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Clampers Edc

1) The document is a lab report on investigating the V-I characteristics of Zener diodes and developing a voltage regulator circuit using a Zener diode. 2) An experiment was conducted where the Zener diode was connected in reverse bias and the input voltage was varied to record the reverse voltage and current readings. 3) A second experiment looked at the load regulation characteristics of the Zener diode voltage regulator circuit by measuring the no-load voltage and voltages under different load resistances.

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Ali Fida
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56 views6 pages

Clampers Edc

1) The document is a lab report on investigating the V-I characteristics of Zener diodes and developing a voltage regulator circuit using a Zener diode. 2) An experiment was conducted where the Zener diode was connected in reverse bias and the input voltage was varied to record the reverse voltage and current readings. 3) A second experiment looked at the load regulation characteristics of the Zener diode voltage regulator circuit by measuring the no-load voltage and voltages under different load resistances.

Uploaded by

Ali Fida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Syed Suleman Azher

Roll Number: 221720

Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab


Instructor: Sir Muzammil Ghaffar
Lab Report 4
Topic: Zener Diodes
Objective: To observe the V-I Characteristics of Zener diode. To develop a
Voltage regulator circuit using zener diode and observe its voltage
regulation characteristics

Apparatus Required:
Sr. No Name of Apparatus
1 Zener Diode
2 Resistors
3 Regulated Power Supply
4 Bread Board
5 Digital Multi-Meter
7 Connecting Wires

Introduction:
A zener diode is a semiconductor diode which is designed to allow the current to flow backwards
when the reverse voltage (also known as zener voltage) is reached.

Zener diodes are manufactured with a great variety of Zener voltages and some are even variable.
Some Zener diodes have a sharp, highly doped p–n junction with a low Zener voltage, in which case
the reverse conduction occurs due to electron quantum tunnelling in the short space between p and
n regions − this is known as the Zener effect, after Clarence Zener. Diodes with a higher Zener
voltage have a more gradual junction and their mode of operation also involves avalanche
breakdown. Both breakdown types are present in Zener diodes with the Zener effect predominating
at lower voltages and avalanche breakdown at higher voltages.

Explanation:
An ideal P-N Junction diode does not conduct in reverse biased condition. A zener diode
conducts excellently even in reverse biased condition. These diodes operate at a precise
value of voltage called break down voltage. A zener diode when forward biased
behaves like an ordinary P-N junction diode. A zener diode when reverse biased can
either undergo avalanche break down or zener break down.
Avalanche break down:-If both p-side and n-side of the diode are lightly doped,
depletion region at the junction widens. Application of a very large electric field at the
junction may rupture covalent bonding between electrons. Such rupture leads to the
generation of a large number of charge carriers resulting in avalanche multiplication.
Zener break down:-If both p-side and n-side of the diode are heavily doped, depletion
region at the junction reduces. Application of even a small voltage at the junction
ruptures covalent bonding and generates large number of charge carriers. Such sudden
increase in the number of charge carriers results in zener mechanism.

Circuit Diagram:
Reverse Biased:-
Reverse Biased with Voltage Regulator:-

Model Graphs:

Procedure:
To plot V-I characteristics
a) Connect the Zener diode in Reverse bias i.e; anode is connected to negative of
the power supply and cathode is connected to positive of the power supply as
in circuit.
b) Vary the input voltage in steps of 1V and note down reverse voltage(V R) and
the corresponding values of reverse current (IR).
c) Plot the graph between reverse voltage (VR) and the reverse current (IR).
Observations:
Sr. No Vs (Volts) VR (Volts) IR (mA)
1 0.7 0.65 0.18mA
2 5.0 5.08 1.29mA
3 10.7 5.17 10.4mA
4 15.2 5.20 21.2mA
5 20.3 5.23 32.4mA
6 25.6 5.26 41.7mA
7 30.7 5.30 52.1mA
To plot the load regulation characteristics

a) Connect the Zener diode in Reverse bias i.e; anode is connected to negative of
the power supply and cathode is connected to positive of the power supply as
in circuit.
b) In finding load regulation, input voltage (Vsz) is kept constant i.e source voltage is
chosen as a voltage at which Zener voltage V Z is remaining constant while the
current is increasing (Vsz from 1stcircuit characteristics)
c) Measure VNL (No load voltage) by opening the load resistance.
d) Connect the load resistance, and vary the load resistance from 1100Ω to 100Ω in
steps of 100Ω and note down the readings of VL and IZ
e) Calculate % Regulation by using the formula given below.
Sr. RL Iz (mA) VL (V) % Regulation
No
1 5.11k 5.17 10V
2 3.5k 5.16 10V
3 2.4k 5.16 10V
4 0.7k 5.17 10V
Conclusion:
In this lab we learnt about the zener diode and how does it effect the
current of circuit. And to patch the circuits given above and generating
the results as well as to plot the graph.

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