
principal of Zaha Hadid Architects. He argued that a new design style had emerged that
was “rooted in digital design techniques and takes full advantage of the computational
revolution that drives contemporary civilization.” Parametricism can be used to describe
a particular contemporary, avant-garde style of free-form structures that are typically
designed with parametric design tools.

How Parametric Design Is Used

Parametric design is already infused in many designers’ workflows. With visualization

tools like Grasshopper coming pre-installed on Rhinoceros 6, parametric design is
accessible, and the visual programming is intuitive. Designers simply input parameters,
like dimensions, angles, or offsets along with the applicable design requirements to
receive an output. The parametric design process is done in a live building information
modeling (BIM) program and will update in real-time if attributes are changed.

Certain computational design plug-ins, like Tekla Structures, come pre-programmed

with a library of nodes that produce algorithms based on current industry codes and
standards, eliminating the need to input design rules on the frontend. Tekla Structures
enables structural engineers to create complex curved structures by visually inputting
data into an algorithm-based editor.

Generative Design

Generative design is an iterative design process that uses user-defined inputs to

produce multiple design concepts that meet specific goals. The inputs are rules and
parameters that define design requirements, similar to parametric design. With
generative design, the user also inputs success metrics that will evaluate the results.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing generate tens or even hundreds of design
options, ranked by these metrics.

Success metrics are criteria used to optimize the design, such as building positioning,
spatial planning, life safety analysis, structural loading capacity, number of building
units, or cost data. The program will produce a wide range of design options and the
designer will refine the optimization criteria accordingly. Generative design combines
the power of AI to create hundreds of possible designs with the intuition of human
choice to narrow down the results. 

Designers left to their own devices tend to create predictable results. While some level
of trial and error is inherent to the design process, it is unfeasible for a human to
produce and vet all possible design options. This causes architects to lean on tried-and-
true designs or those used on past projects, sometimes rather than the ideal option.

Generative design leads designers to solutions they never even imagined that are
beyond their normal thought process. These solutions are referred to as “happy
accidents” in the generative design world. Designers use the process of optioneering—
the in-depth consideration of multiple design options—to evaluate all results, refine their
criteria, and land on the best design outcome.

How Generative Design Is Used

Generative design is a process for design optimization. Designers use these tools to
maximize the number of locations served by a road, minimize the number of structural
members needed to achieve a specific design load, or achieve a specified thermal
capacity dependent on multiple construction surfaces or materials. 

Algorithmic Design

Algorithmic design is a design method guided by algorithms. The term is often used

interchangeably with computational design and could be considered a type of
generative design. Algorithmic design uses algorithms—a set of instructions that
determine the solution to a problem—to produce architectural models. In other words, a
set of rules is used to define a system rather than defining each element individually.

While the goal of generative design is to produce as many design options as possible
for analysis, algorithmic design is the opposite. A higher level of detail and scrutiny is
placed on the input rules and parameters in an effort to produce just one or a few
desired results. Often, algorithmic design looks like a separate line of code or
connectors between nodes that can be traced back to each individual building element
generated.

Relationship Between Parametric, Generative, and

Algorithmic Design
How do these different subsets of computational design relate to each other? It is up to
interpretation as the field of computational design develops and standardizes.

Let’s first simplify the definition and intent of each design method:

 Parametric design uses parameters and rules to create a

design solution that is easily modified.

 Generative design uses algorithms to generate a batch of

design options for evaluation.

 Algorithmic design uses algorithms to produce a design model.

It is easy to see how there is some overlap between the terms, especially the broad
definition of algorithmic design. Algorithmic design is a type of generative design
because it uses algorithms to produce a design result. It can also be considered a type
of parametric design if those algorithms rely upon a set of parameters.

Parameters and rules are key components of both parametric and generative design.
Both design methods also rely on strong input data to produce reliable results.

Engineers use visual scripting to unlock the full power of parametric design - building
customized workflows, automating repetitive design tasks and handling complex
shapes. Learn more about parametric design using Tekla and Grasshopper here.
 

Parametric design is an interactive process—elements of the design model are

associated with each other, allowing real-time design modifications that update across
the entire design. The process uses software plug-ins that rely on accurate input
parameters and element relationships.

Generative design is an iterative process—the software produces many results, ranked

by the user-provided constraints or success metrics. The process uses advanced
algorithms and artificial intelligence, but still requires human intuition to finalize the
design choice.

