The document provides guidance on writing fiction and nonfiction stories. It discusses key elements like characters, setting, plot, point of view, and conflict. Characters can be flat or round, and known through direct or indirect presentation. Setting establishes where and when a story takes place. Plot follows Freytag's pyramid model of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Conflict is the struggle between forces that drives the plot. Common literary devices are also outlined, such as irony, metaphor, and repetition. The document then shifts to discussing how to write nonfiction stories and narrative essays, focusing on inciting events, timeline of events, and resolution of themes.
The document provides guidance on writing fiction and nonfiction stories. It discusses key elements like characters, setting, plot, point of view, and conflict. Characters can be flat or round, and known through direct or indirect presentation. Setting establishes where and when a story takes place. Plot follows Freytag's pyramid model of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Conflict is the struggle between forces that drives the plot. Common literary devices are also outlined, such as irony, metaphor, and repetition. The document then shifts to discussing how to write nonfiction stories and narrative essays, focusing on inciting events, timeline of events, and resolution of themes.
The document provides guidance on writing fiction and nonfiction stories. It discusses key elements like characters, setting, plot, point of view, and conflict. Characters can be flat or round, and known through direct or indirect presentation. Setting establishes where and when a story takes place. Plot follows Freytag's pyramid model of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Conflict is the struggle between forces that drives the plot. Common literary devices are also outlined, such as irony, metaphor, and repetition. The document then shifts to discussing how to write nonfiction stories and narrative essays, focusing on inciting events, timeline of events, and resolution of themes.
The document provides guidance on writing fiction and nonfiction stories. It discusses key elements like characters, setting, plot, point of view, and conflict. Characters can be flat or round, and known through direct or indirect presentation. Setting establishes where and when a story takes place. Plot follows Freytag's pyramid model of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Conflict is the struggle between forces that drives the plot. Common literary devices are also outlined, such as irony, metaphor, and repetition. The document then shifts to discussing how to write nonfiction stories and narrative essays, focusing on inciting events, timeline of events, and resolution of themes.
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LESSON 1.
WRITING STORIES
FICTION - is writing about imaginary events and people. NON-FICTION - is writing about factual and reports on true events.
ELEMENTS OF WRITING A STORY
CHARACTERS - are the people in a narrative, or figures to whom action happens. - A character has a personal history, acts purposefully and consisteny. -How Characters Known?? 1. FORMER/NARRATOR- refers to when the storyteller tells us information about the character’s background and traits. 2. DIRECT PRESENTATION – the details are interpreted and summarized for us. 3. LATTER – refers to when the storyteller shows us a character through a description of the character’s physical qualities as well as his or her actions in a scene or during an event in the story. 4. INDIRECT PRESENTATION – we must interpret and describe for ourselves a character’s trait based on what the story shows us of him or her.
TYPES OF CHARACTERS Flat Characters- uncomplicated and remain generally the same all throughout the story. Round Characters - appears more complex and change over the course of a story. Protagonist - main character of the story Antagonist- the primary opponent of the main character of the story.
SETTING is the world where a story takes place. The setting describes where and when the tory takes place. It helps build background and create images in the mind. It helps set the tone or mood of the story. ASPECTS OF SETTING Physical Characteristics- Natural or manmade Time- Day, week, month or year Cultural and Social Conditions- behaviors of the people Symbols and Mood- Mood or emotional
PLOT -it is what happens in the story
FREYTAG’S PYRAMID a) Exposition introduces the characters, time, and the problem. This occurs at the start of the story up to the point where an inciting incident happens for the main character to handle or solve. The exposition creates the beginning of the story. b) Rising action includes the happenings that the main character encounters. As each event develops, more complications arise, making the problem more complex for the character. c) Climax refers to the turning point in the story. This is usually a single event with the greatest intensity and uncertainty. Here the main character contends with the problem hence creating the peak of interest for the readers. d) Falling action are the events that unfold after the climax. The resulting events after the climax create an emotional response from the reader. e) Denouement or resolution provides closure and ties up loose ends in the story.
CONFLICT -Is the “battle” between two forces. - helps to create change. - the struggle between two forces in a story. Without conflict, there is no plot. TYPES OF CONFLICT Character vs. Man Character vs. Self Character vs. Nature Character vs. Society Character vs. Technology
POINT OF VIEW -identifies who tells the story and how it gets told. 1. First Person Point of view- The narrator here is one of the characters. Pronoun “I” 2. Second Person Point of view- The role of its narrator assigned to us.Pronoun “you” 3. Third Person Point of view- The narrator is not one of the characters.Pronoun “he and she
A literary device is any specific aspect of literature, or a particular
work, which we can recognize, identify, interpret and/or analyze. Both literary elements and literary techniques can rightly be called literary devices.
Literary techniques are specific, deliberate constructions of language
which an author uses to convey meaning. As author’s use of a literary technique usually occurs with a single word or phrase, or a particular group of words or phrases, at one single point in a text. Unlike literary elements, literary techniques are not necessarily present in every text.
The Most Common Literary Devices
Irony Is a contextual device that causes us to have expectations that are different from the actual outcome. There are different types of irony;situational, wherein something other than what we thought would happen happens; dramatic irony, where a character does not know certain information which the audience already knows. There is also verbal irony, inwhich a character says something but means something else.
Onomatopoeia Is a technique of using words that are pronounced and sound just like what they represent.
Oxymoron Is a term made of two words that are opposites of each other and therefore imply each other’s opposite
Personification Is a technique used to give living, human characteristics to non-living objects. Metaphor Is also a comparison device, but without words such as like or as. Simile Is also a comparison device, using words such as like or as.
Rhetorical questions Are questions which are asked but seem to require no answer. They are simply language tools to convey an idea, but not actual questions which require an answer.
Repetition Is when an author repeats a word or line multiple times to reinforce its importance to the audience.
Rhyme Is when words end in a similar sound.
LESSON 2 WRITING NONFICTIONAL STORIES
INCITING EVENT - is what initially propels the protagonist into action.
WHO WAS THERE
inform the actions of fictional characters. 1. They have personal histories. 2. They act purposefully. 3. They are consistently who they are.
WHAT HAPPENED incidences and scenarios are the building blocks of a story. WHERE WAS THIS setting in fiction helps us in writing about places in fiction. WHERE WAS THIS setting in fiction helps us in writing about places in fiction. 1. Places have physical characteristics. 2. Places occupy time. 3. Places have cultural and social norms 4. Places can be symbolic and have a specific atmosphere to them.
LOOKING FOR THE STORY
A STORY ALREADY incidences and scenarios are the building blocks of a story.
WHAT STORY TO WRITE
AVAILABLE MATERIAL POINT OF VIEW LESSON 3. NARRATIVE ESSAY -telling a story - share an experience
PARTS OF THE ESSAY
INTRODUCTION • Hook –start with a question, statistic, or gut-punch statement • Establish the central theme of the story • Make room for conflict – acknowledge fault or foreshadow a learned lesson BODY PARAGRAPH • Communicate a timeline of events • Present challenges (what did you have to overcome?) • Develop your structure and fill in empty holes CONCLUSION • Justify personal relevance • Resolve major theme • Give insight to the topic and consequences to the story’s morals