Researchers at the Frontiers of Architectural Research further break down the

difference between these subsets of computational design in their report Computational
design in architecture: Defining parametric, generative, and algorithmic design.

 
What Are the Benefits of Computational Design?
Implementing computational design methods requires a cultural shift and extensive
programming on the frontend, but once a design firm overcomes the initial learning
curve, they will be able to:

 Design Better Solutions – Designers can explore hundreds of

design options rather than just the few they would produce with

manual drafting. They can also take advantage of the unique

design solutions generated that veer away from conventional

thinking. Design algorithms can be refined to continuously

improve outcomes.

 
  Automate Repetitive Tasks – Updating a dimension or

renaming a surface is simple when it just applies to one element,

but it becomes tedious and profit shrinking when necessary

across hundreds. With computational design tools connected to

modeling software, a designer can create an algorithm that

modifies the entire model in real-time.

 Improve Productivity – Once firm-specific design processes

are programmed into a computational tool, designers can

essentially outsource design tasks to these programs. With

computational design, architects can design faster with fewer

iterations—improving productivity and accomplishing more with

fewer resources.

 Mitigate Design Risks – Iterative design processes and easy-

to-use visual programming tools enable a designer to improve

design quality above human capabilities. Artificial intelligence

 can be leveraged to test a design under multiple scenarios.

Error-free designs reduce risk and liability for all parties involved.

 Reduce Project Costs – Shifting tedious design tasks and

design thinking over to computational design tools reduces the

level of staff needed for a project. Additionally, algorithmically-

produced designs will have fewer errors, reducing the likelihood

of field design changes. With fewer resources and changes,

projects costs will shrink.

Designing structures with interesting shapes such as those seen on the  Twickenham
Riverside
Development Project, are made possible with computational design.  Read
more about the award-winning project here.
 
How Computational Design Is Used Now
Although computational design is an emerging concept to many in the industry, it has
been used in practice across numerous building and infrastructure projects.

Parametric Design at the New Orleans International Airport

The design of the Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport terminal

project began in 2011. It would be the first major airport to replace a terminal in the
previous ten years. To meet a fast-paced schedule and achieve the crescent-inspired
look, the design team, a joint venture between Atkins North America, eStudio
Architecture, and Leo A Daly, knew innovative solutions would be necessary for the
design approach.

One of the solutions used was a parametric model to assist with the design process.
The spherical roof and radial grids were parametrically controlled with the visual
programming plug-in Grasshopper enabled with Rhino modeling software. With the
parametric model, designers were able to effortlessly adjust the geometry of the
structure as the design was fine-tuned, allowing the design process to finish on
schedule even after numerous design changes.

Generative Design Used By Japan’s Daiwa House Group

There is an inflated demand for urban housing in Japan. With 9 in 10 Japanese citizens
residing in densely-packed cities, Daiwa House Group, Japan’s largest homebuilder, is
tasked with the challenge of maximizing housing opportunities across the scarce
available land. To do this, they utilize generative design practices.

Daiwa House Group uses generative design tools to speed up their workflow and
present customers with unique house plans that maximize their building lot rather than
rely on conventional methods. “Generative design … [offers] possibilities that deviate
from conventions in positive ways. I think that is the technology’s greatest appeal,”
explains Daiwa’s Project Director Masaya Harita. 

 
How Computational Design Will Be Used in the Future
Computational design is positioned to alter the landscape of the AEC industry in the
same way CAD and project management software have. Once initial barriers to entry
are overcome, computational design will be a revolutionary addition to architectural
design, engineering, and construction.

Computational Design in Construction

Computational design methods are beginning to transcend the scope of design and
enter into construction. Contactors will input parameters about their unique construction
sites and receive optimized data about procedures to enhance efficiency and reduce
costs, including site improvements such as:

 Optimized Equipment Positioning – For some construction

projects, the entire schedule is based on the availability and

movements of integral construction equipment. With generative

design, contactors can receive project-specific optimized data on

the ideal number and location of tower cranes and other heavy

equipment.

 Reduced Material Waste – Zero waste, or at least minimizing

waste, is always the goal of a project, but proves difficult in

practice. With computational tools, a project design could be

optimized to reduce waste by using raw material data and

generated waste evaluations.

 

 Improved Order of Operations – Stacking and scheduling

trades is a complex task that can make or break a project’s

schedule. Computational design tools enable a project team to

create logic that sequences the installation of building

components. The sequence could then be optimized and

improved upon for efficiency.

Implementing computational design across the AEC industry will require

a cultural shift.

Although computational design tools are relatively easy to use thanks to visual
programming, implementing the design method across a company or an entire industry
is no small feat. Therefore, designers, engineers, and contractors intrigued by the
efficiencies and optimizations computational design offers should advocate for its use,
one project at a time.

efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage buildings or infrastructure. By

retaining a shared resource of project data, BIM helps keep designers,
managers, and stakeholders on the same page. Here is the list of the top 15
best BIM Software for 2022 and beyond.

What is BIM Software?

BIM software offers a model-based process for designing and managing
buildings and infrastructures, advancing construction drawings to generate a
digital representation of the functional properties of a facility.
Looking at BIM software is now an indispensable technology for building
design. It allows architects, engineers, construction managers, and others to
collaborate during design. This technology is critical for visualizing concepts
and turning insignificant ideas into concrete reality.

As per the latest report, the building information modeling software market is poised to

grow by $ 8.38 bn during 2022-2025 progressing at a CAGR of 24% during the forecast

period. 

Types of Building Information Modeling [BIM] used in

construction
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a 3D model-based system that gives
insight and tools to plan, design, and construct structures more efficiently.
The graphical simulation provided by BIM allows AEC (architecture,
engineering, construction) professionals to see how their project will look in a
real-life scenario.
With project renders and architecture, we can see the entire design even more
efficiently starting the construction. Primarily, there are the following different
types of BIM used in the AEC industry.
 Geographic Building Information Modeling
 Structural Building Information Modeling
 Concrete Building Information Modeling
 Precast Concrete Building Information Modeling
 Construction Management Building Information Modeling
 Architectural Building Information Modeling
 MEP Building Information Modeling
 Infrastructure Building Information Modeling

Top 15 Best BIM Software List

BIM software comes in different functionalities. Some have advanced
functions, and others are built for specific industries. Hence, companies must
account for building design, company size, and project lifecycle. BIM prevents
delays, improves communication, and reduces overruns.
When selecting the best BIM software, we must look at features, ease of use,
and value. Integration and analytics capabilities were also part of the
comparison. Following are the 15 top and the best BIM software popularly
used in the AEC industry.
1. Autodesk Revit
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the foundation of digital
transformation in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC)
industry. As the leader in BIM, Autodesk is the industry’s partner to realize
better ways of working and better outcomes for business and the built world.
Autodesk Revit spans many users, from architects and designers to
construction and project managers.
The software is very much centered on data and values. It offers tremendous
flexibility for users to create their content and modify existing on. Revit also
includes a powerful graphical programming engine, “Dynamo.” This engine
enables even the inexperienced, non-it user to create complicated geometries
and perform data-driven tasks like import, export, and parametric
modeling based on data.
2. Autodesk BIM 360
In addition to its established BIM Software, Autodesk has created a cloud-
based ecosystem for construction data management: BIM 360. It builds on
top of standard features like 2D modeling, 3D drawing, and conflict track. It
also serves as the central repository for all design and construction
documents.
For large companies or projects and best-of-breed performance, BIM 360
rules supreme. Users can access documents via the cloud and gain complete
visibility into any aspect of the project. Click here to explore the software.
3. Vectorworks Architect
For creatives and design-centric employees to imagine a better BIM than
Vectorworks Architect. This BIM software has been designed at its core, with
some of the best modeling, drafting, and documentation capabilities of any
BIM.

Advanced 3D modeling is where Vectorworks Architect stands out from the

crowd, giving architects and design purists tools to stretch their imagination.
While it might not be possible to find some of the all-in-one construction and
project management software capabilities one might find elsewhere,
Vectorworks does offer other products that can work seamlessly with
Architect. This includes software for construction site mapping, industrial
lighting, and entertainment venues.
For architects and designers looking for a BIM that will help bring projects and
concepts to life, Vectorworks Architect is a sound choice.
4. Tekla Structures BIM Software
Civil engineering and structural engineering is the best space where Tekla
Structures shines. Tekla Structures was created by software giant Trimble and
based on a steel structural modeling software XSteel.
Trimble has kept steel and architectural design at the core of Structures while
incorporating glass, wood, concrete, and other building materials.
Tekla Structures is well adapted for large-scale industrial projects that need
BIM to help manage construction materials and resources. It’s been used to
design projects from bridges and airports to sports stadiums and mega-malls.

Steel and concrete fabricators, contractors, and structural engineers will

render and manage projects efficiently with Tekla Structures.
5. Graphisoft ARCHICAD
If there were a BIM software equivalent to a Swiss Army knife, it might
be ARCHICAD. It’s used widely by architects, designers, engineers, and urban
planners for a comprehensive project’s design.
ARCHICAD’s user interface is functional and straightforward, making it one of
the more accessible BIM software to pick up for beginners. ARCHICAD is also
one of the longest-standing BIM software products since its release 30 years
ago.

ARCHICAD can render 3D models of anything from an office park landscaping

project to entire college campuses. But one of the significant benefits of
ARCHICAD is that it’s an open BIM, meaning that it can write and read BIM
data in a vendor-neutral format (IFC). That allows seamless data exchange
with other project partners, no matter their other design tools.
ARCHICAD offers compelling and sophisticated tools and features for
creating BIM Model. Its scripting engine allows intelligent and flexible objects
that are more than just data containers.

ARCHICAD is an excellent option for a versatile BIM solution that offers

effective content creation and visualization features.

6. Microstation
MicroStation’s advanced parametric 3D modeling and intelligent drafting
capabilities enable infrastructure professionals to collaborate on and deliver
projects of any scale and complexity.

You and your team can aggregate work in MicroStation, including designs and
models created with Bentley’s discipline-specific modeling applications. As a
result, you can create comprehensive, multi-discipline BIM models,
documentation, and other deliverables.
MicroStation and Bentley BIM applications are built on the same
comprehensive modeling platform. You, therefore, can quickly progress your
MicroStation work into discipline-specific workflows with Bentley’s design and
analytical modeling applications. With this flexibility, each member of your
project team has precisely the correct application for the work they need to
do.

7. ALLPLAN 2022 BIM Software

Allplan offers 3D BIM design and detailing software for precaster, rebar
detailers, civil and structural engineers.

Allplan is the interdisciplinary platform for architects, engineers, and

contractors that accompanies and integrates the design and construction
process throughout all project phases.

 Smooth interdisciplinary data exchange

 Freely switch between 2D and 3D working methods
 Unsurpassed information quality and precision
Allplan enables you to build virtually first, then, in reality, indicate any errors
and conflicts early even during the design phase, avoiding construction
delays.

8. Autodesk Civil 3d
Autodesk® Civil 3D® software is a civil engineering design and
documentation solution that supports Building Information Modeling (BIM)
workflows on civil infrastructure projects, including roads and highways, rail,
site development, airports, and water.
Civil 3D helps civil infrastructure professionals improve project delivery,
reduce risk, errors, and omissions, and respond faster to project changes.
Additionally, users can streamline time-consuming tasks such as corridor
design (road and rail), intersection design, parcel layout, site grading,
and piping design with specific tools and customizable design standards.
9. ArchiCAD
ARCHICAD is an architectural BIM CAD software for Macintosh and Windows
developed by the Hungarian company Graphisoft.

In a nutshell, Archicad is an authoring design software primarily used by

architects and BIM managers. It has a reputation for being user-friendly,
allowing architects to focus on their end goal of designing.
Design and deliver projects of any size with Archicad’s robust suite of built-in
tools and user-friendly interface that make it the most efficient and intuitive
BIM software.

Featuring out-of-the-box design documentation, one-click publishing, photo-

realistic rendering, and best-in-class analysis. Archicad lets you focus on what
you do best: significant design buildings.

10. Procore BIM Software

Procore connects all your people, software, and data on one platform—so
everyone on your project has access to everything they need. The platform
gives you the freedom to connect with hundreds of integrations in the Procore
App Marketplace. So even if we don’t build it, you can join it.

Equip the entire job site with instant access to reliable BIM data on any device.

 Exceptional performance
 Mitigate risk
 Build the project owners are expecting
11. Autodesk Navisworks
Autodesk Navisworks Manage software (commonly called Navis) offers
design and construction professionals a comprehensive project review
solution, providing advanced tools for interference analysis, 5D analysis, and
spatial coordination.

Autodesk Navisworks Manage software is a comprehensive project review

solution that supports design intent and constructability coordination,
analysis, and communication.

The BIM software can combine multidisciplinary design data created in a

broad range of Building Information Modeling (BIM), digital prototype, and
process plant design applications into a single integrated project model.
Interference management tools help design and construction professionals
anticipate and minimize potential problems before construction begins,
helping to reduce expensive delays and rework.

Navisworks Manage (also known as Navis) is integrated with Autodesk BIM

360 Glue software to help connect the entire project team and streamline BIM
project review and coordination workflows.

The software combines model coordination with project quantities and

schedules to deliver simulation and quantification features, including time and
cost analysis. Entire project models can be published and viewed using
Autodesk Navisworks Freedom software. Navisworks supports to;

 Combine design and construction data into a single model.

 Identify and resolve clash and interference problems before
construction.
 Aggregate data from multiple trades to better control outcomes.
12. BIMx
BIMx is a set of desktop and mobile software tools to interactively present the
3D model and 2D documentation of Building Information Models created with
ArchiCAD through a more straightforward and intuitive interface than
ArchiCAD’s complex BIM authoring environment’s UI.

GRAPHISOFT’s mobile BIM communication tool, BIMx, allows you to explore

architectural designs interactively through the BIM model on iOS and Android
mobile devices. It features the ‘BIMx Hyper-model,’ a unique technology for
navigating the integrated 2D drawing sheets and 3D Building Information
Models.

13. BricsCAD® BIM Software
BricsCAD is a software application for computer-aided design, developed by
Bricsys nv. The company was founded in 2002 by Erik de Keyser, a longtime
CAD entrepreneur.

With BricsCAD, BIM Software creates clear and accurate construction

documentation in record time, using the automatic generation of sections,
elevations, drawing views, and sheet layouts.

14. Edifices BIM Software
Edificius is the professional choice for architects, engineers, and surveyors
looking for a BIM software that will help bring projects and concepts to life:
create floor plans or 3D models with parametric BIM objects and complete the
project with things from the software’s online library.

15. Infurnia
 Infurnia is a cloud-native BIM Software for professional architects that
DI ALIGNED DIMENSION / Creates an aligned dimension.
enables you to implement BIM in your designs in a seamless and integrated
DL DETAIL LINE / Creates view-specific lines.
manner.
SPOT ELEVATION / Displays the elevation of a selected
EL
point.
Quickly access detailed model information through visual programming.
FR Access modelFIND/REPLACE
information in /any
Find3rd
andparty
replace.
software using Infurnia APIs.
Export your model
MODELandGROUP:CREATE
model information in industry-standard
GROUP; DETAIL IFC4 format
GP
GROUP:CREATE GROUP / Creates a group of elements.
Conclusion
RT TAG ROOM; ROOM TAG / Tags the selected room.
Merely a few decades after early prototypes, BIM technologies are now one of
TAG BY CATEGORY / Applies tags to elements based on
TG the most significant aides in a building’s design journey. As innovations
their categories.
propagate, developers keep adding new features to the BIM software currently
TX TEXT / Adds text.
available.
Therefore, the suitable design solution for each project is unique and depends
on its scope. Though, the rising competition among the companies that
develop the top BIM software is poised to make the lives of designers easier.

AA ADJUST ANALYTICAL MODEL / Adjusts the analytical model of the

 structural member in relation to those of the elements to which it joins.

CHECK DUCT SYSTEMS / Examines the mechanical systems in a project

DC to verify that each system is assigned to a userdefined system, and properly
connected.

CHECK CIRCUITS / Verifies all circuits for proper connections to panels

EC
and valid system assignments.

LD LOADS / Applies point, line and area loads to a model.

HEATING AND COOLING LOADS / Prepares a heating and cooling load

LO
analysis report based on an existing building model.

CHECK PIPE SYSTEMS / Examines the piping systems in a project to

PC verify that each system is assigned to a user-defined system, and properly
connected.

PS PANEL SCHEDULES / Generates a panel schedule for a specific panel.

RESET ANALYTICAL MODEL / Restores the analytical model alignment

RA
methods to auto-detect.

COLUMN; STRUCTURAL COLUMN / Adds a vertical load-bearing

CL
element to the building model.

CM PLACE A COMPONENT / Place a component.

DR DOOR / Adds a door to the building model.

GR GRID / Places column grid lines in the building design.

LL LEVEL / Places a level in view.

ROOM / Creates a room bounded by model elements and separation

RM
lines.

RP REFERENCE PLANE / Creates a reference plane using drawing tools.

 RT TAG ROOM; ROOM TAG / Tags the selected room.

FLOOR:FLOOR: STRUCTURAL / Adds structural floors to a

SB
building model.

WALL; WALL:WALL: ARCHITECTURAL / Creates a non-bearing

WA
wall or a structural wall in the building model.

WN WINDOW / Places a window in a wall or skylight in a roof.

Collaborate

EDITING REQUESTS / Displays a list of usersí requests

ER to borrow elements in worksets, as well as pending
requests.

RELOAD LATEST / Loads the latest version of the

RL or RW
central model.

Context Menu

MOVE TO PROJECT / Move the model relative to a shared

MP
coordinate system.

DEFINE A NEW CENTER OF ROTATION / Relocates center

R3
of rotation when rotating elements.

RESTORE ALL EXCLUDED / Restores all excluded parts and

RA
elements.

RESTORE EXCLUDED MEMBER / Restores an excluded

RB
member.

RC REPEAT LAST COMMAND / Repeats the last command.

SELECT ALL INSTANCES: IN ENTIRE PROJECT / Selects

SA all of the elements that are similar to the selected element in the
current view, or throughout the project.

Contextual Tabs
// DIVIDE SURFACE / Applies a division grid along a surface in a conceptual des

ADJUST ANALYTICAL MODEL / Adjusts the analytical model of the structura

AA
elements to which it joins.

AD ATTACH DETAIL GROUP / Creates an attached detail group.

AP ADD TO GROUP / Adds elements to a group.

STRUCTURAL BEAM SYSTEM; AUTOMATIC BEAM SYSTEM / Creates a

BS
and spacing of a series of parallel beams.

CG CANCEL / Cancels an action.

DI ALIGNED DIMENSION / Creates an aligned dimension.

EG EDIT GROUP / Edits a group.

EL SPOT ELEVATION / Displays the elevation of a selected point.

EP EDIT PAR / Edits a part element.

EU UNHIDE ELEMENT / Enables a hidden element to appear in view.

EW EDIT WITNESS LINES / Edits a witness line.

FG FINISH / Finishes editing a group.

HT SHOW HELP TOOLTIP / Displays the Help Tooltip.

JP JUSTIFICATION POINTS / Sets a justification point for relocating elements.

JY ZOFFSET / Offsets an element in the z direction.

JZ SHOW HELP TOOLTIP / Displays the Help Tooltip.

LI MODEL LINE; BOUNDARY LINE; REBAR LINE / Places a new line.

PP or CTRL-1 or VP PROPERTIES; TOGGLE PROPERTIES PALETTE / Toggles the Properties pal

RA RESTORE ALL EXCLUDED / Restores all excluded parts and elements.

 RG REMOVE FROM GROUP / Removes elements from a group.

RH TOGGLE REVEAL HIDDEN ELEMENTS MODE / Toggles the Reveal Hidden

RP REFERENCE PLANE / Creates a reference plane using drawing tools.

UG UNGROUP / Ungroups members of a group.

VU UNHIDE CATEGORY / Enables a hidden category to appear in view.

CM PLACE A COMPONENT / Place a component.

D ALIGNED DIMENSION / Creates an aligned dimension.

FR FIND/REPLACE / Find and replace.

MODEL GROUP:CREATE GROUP; DETAIL GROUP:CREATE

GP
GROUP / Creates a group of elements.

MODEL LINE; BOUNDARY LINE; REBAR LINE / Places a new

LI
line.

LL LEVEL / Places a level in view.

MD MODIFY / Enters selection mode to select elements to modify.

PROPERTIES; TOGGLE PROPERTIES PALETTE / Toggles the

PP or CTRL-1 or VP
Properties palette.

REFERENCE PLANE / Creates a reference plane using drawing

RP
tools.

TX TEXT / Adds text

Create

Manage

MEP SETTINGS:ELECTRICAL SETTINGS / Accesses dialog

box to specify wiring parameters, voltages definitions,
ES
distribution systems, cable tray and conduit settings, and load
calculation and circuit numbering settings.
 MEP SETTINGS:MECHANICAL SETTINGS / Accesses dialog
MS box to configure component sizes, and the behavior and
appearance of the mechanical systems.

ADDITIONAL SETTINGS:SUN SETTINGS / Opens the sun

SU
settings dialog box.

UN PROJECT UNITS / Opens the Project Units tool.

Modify

AL ALIGN / Aligns one or more elements with selected element.

AR ARRAY / Creates a linear or radial array of selected elements.

CO or CC COPY / Copies selected element(s).

CP COPE; APPLY COPING / Applies coping to steel beam or columns.

CREATE SIMILAR / Creates an element of the same type as the

CS
selected element.

DE DELETE / Removes selected element(s) from the building model.

DI ALIGNED DIMENSION / Creates an aligned dimension.

MIRROR - DRAW AXIS / Reverses the position of a selected model

DM
element, using a user-generated line as the mirror axis.

EH HIDE IN VIEW:HIDE ELEMENTS / Hides an element from view.

EL SPOT ELEVATION / Displays the elevation of a selected point.

OVERRIDE GRAPHICS IN VIEW: OVERRIDE BY ELEMENT/

EOD Changes the graphic display settings for selected elements in the current
view.

MODEL LINE; BOUNDARY LINE; REBAR LINE / Places a new

LI
line.

LINEWORK / Overrides the line style of selected line in the active

LW
view only.
 MATCH TYPE PROPERTIES / Opens the Match Type tool to convert
MA
one or more elements to match the type assigned to another element.

MIRROR - PICK AXIS / Reverses the position of a selected model

MM
element, using a selected line as the mirror axis.

MV MOVE / Moves a selected element.

OFFSET / Moves a selected model line, detail line, wall, or beam a

OF
specified distance perpendicular to its length.

PN PIN / Locks a model element in place.

PROPERTIES; TOGGLE PROPERTIES PALETTE / Toggles the

PP or CTRL-1 or VP
Properties palette.

PT PAINT / Opens the Paint tool.

RC COPE:REMOVE COPING / Removes coping.

RE SCALE / Resizes the selected element.

RO ROTATE / Rotates selected element around an axis.

RP REFERENCE PLANE / Creates a reference plane using drawing tools.

SPLIT FACE / Divides the face of an element into regions for

SF
application of different materials.

SPLIT ELEMENT / Cuts an element (such as a wall or line) at a

SL
selected point.

TRIM/EXTEND TO CORNER / Trims or extend one or more elements

TR
to form a corner.

UNPIN / Unpins an element that is locked in position or an element that

UP
is driven by its host system.

HIDE IN VIEW:HIDE CATEGORY / Hides an element category from

VH
view.

Navigation Bar
32 2D MODE / Navigates the view using only 2D navigation options.

3F FLY MODE / Simulates flying through a model.

OBJECT MODE / Navigates and reorients the view in the direction

3O
of the controller cap.

3W WALK MODE / Simulates walking through a model.

ZA ZOOM ALL TO FIT / Zooms to fit all in view.

ZE or ZF or ZX ZOOM TO FIT / Zooms to fit.

ZO or ZV ZOOM OUT(2X) / Zooms out the project view by 2X.

ZP or ZC PREVIOUS PAN/ZOOM / Returns to previous pan or zoom.l

ZR or ZZ ZOOM IN REGION / Zooms to a region.

ZS ZOOM SHEET SIZE / Zooms to sheet size.

PC SNAP TO POINT CLOUDS / Snaps to point cloud.

SC CENTERS / Snaps to center

SE ENDPOINTS / Snaps to endpoints.

SI INTERSECTIONS / Snaps to intersection.

SM MIDPOINTS / Snaps to midpoint.

SN NEAREST / Snaps to nearest.

SO SNAPS OFF / Turns snaps off.

SP PERPENDICULAR / Snaps to perpendicular.

SQ QUADRANTS / Snaps to quadrant.

SNAP TO REMOTE OBJECTS / Snaps to objects that are not near

SR
the element.
 SS TURN OVERRIDE OFF / Turns off override feature.

ST TANGENTS / Snaps to tangent.

SW WORK PLANE GRID / Snaps to the work plane grid.

SX POINTS / Snaps to points.

Structure

STRUCTURAL FRAMING: BEAM / Adds a load-bearing

BM
structural beam element to the building model.

STRUCTURAL FRAMING: BRACE / Adds diagonal members

BR
that are connected to beams and columns.

STRUCTURAL BEAM SYSTEM; AUTOMATIC BEAM

BS SYSTEM / Creates a layout that is used to control the number and
spacing of a series of parallel beams.

COLUMN; STRUCTURAL COLUMN / Adds a vertical load-

CL
bearing element to the building model.

CM PLACE A COMPONENT / Place a component.

STRUCTURAL FOUNDATION: WALL / Creates a wall

FT
foundation for the building model.

GR GRID / Places column grid lines in the building design.

LL LEVEL / Places a level in view.

REINFORCEMENT NUMBERS / Defines or edits numbering

RN
sequences by partition for rebar and fabric sheets.

REFERENCE PLANE / Creates a reference plane using drawing

RP
tools.

FLOOR:FLOOR: STRUCTURAL / Adds structural floors to a

SB
building model.

WA WALL; WALL:WALL: ARCHITECTURAL / Creates a non-

 bearing wall or a structural wall in the building model.

System

AT AIR TERMINAL / Places a register, grille or diffuser.

CM PLACE A COMPONENT / Place a component.

CN CONDUIT / Draws a rigid conduit run.

CT CABLE TRAY / Draws a cable tray run.

CONVERT TO FLEX DUCT / Converts a section of rigid duct to

CV
flexible duct.

DUCT ACCESSORY / Adds duct accessories, such as dampers, in

DA
duct systems.

DUCT FITTING / Places duct fittings (elbows, tees, end caps, and so
DF
on) in duct systems.

DT DUCT / Draws ductwork in the building model.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT / Places electrical equipment, such as

EE
panels and switch gear.

EW ARC WIRE / Draws an arced wire run.

FD FLEX DUCT / Draws flexible ductwork in the building model.

FP FLEX PIPE / Draws flexible pipes.

LF LIGHTING FIXTURE / Adds a lighting fixture element.

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT / Places mechanical equipment such

ME
as boilers, furnaces or fans.

NF CONDUIT FITTING / Places conduit fittings.

PA PIPE ACCESSORY / Adds pipe accessories.

PF PIPE FITTING / Draws a pipe fitting in a piping system.

 PI PIPE / Draws rigid piping.

PX PLUMBING FIXTURE / Places a plumbing fixture.

REFERENCE PLANE / Creates a reference plane using drawing

RP
tools.

SK SPRINKLER / Places a sprinkler

TF CABLE TRAY FITTING / Places cable tray fittings.

View

SYSTEM BROWSER / Finds components that are not assigned to

FN9
a system.

KS KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS / Assigns key sequences to tools.

PROPERTIES; TOGGLE PROPERTIES PALETTE / Toggles the

PP or CTRL-1 or VP
Properties palette.

RD RENDER IN CLOUD / Renders 3D views online.

RENDER GALLERY / Enables access to multiple versions of

RG renderings, render images as panoramas, change rendering
quality, and apply background environments to rendered scenes.

RR RENDER / Creates a photorealistic image of the building model.

THIN LINES / Displays all lines on the screen as a single width,

TL
regardless of zoom level.

VISIBILITY/GRAPHICS / Controls the visibility and graphic

VG or VV display of model elements, datum elements, and viewspecific
elements for each view in a project.

CASCADE WINDOWS / Arranges all open windows in a series

WC
in the drawing area.

WT TILE WINDOWS / See all open views at the same time.

View Control Bar

 TOGGLE REVEAL CONSTRAINTS MODE / Toggles the
CX
constraints in a view.

GD GRAPHIC DISPLAY OPTIONS / Opens the Graphics dialog box.

HC HIDE CATEGORY / Hides all selected categories in the view.

HH HIDE ELEMENT / Hides an element from view.

HI ISOLATE ELEMENT / Isolates selected elements.

HIDDEN LINE / Displays the image with all edges and lines drawn
HL
except those obstructed by surfaces.

RESET TEMPORARY HIDE/ISOLATE / Restores any

HR
temporarily hidden elements or categories.

IC ISOLATE CATEGORY / Isolates selected categories.

RD RENDER IN CLOUD / Renders 3D views online.

RENDER GALLERY / Enables access to multiple versions of

RG renderings, render images as panoramas, change rendering quality,
and apply background environments to rendered scenes.

TOGGLE REVEAL HIDDEN ELEMENTS MODE / Toggles the

RH
Reveal Hidden Elements Mode.

RR RENDER / Creates a photorealistic image of the building model.

RAY TRACE / Opens Ray Trace visual style, enabling a

RY photorealistic rendering mode that allows panning and zooming
around the model.

SD SHADED WITH EDGES / Applies a shaded edge.

WIREFRAME / Displays the image of the model with all edges and
WF
lines drawn, but with no surfaces drawn.